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Recent studies have reported that sarcopenia influences morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. However, few studies have investigated the associations of sarcopenia with short-term and long-term graft failure in recipients after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). In this study, we investigated the associations between sarcopenia and graft failure/mortality in patients undergoing LDLT. We retrospectively examined 2816 recipients who underwent LDLT between January 2008 and January 2018. Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the associations between sarcopenia and graft failure/mortality in recipients at 60 days, 180 days, and 1 year and overall. Sarcopenia in the recipient was significantly associated with 60-day graft failure (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-3.61; p = 0.03), 180-day graft failure (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.19-2.88; p = 0.01), 1-year graft failure (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.01-2.17; p = 0.05), and overall graft failure (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.08-1.87; p = 0.01). In addition, recipient sarcopenia was associated with 180-day mortality (HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.17-3.01; p = 0.01), 1-year mortality (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01-2.29; p = 0.04), and overall mortality (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.08-1.90; p = 0.01). Preoperative sarcopenia was associated with high rates of graft failure and mortality in LDLT recipients. Therefore, preoperative sarcopenia may be a strong predictor of the surgical prognosis in LDLT recipients.

Background: No studies have objectively assessed the relationship between body characteristics and Yin-Yang temperament in East-Asian traditional medicine. Here, we determined body composition, anthropometric measurements and physical fitness in individuals with different Yin-Yang temperament, using the Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Methods: This study included 772 female university students. Those scoring in the lower 30% of SPQ scores were placed in the Yin group (226 subjects) and those scoring in the upper 30% in the Yang group (226 subjects). Bioimpedance analysis was used to determine total body water, protein mass, minerals, muscle mass, lean body mass, soft lean mass, body fat percentage, waist-hip ratio, body mass index (BMI), obesity, and basal metabolic rate (BMR). Anthropometric variables were height, weight, and BMI. Physical fitness variables were muscular strength (grip, back strength), agility (tapping), muscular endurance (sit-ups), power (standing long jump), flexibility (trunk flexion), and cardiovascular endurance (Harvard step). Differences between groups were analyzed using a t-test. Results: Total body water, protein mass, minerals, soft lean mass, lean body mass, and BMR were significantly higher in the Yang group than in the Yin group (p < 0.05). Weight, height, BMI, back strength, muscular endurance, and power were also significantly higher in the Yang group than in the Yin group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study is the first to show that physical traits vary according to Yin-Yang temperament. These data serve as a basis for systematic health management, physical fitness management, and exercise prescription according to Yin-Yang temperament.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in obesity factors according to Sasang constitutional types and quality of sleep among Korean female college students. Methods: Surveys using Sasang-types questionnaires(QSCCⅡ) and quality of sleep questionnaires(PSQI; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were conducted with 339 Korean female college students. Additionally, obesity factors, including weight, fat mass, fat percent, abdominal fat percent, body mass index (BMI) and obesity rates were measured. All data analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA. Results: The interaction between Sasang types and quality of sleep was presented in the quality of sleep status, subjective quality of sleep (domain 1), sleep duration (domain 3) and sleep disturbance (domain 5). Variables with interaction effects had significant differences in terms of obesity factors between groups with different quality of sleep according to the Sasang types. Moreover, significant differences in obesity factors between different Sasang types according to the quality of sleep were also observed. Conclusion: This study characterized the reduction effect of improvement in quality of sleep on the fat mass of So-Yang type individuals and obesity factors in Tae-Eum type individuals. The results of this study will be used in improving sleep quality according to the Sasang types. Keywords: Korean female college students, Sasang constitutional types, Quality of sleep, Obesity factors, Interaction effect

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to investigate the difference in physical fitness and eating attitude (dieting, bulimia, food behavior) among 322 female university students according to SPQ (Sasang Personality Questionnaire). METHODS Describe briefly the main methods or treatments applied; through the use of the Sasang Personality Questionnaire, Eat-26 questionnaire, and assessment of physical fitness (strength, agility, endurance, power, flexibility). SPQ is a 14-question self-report assessment tool for measuring temperament characteristics from the perspective of the Sasang typology. It is divided into three groups: So-Eum, Tae-Eum, So-Yang. Data analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA using statistical software SPSS version 18.0 program. RESULTS As to the results, there was a difference in physical fitness and eating attitude according to the SPQ group. Among the variables of physical fitness, So-Yang was significantly higher in back strength (strength) and total fitness score than So-Eum and Tae-Eum. The bulimia and eating behavior were also significantly higher than those of the other groups. CONCLUSIONS It was found that the So-Yang group had better physical fitness than the other constitutions but could have had a problem with eating attitude. The utilizing from the study that is able to provide a proper understanding of eating attitude and fitness in SPQ.

Background: The Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) is an objective measure of Yin–Yang temperament of Sasang typology with proven clinical and structural validity; however, it has not been validated in people younger than 20 years. The purpose of this study was to examine the biopsychological structure of the SPQ in high school students. Methods: A total of 670 Korean high school students (365 boys and 305 girls) completed the SPQ, Junior version of Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI), and weight and height measures. The correlation between the SPQ and JTCI subscales was investigated, and the differences of these subscales, body mass index, and Pondera Index between the high (30%), middle (40%), and low (30%) SPQ total score groups were examined with analysis of variance. The profile analysis was also performed to compare JTCI subscale profiles of the three SPQ total score groups. Results: The SPQ total score significantly correlated positively with JTCI novelty seeking (r = 0.548 and r = 0.540) and negatively with JTCI harm avoidance (r = –0.393 and r = –0.395) in boys and girls, respectively. The JTCI novelty-seeking score is significantly higher in the high SPQ total score group (24.12 ± 5.27 and 24.15 ± 5.17 for boys and girls, respectively) than in the low SPQ total score group (16.49 ± 5.08 and 17.24 ± 4.83, respectively), and the JTCI harm-avoidance score is significantly higher in the low SPQ total score group (25.34 ± 6.08 and 26.64 ± 5.77 for boys and girls, respectively) than in the high SPQ total score group (19.27 ± 6.62 and 19.23 ± 6.00, respectively). The JTCI subscale profiles for the three SPQ total score groups were significantly different for boys (degrees of freedom = 3.416, F = 292.16, p