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Therapeutic hypothermia has shown promise as a means to improving neurological outcomes at several neurological conditions. At the clinical level, it has been shown to improve outcomes in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest and in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, but has yet to be convincingly demonstrated in stroke. While numerous preclinical studies have shown benefit in stroke models, translating this to the clinical level has proven challenging. Major obstacles include cooling patients with typical stroke who are awake and breathing spontaneously but often have significant comorbidities. Solutions around these problems include selective brain cooling and cooling to lesser depths or avoiding hyperthermia. This review will cover the mechanisms of protection by therapeutic hypothermia, as well as recent progress made in selective brain cooling and the neuroprotective effects of only slightly lowering brain temperature. Therapeutic hypothermia for stroke has been shown to be feasible, but has yet to be definitively proven effective. There is clearly much work to be undertaken in this area.

Acute myocardial infarction is an acute-stage disease that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a high-risk factor for post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI). This retrospective cohort study analyzed the data of 754 patients with STEMI who underwent pPCI and were integrated into the Fast Interrogation Rule for STEMI critical pathway program between 2015 and 2019. We aimed to determine the optimal cutoff baseline eGFR for identifying a high risk of PC-AKI after multivariable adjustment with statistically significant risk factors. We also compared the incidence rates of PC-AKI between the previous and current diagnostic criteria. The probability of PC-AKI increased when the baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was ≤ 79mL/min/1.73 m2. The optimal cutoff baseline eGFR for high risk of PC-AKI was found to be an eGFR of ≤ 61 mL/min/1.73 m2 after multivariable adjustment. The current diagnostic criteria more accurately identified the patient group with impaired renal function. Our results have clinically significant implications for identifying patients at a high risk of developing PC-AKI, especially before and after the use of contrast agents in patients who require PCI for STEMI in the emergency department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Antimicrobials reserved for human medicines are permitted for companion animals and it is important to understand multidrug-resistant pathogens recovered from companion animals in terms of epidemiological correlation with human pathogens and possibility of transmission to human-beings. Seventeen of each CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) canine isolates were assessed. Entire genomes of the 34 isolates were sequenced. Plasmid transfer and relative growth rates were assessed at differed temperature conditions indicating the body temperature of dogs, that of human-beings, and environment. ESBL-ECs were clonally diverse, while ESBL-KPs were not. The ESBL-ECs carried the bla CTX−M−15 gene in plasmids and the bla CTX−M−14-like gene either in chromosomes or in plasmids. The ESBL-KPs possessed the bla CTX−M−15 gene in plasmids (n = 15). One of the isolates carried another bla CTX−M−15 gene in a chromosome simultaneously and the other isolate had an additional bla CTX−M−9 gene-harbouring plasmid, together. Two ESBL-KP isolates carried the bla CTX−M−14 gene in plasmids. Plasmid transfer ESBL-EC to K. pneumoniae was efficient and the differed biological costs by temperature was much more in ESBL-EC than in ESBL-KP. Intersectoral dissemination of ESBL-ECs occurred mainly by horizontal gene transfer, while that of ESBL-KPs occurred by clonal dissemination.

Numerous patients visit Korean medical institutions for low back pain. Various acupuncture points have been suggested to treat low back pain; however, selecting the appropriate acupuncture points is challenging because their individual importance is unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of different acupuncture points in the treatment of low back pain. We reviewed 14 classical literatures that recorded acupuncture prescription for low back pain. We investigated the frequency of acupuncture point usage, as well as their meridians, dermatomes, and combinations. Only BL, GV, and GB were used as local acupuncture points. The BL was the most frequently used acupuncture point in all dynasties. Over time, the use of distal rather than local acupuncture points increased. The distal acupuncture points that corresponded to the L4–S1 dermatome were most used. The most frequently used acupuncture points were BL23, BL40, BL60, GV26, GB34, and ST36. When low back pain is accompanied by lower extremity symptoms, the frequency of the use of acupuncture points at the L4, L5, and S1 levels on the dermatome increased, whereas those at the L2 and S3 levels decreased. BL31–BL34, BL28–GV02, and GV26–BL40 were mainly used in combination.

Background: The concept of beauty has gained widespread attention, heightening expectations for external health and attractiveness. Although physical appearance has become a significant social asset, the COVID-19 pandemic, marked by the normalization of mask wearing and reduced outdoor activities, has led to a decline in focus on appearance. Objective: This study aims to analyze the correlation between appearance management behaviors and self-esteem among beauty major college students in the post-COVID-19 era. Methods: This study conducted a survey targeting beauty major college students, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0, which was validated at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Analysis of appearance management behaviors among college students revealed that, for males, hair care behavior (M=3.66) was the most prevalent, while for females, makeup management behavior (M=3.61) was the most prevalent. Additionally, students majoring in makeup exhibited high levels of appearance management behaviors (M=3.61) and self-esteem (M=3.86). Examination of the impact of the independent variables indicated statistically significant positive influences. Conclusion: Beauty majors showed higher self-esteem and increased engagement in hair, skin, makeup, and apparel management behaviors. However, the generalization of the findings may be limited to this specific group, emphasizing the need for ongoing research across various majors and age groups.

Abstract Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing is a prevalent post-transcriptional RNA modification within the brain. Yet, most research has relied on postmortem samples, assuming it is an accurate representation of RNA biology in the living brain. We challenge this assumption by comparing A-to-I editing between postmortem and living prefrontal cortical tissues. Major differences were found, with over 70,000 A-to-I sites showing higher editing levels in postmortem tissues. Increased A-to-I editing in postmortem tissues is linked to higher ADAR and ADARB1 expression, is more pronounced in non-neuronal cells, and indicative of postmortem activation of inflammation and hypoxia. Higher A-to-I editing in living tissues marks sites that are evolutionarily preserved, synaptic, developmentally timed, and disrupted in neurological conditions. Common genetic variants were also found to differentially affect A-to-I editing levels in living versus postmortem tissues. Collectively, these discoveries offer more nuanced and accurate insights into the regulatory mechanisms of RNA editing in the human brain.