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1. PandaX: A Liquid Xenon Dark Matter Experiment at CJPL

Author

Cao, X. G., Chen, X., Chen, Y. H., Cui, X. Y., Fang, D. Q., Fu, C. B., Giboni, K. L., Gong, H. W., Guo, G. D., He, M., Hu, J., Huang, X. T., Ji, X. D., Ju, Y. L., Li, S. L., Lin, Q., Liu, H. X., Liu, J. L., Liu, X., Lorenzon, W., Ma, Y. G., Mao, Y. J., Ni, K. X., Pushkin, K., Ren, X. X., Schubnell, M., Shen, M. B., Shi, Y. J., Stephenson, S., Tan, A. D., Tarle, G., Wang, H. W., Wang, J. M., Wang, M., Wang, X. M., Wang, Z., Wei, Y. H., Wu, S. Y., Xiao, M. J., Xiao, X., Xie, P. W., Ye, T., You, Y. H., Zeng, X. H., Zhang, H., Zhang, T., Zhao, H. Y., Zhao, L., Zhou, X. P., and Zhu, Z. H.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

PandaX is a large upgradable liquid-xenon detector system that can be used for both direct dark-matter detection and $^{136}$Xe double-beta decay search. It is located in the Jinping Deep-Underground Laboratory in Sichuan, China. The detector operates in dual-phase mode, allowing detection of both prompt scintillation, and ionization charge through proportional scintillation. The central time projection chamber will be staged, with the first stage accommodating a target mass of about 120\,kg. In stage II, the target mass will be increased to about 0.5\,ton. In the final stage, the detector can be upgraded to a multi-ton target mass. In this paper a detailed description of the stage-I detector design and performance results established during the commissioning phase is presented., Comment: 28 pages, 23 figures

Published
2014

2. Properties of cosmic-ray sulfur and determination of the composition of primary cosmic-ray carbon, neon, magnesium, and sulfur:ten-year results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author

Aguilar, M. (M.), Cavasonza, L. A. (L. Ali), Alpat, B. (B.), Ambrosi, G. (G.), Arruda, L. (L.), Attig, N. (N.), Bagwell, C. (C.), Barao, F. (F.), Barrin, L. (L.), Bartoloni, A. (A.), Basegmez-du Pree, S. (S.), Battiston, R. (R.), Belyaev, N. (N.), Berdugo, J. (J.), Bertucci, B. (B.), Bindi, V. (V.), Bollweg, K. (K.), Bolster, J. (J.), Borchiellini, M. (M.), Borgia, B. (B.), Boschini, M. J. (M. J.), Bourquin, M. (M.), Bueno, E. F. (E. F.), Burger, J. (J.), Burger, W. J. (W. J.), Cai, X. D. (X. D.), Capell, M. (M.), Casaus, J. (J.), Castellini, G. (G.), Cervelli, F. (F.), Chang, Y. H. (Y. H.), Chen, G. M. (G. M.), Chen, G. R. (G. R.), Chen, H. (H.), Chen, H. S. (H. S.), Chen, Y. (Y.), Cheng, L. (L.), Chou, H. Y. (H. Y.), Chouridou, S. (S.), Choutko, V. (V.), Chung, C. H. (C. H.), Clark, C. (C.), Coignet, G. (G.), Consolandi, C. (C.), Contin, A. (A.), Corti, C. (C.), Cui, Z. (Z.), Dadzie, K. (K.), Dass, A. (A.), Delgado, C. (C.), Della Torre, S. (S.), Demirkoz, M. B. (M. B.), Derome, L. (L.), Di Falco, S. (S.), Di Felice, V. (V.), Diaz, C. (C.), Dimiccoli, F. (F.), von Doetinchem, P. (P.), Dong, F. (F.), Donnini, F. (F.), Duranti, M. (M.), Egorov, A. (A.), Eline, A. (A.), Faldi, F. (F.), Feng, J. (J.), Fiandrini, E. (E.), Fisher, P. (P.), Formato, V. (V.), Gamez, C. (C.), Garcia-Lopez, R. J. (R. J.), Gargiulo, C. (C.), Gast, H. (H.), Gervasi, M. (M.), Giovacchini, F. (F.), Gomez-Coral, D. M. (D. M.), Gong, J. (J.), Goy, C. (C.), Grabski, V. (V.), Grandi, D. (D.), Graziani, M. (M.), Guracho, A. N. (A. N.), Haino, S. (S.), Han, K. C. (K. C.), Hashmani, R. K. (R. K.), He, Z. H. (Z. H.), Heber, B. (B.), Hsieh, T. H. (T. H.), Hu, J. Y. (J. Y.), Huang, B. W. (B. W.), Incagli, M. (M.), Jang, W. Y. (W. Y.), Jia, Y. (Yi), Jinchi, H. (H.), Karagoz, G. (G.), Khiali, B. (B.), Kim, G. N. (G. N.), Kirn, T. (Th.), Kounina, O. (O.), Kounine, A. (A.), Koutsenko, V. (V.), Krasnopevtsev, D. (D.), Kuhlman, A. (A.), Kulemzin, A. (A.), La Vacca, G. (G.), Laudi, E. (E.), Laurenti, G. (G.), LaVecchia, G. (G.), Lazzizzera, I. (I.), Lee, H. T. (H. T.), Lee, S. C. (S. C.), Li, H. L. (H. L.), Li, J. Q. (J. Q.), Li, M. (M.), Li, Q. (Q.), Li, Q. Y. (Q. Y.), Li, S. (S.), Li, S. L. (S. L.), Li, J. H. (J. H.), Li, Z. H. (Z. H.), Liang, J. (J.), Liang, M. J. (M. J.), Lin, C. H. (C. H.), Lippert, T. (T.), Liu, J. H. (J. H.), Lu, S. Q. (S. Q.), Lu, Y. S. (Y. S.), Luebelsmeyer, K. (K.), Luo, J. Z. (J. Z.), Luo, S. D. (S. D.), Luo, X. (Xi), Machate, F. (F.), Mana, C. (C.), Marin, J. (J.), Marquardt, J. (J.), Martin, T. (T.), Martinez, G. (G.), Masi, N. (N.), Maurin, D. (D.), Medvedeva, T. (T.), Menchaca-Rocha, A. (A.), Meng, Q. (Q.), Mikhailov, V. V. (V. V.), Molero, M. (M.), Mott, P. (P.), Mussolin, L. (L.), Negrete, J. (J.), Nikonov, N. (N.), Nozzoli, F. (F.), Ocampo-Peleteiro, J. (J.), Oliva, A. (A.), Orcinha, M. (M.), Ottupara, M. A. (M. A.), Palermo, M. (M.), Palmonari, F. (F.), Paniccia, M. (M.), Pashnin, A. (A.), Pauluzzi, M. (M.), Pensotti, S. (S.), Plyaskin, V. (V.), Poluianov, S. (Stepan), Qin, X. (X.), Qu, Z. Y. (Z. Y.), Quadrani, L. (L.), Rancoita, P. G. (P. G.), Rapin, D. (D.), Conde, A. R. (A. Reina), Robyn, E. (E.), Romaneehsen, L. (L.), Rozhkov, A. (A.), Rozza, D. (D.), Sagdeev, R. (R.), Schael, S. (S.), von Dratzig, A. S. (A. Schultz), Schwering, G. (G.), Seo, E. S. (E. S.), Shan, B. S. (B. S.), Siedenburg, T. (T.), Song, J. W. (J. W.), Song, X. J. (X. J.), Sonnabend, R. (R.), Strigari, L. (L.), Su, T. (T.), Sun, Q. (Q.), Sun, Z. T. (Z. T.), Tacconi, M. (M.), Tang, X. W. (X. W.), Tang, Z. C. (Z. C.), Tian, J. (J.), Tian, Y. (Y.), Ting, S. C. (Samuel C. C.), Urban, T. (T.), Usoskin, I. (Ilya), Vagelli, V. (V.), Vainio, R. (R.), Valencia-Otero, M. (M.), Valente, E. (E.), Valtonen, E. (E.), Acosta, M. V. (M. Vazquez), Vecchi, M. (M.), Velasco, M. (M.), Vialle, J. P. (J. P.), Wang, C. X. (C. X.), Wang, L. (L.), Wang, L. Q. (L. Q.), Wang, N. H. (N. H.), Wang, Q. L. (Q. L.), Wang, S. (S.), Wang, X. (X.), Wang, Y. (Yu), Wang, Z. M. (Z. M.), Wei, J. (J.), Weng, Z. L. (Z. L.), Wu, H. (H.), Wu, Y. (Y.), Xiao, J. N. (J. N.), Xiong, R. Q. (R. Q.), Xiong, X. Z. (X. Z.), Xu, W. (W.), Yan, Q. (Q.), Yang, H. T. (H. T.), Yang, Y. (Y.), Yashin, I. I. (I. I.), Yelland, A. (A.), Yi, H. (H.), You, Y. H. (Y. H.), Yu, Y. M. (Y. M.), Yu, Z. Q. (Z. Q.), Zannoni, M. (M.), Zhang, C. (C.), Zhang, F. (F.), Zhang, F. Z. (F. Z.), Zhang, J. (J.), Zhang, J. H. (J. H.), Zhang, Z. (Z.), Zhao, F. (F.), Zheng, C. (C.), Zheng, Z. M. (Z. M.), Zhuang, H. L. (H. L.), Zhukov, V. (V.), Zichichi, A. (A.), Zuccon, P. (P.), Aguilar, M. (M.), Cavasonza, L. A. (L. Ali), Alpat, B. (B.), Ambrosi, G. (G.), Arruda, L. (L.), Attig, N. (N.), Bagwell, C. (C.), Barao, F. (F.), Barrin, L. (L.), Bartoloni, A. (A.), Basegmez-du Pree, S. (S.), Battiston, R. (R.), Belyaev, N. (N.), Berdugo, J. (J.), Bertucci, B. (B.), Bindi, V. (V.), Bollweg, K. (K.), Bolster, J. (J.), Borchiellini, M. (M.), Borgia, B. (B.), Boschini, M. J. (M. J.), Bourquin, M. (M.), Bueno, E. F. (E. F.), Burger, J. (J.), Burger, W. J. (W. J.), Cai, X. D. (X. D.), Capell, M. (M.), Casaus, J. (J.), Castellini, G. (G.), Cervelli, F. (F.), Chang, Y. H. (Y. H.), Chen, G. M. (G. M.), Chen, G. R. (G. R.), Chen, H. (H.), Chen, H. S. (H. S.), Chen, Y. (Y.), Cheng, L. (L.), Chou, H. Y. (H. Y.), Chouridou, S. (S.), Choutko, V. (V.), Chung, C. H. (C. H.), Clark, C. (C.), Coignet, G. (G.), Consolandi, C. (C.), Contin, A. (A.), Corti, C. (C.), Cui, Z. (Z.), Dadzie, K. (K.), Dass, A. (A.), Delgado, C. (C.), Della Torre, S. (S.), Demirkoz, M. B. (M. B.), Derome, L. (L.), Di Falco, S. (S.), Di Felice, V. (V.), Diaz, C. (C.), Dimiccoli, F. (F.), von Doetinchem, P. (P.), Dong, F. (F.), Donnini, F. (F.), Duranti, M. (M.), Egorov, A. (A.), Eline, A. (A.), Faldi, F. (F.), Feng, J. (J.), Fiandrini, E. (E.), Fisher, P. (P.), Formato, V. (V.), Gamez, C. (C.), Garcia-Lopez, R. J. (R. J.), Gargiulo, C. (C.), Gast, H. (H.), Gervasi, M. (M.), Giovacchini, F. (F.), Gomez-Coral, D. M. (D. M.), Gong, J. (J.), Goy, C. (C.), Grabski, V. (V.), Grandi, D. (D.), Graziani, M. (M.), Guracho, A. N. (A. N.), Haino, S. (S.), Han, K. C. (K. C.), Hashmani, R. K. (R. K.), He, Z. H. (Z. H.), Heber, B. (B.), Hsieh, T. H. (T. H.), Hu, J. Y. (J. Y.), Huang, B. W. (B. W.), Incagli, M. (M.), Jang, W. Y. (W. Y.), Jia, Y. (Yi), Jinchi, H. (H.), Karagoz, G. (G.), Khiali, B. (B.), Kim, G. N. (G. N.), Kirn, T. (Th.), Kounina, O. (O.), Kounine, A. (A.), Koutsenko, V. (V.), Krasnopevtsev, D. (D.), Kuhlman, A. (A.), Kulemzin, A. (A.), La Vacca, G. (G.), Laudi, E. (E.), Laurenti, G. (G.), LaVecchia, G. (G.), Lazzizzera, I. (I.), Lee, H. T. (H. T.), Lee, S. C. (S. C.), Li, H. L. (H. L.), Li, J. Q. (J. Q.), Li, M. (M.), Li, Q. (Q.), Li, Q. Y. (Q. Y.), Li, S. (S.), Li, S. L. (S. L.), Li, J. H. (J. H.), Li, Z. H. (Z. H.), Liang, J. (J.), Liang, M. J. (M. J.), Lin, C. H. (C. H.), Lippert, T. (T.), Liu, J. H. (J. H.), Lu, S. Q. (S. Q.), Lu, Y. S. (Y. S.), Luebelsmeyer, K. (K.), Luo, J. Z. (J. Z.), Luo, S. D. (S. D.), Luo, X. (Xi), Machate, F. (F.), Mana, C. (C.), Marin, J. (J.), Marquardt, J. (J.), Martin, T. (T.), Martinez, G. (G.), Masi, N. (N.), Maurin, D. (D.), Medvedeva, T. (T.), Menchaca-Rocha, A. (A.), Meng, Q. (Q.), Mikhailov, V. V. (V. V.), Molero, M. (M.), Mott, P. (P.), Mussolin, L. (L.), Negrete, J. (J.), Nikonov, N. (N.), Nozzoli, F. (F.), Ocampo-Peleteiro, J. (J.), Oliva, A. (A.), Orcinha, M. (M.), Ottupara, M. A. (M. A.), Palermo, M. (M.), Palmonari, F. (F.), Paniccia, M. (M.), Pashnin, A. (A.), Pauluzzi, M. (M.), Pensotti, S. (S.), Plyaskin, V. (V.), Poluianov, S. (Stepan), Qin, X. (X.), Qu, Z. Y. (Z. Y.), Quadrani, L. (L.), Rancoita, P. G. (P. G.), Rapin, D. (D.), Conde, A. R. (A. Reina), Robyn, E. (E.), Romaneehsen, L. (L.), Rozhkov, A. (A.), Rozza, D. (D.), Sagdeev, R. (R.), Schael, S. (S.), von Dratzig, A. S. (A. Schultz), Schwering, G. (G.), Seo, E. S. (E. S.), Shan, B. S. (B. S.), Siedenburg, T. (T.), Song, J. W. (J. W.), Song, X. J. (X. J.), Sonnabend, R. (R.), Strigari, L. (L.), Su, T. (T.), Sun, Q. (Q.), Sun, Z. T. (Z. T.), Tacconi, M. (M.), Tang, X. W. (X. W.), Tang, Z. C. (Z. C.), Tian, J. (J.), Tian, Y. (Y.), Ting, S. C. (Samuel C. C.), Urban, T. (T.), Usoskin, I. (Ilya), Vagelli, V. (V.), Vainio, R. (R.), Valencia-Otero, M. (M.), Valente, E. (E.), Valtonen, E. (E.), Acosta, M. V. (M. Vazquez), Vecchi, M. (M.), Velasco, M. (M.), Vialle, J. P. (J. P.), Wang, C. X. (C. X.), Wang, L. (L.), Wang, L. Q. (L. Q.), Wang, N. H. (N. H.), Wang, Q. L. (Q. L.), Wang, S. (S.), Wang, X. (X.), Wang, Y. (Yu), Wang, Z. M. (Z. M.), Wei, J. (J.), Weng, Z. L. (Z. L.), Wu, H. (H.), Wu, Y. (Y.), Xiao, J. N. (J. N.), Xiong, R. Q. (R. Q.), Xiong, X. Z. (X. Z.), Xu, W. (W.), Yan, Q. (Q.), Yang, H. T. (H. T.), Yang, Y. (Y.), Yashin, I. I. (I. I.), Yelland, A. (A.), Yi, H. (H.), You, Y. H. (Y. H.), Yu, Y. M. (Y. M.), Yu, Z. Q. (Z. Q.), Zannoni, M. (M.), Zhang, C. (C.), Zhang, F. (F.), Zhang, F. Z. (F. Z.), Zhang, J. (J.), Zhang, J. H. (J. H.), Zhang, Z. (Z.), Zhao, F. (F.), Zheng, C. (C.), Zheng, Z. M. (Z. M.), Zhuang, H. L. (H. L.), Zhukov, V. (V.), Zichichi, A. (A.), and Zuccon, P. (P.)

Abstract

We report the properties of primary cosmic-ray sulfur (S) in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.38 x 10⁶ sulfur nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment (AMS). We observed that above 90 GV the rigidity dependence of the S flux is identical to the rigidity dependence of Ne-Mg-Si fluxes, which is different from the rigidity dependence of the He-C-O-Fe fluxes. We found that, similar to N, Na, and Al cosmic rays, over the entire rigidity range, the traditional primary cosmic rays S, Ne, Mg, and C all have sizeable secondary components, and the S, Ne, and Mg fluxes are well described by the weighted sum of the primary silicon flux and the secondary fluorine flux, and the C flux is well described by the weighted sum of the primary oxygen flux and the secondary boron flux. The primary and secondary contributions of the traditional primary cosmic-ray fluxes of C, Ne, Mg, and S (even Z elements) are distinctly different from the primary and secondary contributions of the N, Na, and Al (odd Z elements) fluxes. The abundance ratio at the source for S/Si is 0.167 ± 0.006, for Ne/Si is 0.833 ± 0.025, for Mg/Si is 0.994 ± 0.029, and for C/O is 0.836 ± 0.025. These values are determined independent of cosmic-ray propagation.

Published
2023

3. Properties of Cosmic-Ray Sulfur and Determination of the Composition of Primary Cosmic-Ray Carbon, Neon, Magnesium, and Sulfur: Ten-Year Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author

Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Bagwell, C, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Belyaev, N, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Bolster, J, Borchiellini, M, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dass, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Díaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Faldi, F, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Gámez, C, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guracho, A, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Huang, B, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Karagöz, G, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lavecchia, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, H, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Liang, M, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, S, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Ocampo-Peleteiro, J, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Ottupara, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Romaneehsen, L, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schultz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Tian, Y, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Wu, Y, Xiao, J, Xiong, R, Xiong, X, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, H, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yelland, A, Yi, H, You, Y, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Bagwell, C., Barao, F., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battiston, R., Belyaev, N., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V., Bollweg, K., Bolster, J., Borchiellini, M., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Burger, W. J., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, G. R., Chen, H., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dass, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Faldi, F., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guracho, A. N., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Huang, B. W., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Karagöz, G., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Th., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krasnopevtsev, D., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., LaVecchia, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, H. L., Li, J. Q., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, Q. Y., Li, S., Li, S. L., Li, J. H., Li, Z. H., Liang, J., Liang, M. J., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, J. H., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J. Z., Luo, S. D., Luo, Xi, Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Medvedeva, T., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikhailov, V. V., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Negrete, J., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Ocampo-Peleteiro, J., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Ottupara, M. A., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Plyaskin, V., Poluianov, S., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Reina Conde, A., Robyn, E., Romaneehsen, L., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schultz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Siedenburg, T., Song, J. W., Song, X. J., Sonnabend, R., Strigari, L., Su, T., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Tian, Y., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valencia-Otero, M., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, C. X., Wang, L., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Yu, Wang, Z. M., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Wu, Y., Xiao, J. N., Xiong, R. Q., Xiong, X. Z., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, H. T., Yang, Y., Yashin, I. I., Yelland, A., Yi, H., You, Y. H., Yu, Y. M., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, C., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zuccon, P., Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Bagwell, C, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Belyaev, N, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Bolster, J, Borchiellini, M, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dass, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Díaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Faldi, F, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Gámez, C, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guracho, A, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Huang, B, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Karagöz, G, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lavecchia, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, H, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Liang, M, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, S, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Ocampo-Peleteiro, J, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Ottupara, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Romaneehsen, L, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schultz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Tian, Y, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Wu, Y, Xiao, J, Xiong, R, Xiong, X, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, H, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yelland, A, Yi, H, You, Y, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Bagwell, C., Barao, F., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battiston, R., Belyaev, N., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V., Bollweg, K., Bolster, J., Borchiellini, M., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Burger, W. J., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, G. R., Chen, H., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dass, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Faldi, F., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guracho, A. N., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Huang, B. W., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Karagöz, G., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Th., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krasnopevtsev, D., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., LaVecchia, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, H. L., Li, J. Q., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, Q. Y., Li, S., Li, S. L., Li, J. H., Li, Z. H., Liang, J., Liang, M. J., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, J. H., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J. Z., Luo, S. D., Luo, Xi, Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Medvedeva, T., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikhailov, V. V., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Negrete, J., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Ocampo-Peleteiro, J., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Ottupara, M. A., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Plyaskin, V., Poluianov, S., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Reina Conde, A., Robyn, E., Romaneehsen, L., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schultz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Siedenburg, T., Song, J. W., Song, X. J., Sonnabend, R., Strigari, L., Su, T., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Tian, Y., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valencia-Otero, M., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, C. X., Wang, L., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Yu, Wang, Z. M., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Wu, Y., Xiao, J. N., Xiong, R. Q., Xiong, X. Z., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, H. T., Yang, Y., Yashin, I. I., Yelland, A., Yi, H., You, Y. H., Yu, Y. M., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, C., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., and Zuccon, P.

Abstract

We report the properties of primary cosmic-ray sulfur (S) in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.38×106 sulfur nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment (AMS). We observed that above 90 GV the rigidity dependence of the S flux is identical to the rigidity dependence of Ne-Mg-Si fluxes, which is different from the rigidity dependence of the He-C-O-Fe fluxes. We found that, similar to N, Na, and Al cosmic rays, over the entire rigidity range, the traditional primary cosmic rays S, Ne, Mg, and C all have sizeable secondary components, and the S, Ne, and Mg fluxes are well described by the weighted sum of the primary silicon flux and the secondary fluorine flux, and the C flux is well described by the weighted sum of the primary oxygen flux and the secondary boron flux. The primary and secondary contributions of the traditional primary cosmic-ray fluxes of C, Ne, Mg, and S (even Z elements) are distinctly different from the primary and secondary contributions of the N, Na, and Al (odd Z elements) fluxes. The abundance ratio at the source for S/Si is 0.167±0.006, for Ne/Si is 0.833±0.025, for Mg/Si is 0.994±0.029, and for C/O is 0.836±0.025. These values are determined independent of cosmic-ray propagation.

Published
2023

4. Properties of Cosmic-Ray Sulfur and Determination of the Composition of Primary Cosmic-Ray Carbon, Neon, Magnesium, and Sulfur: Ten-Year Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author

Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Bagwell, C., Barao, F., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battiston, R., Belyaev, N., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindi, V., Bollweg, K., Bolster, J., Borchiellini, M., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Burger, W. J., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, G. R., Chen, H., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chouridou, S., Choutko, V., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dass, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Di Felice, V., Díaz, C., Dimiccoli, F., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Faldi, F., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Gámez, C., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gervasi, M., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guracho, A. N., Haino, S., Han, K. C., Hashmani, R. K., He, Z. H., Heber, B., Hsieh, T. H., Hu, J. Y., Huang, B. W., Incagli, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Karagöz, G., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kirn, Th., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krasnopevtsev, D., Kuhlman, A., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., LaVecchia, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Li, H. L., Li, J. Q., Li, M., Li, Q., Li, Q. Y., Li, S., Li, S. L., Li, J. H., Li, Z. H., Liang, J., Liang, M. J., Lin, C. H., Lippert, T., Liu, J. H., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, J. Z., Luo, S. D., Luo, Xi, Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Marquardt, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Medvedeva, T., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikhailov, V. V., Molero, M., Mott, P., Mussolin, L., Negrete, J., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Ocampo-Peleteiro, J., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Ottupara, M. A., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Paniccia, M., Pashnin, A., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Plyaskin, V., Poluianov, S., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Quadrani, L., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Reina Conde, A., Robyn, E., Romaneehsen, L., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schultz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Siedenburg, T., Song, J. W., Song, X. J., Sonnabend, R., Strigari, L., Su, T., Sun, Q., Sun, Z. T., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tian, J., Tian, Y., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Urban, T., Usoskin, I., Vagelli, V., Vainio, R., Valencia-Otero, M., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, C. X., Wang, L., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, S., Wang, X., Wang, Yu, Wang, Z. M., Wei, J., Weng, Z. L., Wu, H., Wu, Y., Xiao, J. N., Xiong, R. Q., Xiong, X. Z., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, H. T., Yang, Y., Yashin, I. I., Yelland, A., Yi, H., You, Y. H., Yu, Y. M., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, F. Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zheng, C., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zuccon, P., Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Bagwell, C, Barao, F, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battiston, R, Belyaev, N, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Bollweg, K, Bolster, J, Borchiellini, M, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chang, Y, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Chouridou, S, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dass, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Di Felice, V, Díaz, C, Dimiccoli, F, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Faldi, F, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Gámez, C, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gervasi, M, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guracho, A, Haino, S, Han, K, Hashmani, R, He, Z, Heber, B, Hsieh, T, Hu, J, Huang, B, Incagli, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Karagöz, G, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kirn, T, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krasnopevtsev, D, Kuhlman, A, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lavecchia, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lee, H, Lee, S, Li, H, Li, J, Li, M, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, Z, Liang, J, Liang, M, Lin, C, Lippert, T, Liu, J, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Luo, S, Luo, X, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Marquardt, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Medvedeva, T, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikhailov, V, Molero, M, Mott, P, Mussolin, L, Negrete, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Ocampo-Peleteiro, J, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Ottupara, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Paniccia, M, Pashnin, A, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Plyaskin, V, Poluianov, S, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Quadrani, L, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Reina Conde, A, Robyn, E, Romaneehsen, L, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schultz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Siedenburg, T, Song, J, Song, X, Sonnabend, R, Strigari, L, Su, T, Sun, Q, Sun, Z, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tian, J, Tian, Y, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Urban, T, Usoskin, I, Vagelli, V, Vainio, R, Valencia-Otero, M, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, C, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, S, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wei, J, Weng, Z, Wu, H, Wu, Y, Xiao, J, Xiong, R, Xiong, X, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, H, Yang, Y, Yashin, I, Yelland, A, Yi, H, You, Y, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zheng, C, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, and Zuccon, P

Subjects
FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Astrophysics and Astronomy, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Cosmic rays
Abstract

We report the properties of primary cosmic-ray sulfur (S) in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.38 × 106 sulfur nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment (AMS). We observed that above 90 GV the rigidity dependence of the S flux is identical to the rigidity dependence of Ne-Mg-Si fluxes, which is different from the rigidity dependence of the He-C-O-Fe fluxes. We found that, similar to N, Na, and Al cosmic rays, over the entire rigidity range, the traditional primary cosmic rays S, Ne, Mg, and C all have sizeable secondary components, and the S, Ne, and Mg fluxes are well described by the weighted sum of the primary silicon flux and the secondary fluorine flux, and the C flux is well described by the weighted sum of the primary oxygen flux and the secondary boron flux. The primary and secondary contributions of the traditional primary cosmic-ray fluxes of C, Ne, Mg, and S (even Z elements) are distinctly different from the primary and secondary contributions of the N, Na, and Al (odd Z elements) fluxes. The abundance ratio at the source for S/Si is 0.167±0.006, for Ne/Si is 0.833±0.025, for Mg/Si is 0.994±0.029, and for C/O is 0.836±0.025. These values are determined independent of cosmic-ray propagation.

Published
2023

10. OFDMA uplink performance for interactive wireless broadcasting

Author

You, Y.-H., Jeon, W.-G., Wee, J.-W., Kim, Sang-Tae, Hwang, Intae, and Song, H.-K.

Subjects
Mobile communication systems -- Research, Wireless communication systems -- Research, Wireless technology, Business, Electronics, Mass communications
Abstract

A combination of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) called OFDMA is regarded as a promising solution for improving the performance of interactive wireless broadcasting systems. This work focuses on the performance of OFDM when used as a modulation and access technique for the uplink of an interactive wireless broadcasting system. In such an application, we present our investigations of the effects of symbol timing misalignments and peak-to-average power ratio (PAR). Under the condition of the same side information bits, the selective mapping (SLM) approach can be implemented by decimating OFDM samples, which is less complex compared to the ordinary SLM incurring a slight degradation of the PAR performance. Taking into account the effects of clipping operation and symbol timing misalignment, the bit error rate (BER) and throughput performances are investigated for a typical OFDMA uplink scenario. Index Terms--Interactive broadcasting, OFDM, OFDMA, peak-to-average power ratio (PAR), selective mapping (SLM), symbol timing misalignment.

Published
2005

18. Performance enhancement of DVB-RCT systems for interactive wireless broadcasting

Author

You, Y.-H., Song, Byoung-Chul, Park, Yong-Kuk, Kim, Jin-Tae, and Choi, Y.-S.

Subjects
Broadcasting -- Research, Business, Electronics and electrical industries, Engineering and manufacturing industries
Abstract

Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA), which is a combination of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with frequency-division multiple access (FDMA), is regarded as a promising solution for enhancing the performance of interactive broadcasting wireless systems. This paper presents our investigation for the impacts of symbol timing errors and peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) on OFDMA-based interactive broadcasting systems. Under the condition of the same side information bits, the selective mapping (SLM) approach can be implemented by decimating OFDM samples, which is less complex compared to the ordinary SLM incurring a slight degradation of the PAR performance. Including the effects of clipping operation and symbol timing misalignment, the bit error rate (BER) performance is investigated for a typical OFDMA uplink scenario. Index Terms--Broadcasting, OFDM, OFDMA, selective mapping, peak-to-average power ratio, symbol timing error

Published
2004

30. The effects of surface finish and grain size on the strength of sintered silicon carbide

Author

You, Y. H, Kim, Y. W, Lee, J. G, and Kim, C. H

Subjects
Composite Materials
Abstract

The effects of surface treatment and microstructure, especially abnormal grain growth, on the strength of sintered SiC were studied. The surfaces of sintered SiC were treated with 400, 800 and 1200 grit diamond wheels. Grain growth was induced by increasing the sintering times at 2050 C. The beta to alpha transformation occurred during the sintering of beta-phase starting materials and was often accompanied by abnormal grain growth. The overall strength distributions were established using Weibull statistics. The strength of the sintered SiC is limited by extrinsic surface flaws in normal-sintered specimens. The finer the surface finish and grain size, the higher the strength. But the strength of abnormal sintering specimens is limited by the abnormally grown large tabular grains. The Weibull modulus increases with decreasing grain size and decreasing grit size for grinding.

Published
1985

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