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2. Metaniche session 2016: Tailor-made sensors for rapid Therapeutic Drug Monitoring –Interactions between Biomaterial Physicists, Chemical Engineers and Clinicians for successful translation of technologies in Healthcare

Author

Yoshimi Y, Pushkala S, Vijaykumar H, Dedeepiya VD, Ignacy A, Swaminathan J, Rajmohan M, Karthick R, and Abraham SJ

Subjects
Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

The Metaniche session is an academic session conducted as a part of Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM)’s novel Initiatives' Conclave in Healthcare Every year (NICHE), the ‘NCRM NICHE’ organized every year in the month of October by Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), an Indo-Japan academic Institute based at Chennai, India. The Metaniche session aims to bring together the realms of Physics, Chemistry and Biology by portraying inventions or discoveries in physical and chemical sciences which are in the pipeline with high application potential in biology and healthcare. The Metaniche session-2016, held on 22nd October, 2016 in Chennai, India was on the application of biomaterial-based sensors for application in rapid therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) systems. The session focussed on the role of biomaterials in medicine giving an overview and history of the evolution of biomaterials to suit the growing needs in medicine, followed by emphasizing the need for rapid TDM systems. The final part portrayed the development of tailor-made sensors for rapid TDM using molecularly imprinted polymers as given below. Biomaterials and Medicine It has been always medical practitioners coming first to identify the need to lead themselves and others towards the best therapy. When patient services emerged, the clinicians themselves were everybody. Dr Gibbon, when he did his first open heart case in 1950’s, he was the perfusionist and perhaps anaesthetist too. To get into its (bio) materials, through a case study, let us take a review of a simple clinical procedure. Wound closure through suturing. Its tribology matrix highlighted below (Figure 1), sketches its journey, clinical demands, scientific solutions and biomaterials thereof. The bottom line, best is still (re)searched.

Published
2016

34. In Situ Control of Cell Adhesion Using Photoresponsive Culture Surface

Author

Edahiro, J., Sumaru, K., Tada, Y., Ohi, K., Takagi, T., Kameda, M., Shinbo, T., Kanamori, T., and Yoshimi, Y.

Abstract

A photoresponsive culture surface (PRCS) allowing photocontrol of cell adhesion was prepared with a novel polymer material composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) having spiropyran chromophores as side chains. Cell adhesion of the surface was drastically enhanced by the irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light (wavelength:  365 nm); after subsequent cooling and washing on ice, many cells remained in the irradiated region, whereas most cells were removed from the nonirradiated region. The cell adhesion of the PRCS, which had been enhanced by previous UV irradiation, was reset by the visible light irradiation (wavelength 400−440 nm) and the annealing at 37 °C for 2 h. Also it was confirmed that the regional control of cell adhesion was induced several times by repeating the same series of operations. Further, living cell patterning with the 200 μm line width was produced readily by projecting UV light along a micropattern on the PRCS on which the living cells had been seeded uniformly in advance. By using a fluorescent probe that stains living cells only, it was confirmed that the cells maintained sufficient viability even after UV light irradiation followed by cooling and washing.

Published
2005

39. A Ring Torsion Apparatus for Evaluating Friction Between Soil and Metal Surfaces

Author

Yoshimi, Y and Kishida, T

Abstract

A ring torsion apparatus was used to evaluate friction between-dry sand and a steel surface over wide ranges of surface roughness and sand density. The deformation of sand near the steel surface was observed by X-radiography. The apparatus is suitable for evaluating skin friction under well-defined test conditions. The test results show that frictional resistance is primarily governed by the roughness of the steel surface, irrespective of the density of the sand.

Published
1981
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42. Liquefaction Potential Evaluation for the Messina Straits Crossing by Field and Laboratory Testing

Author

Pelli, F., Tokimatsu, K., Yoshimi, Y., D' Appolonia, E., Pelli, F., Tokimatsu, K., Yoshimi, Y., and D' Appolonia, E.

Abstract

The method adopted for the evaluation of the soil liquefaction potential in the Messina Straits, Italy, is presented and the results are discussed. The study was carried out for the design of three submerged floating tunnels linking Sicily to the Italian mainland. The method is based on a combined approach where field measurements are used to partly re-create the original soil fabric in the specimens for cyclic laboratory tests. The method is suitable for offshore investigations where recovery of truly undisturbed samples is hardly possible. The results show that in this way a much higher resistance to liquefaction is predicted than from conventional laboratory tests. The results of indirect methods based only on CPT records or shear wave velocity measurements in the field are presented first, and their limitations that led to the selection of an improved laboratory testing program are outlined.

43. Field Correlation of Soil Liquefaction with SPT and Grain Size

Author

Tokimatsu, K., Yoshimi, Y., Tokimatsu, K., and Yoshimi, Y.

Abstract

Two earthquakes of magnitudes 6.7 and 7.4 that occurred in 1978 off the Pacific coast of Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, provided field liquefaction data for a fairly wide range of peak ground surface acceleration from 100 to 290 gal. The range of SPT N-values was also fairly wide because special efforts were made to collect non-liquefaction data in addition to liquefaction data. Dynamic shear stress ratios adjusted for earthquake magnitudes and effective overburden pressures are plotted against N-values adjusted for effective overburden pressures. The field data are compared with two methods proposed recently, one by Seed and the other by Iwasaki et al, after a critical review of the methods and the SPT's in the U.S. and Japan. The method by Seed tended to underestimate the resistance to liquefaction for small N-values, particularly for silty sands; whereas the method by Iwasaki et al tended to underestimate the resistance to liquefaction for large N-values.

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