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核融合原型炉には、大量の金属材料が使われ、その中には、レアメタルも多く含まれている。特に核融合炉ブランケットに装荷される増殖機能材料であるベリリウム金属間化合物（ベリライド）及びチタン酸リチウム（Li2TiO3）は、各々約500トン及び約300トン装荷され、およそ4年ごとの交換が想定されている。しかしながら、ブランケット交換時期においては、ベリライドの中性子増倍反応によるHe生成率は、2％程度で、チタン酸リチウムと中性子の核反応による6Li燃焼度は、約20％であり、多くの材料が残ることから、ベリライド及びチタン酸リチウムのリサイクル技術開発は重要課題である。量研では、化学処理とマイクロ波加熱の複合化により、環境親和性を有する新たな低温精製技術の開発に世界で初めて成功している。本発表では、この技術を活用し、増殖機能材料におけるリサイクル技術検討の結果について、報告する。, 第14回核融合エネルギー連合講演会

本発表は、科研費の研究テーマである使用済み機器のリサイクル技術開発研究の一環として、実施した中性子増倍材であるベリリウムと構造材の異材接合特性及び、その溶解技術検討に関するものであり、ITER-TBM及び原型炉研究にも有用な結果であるため、発表に値する。, 日本原子力学会2022年春の大会

The effects of 26 trihaloacetylazulene derivatives on nitric oxide (NO) production by the mouse macrophage-like Raw 264.7 cells was investigated. The trichloroacetylazulenes [1b-13b] generally showed higher cytotoxicity as compared with the corresponding trifluoroacetylazulenes [1a-13a]. All the compounds inhibited NO production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated Raw 264.7 cells to various extents. 3-Trifluoroacetylguaiazulene [8a], 1-trifluoroacetyl-4,6,8-trimethylazulene [10a], 3-methyl-l-trichloroacetylazulene [2b] and 3-ethyl-1-trichloroacetylazulene [3b] showed lower cytotoxic activity and most effectively inhibited NO production. Western blot analysis revealed that compounds [8a, 1Oal dose-dependently reduced the intracellular concentration of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), whereas compounds [2b, 3b] only marginally affected the iNOS protein expression. RT-PCR analysis showed that compounds [8a, 2b] reduced the iNOS mRNA expression by approximately 50%. These compounds affected cyclooxygenase-2 protein and mRNA expression, depending on the concentrations. ESR spectroscopy revealed that compounds [8a, 10a, 2b, 3b] neither produced radical, nor scavenged NO, superoxide anion or diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. The present study showed the inhibitory effects of trifluoroacetylazulenes and trichloroacetylazulenes on NO production by activated macrophages.

Twenty-six trihaloacetylazulene derivatives were investigated for their tumor-specific cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing activity against three human normal cells (HGF, HPC, HPLF) and four human tumor cell lines (HSC-2, HSC-3, HSC-4, HL-60). The trichloroacetylazulenes [1b-13b] generally showed higher cytotoxicity as compared to the corresponding trifluoroacetylazulenes [1a-13a]. The trichloroacetylazulenes [1b-13b] also showed higher tumor-specific cytotoxicity (expressed as TS value) than the corresponding trifluoroacetylazulenes [1a-13a]. Especially, 2,3-dimethyl-1-trichloroacetylazulene [5b] and 1,3-ditrichloroacetyl-4,6,8-trimethylazulene [11b] showed the highest cytotoxicity and tumor specificity (TS35.6 and44.1, respectively). These compounds induced internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells, but not in HSC-2 and HSC-3 cells, but activated caspase-3, -8 and -9 in all of these cells, suggesting the activation of both mitochondria-independent (extrinsic) and dependent (intrinsic) pathways. Western blot analysis showed that two compounds [5b, 11b] slightly increased the intracellular concentration of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bad, Bax) in HSC-2 cells. None of the 26 compounds showed anti-HIV activity. These results suggest [5b] and [11b] as possible candidates for future cancer chemotherapy.