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8. THE PIG DIG: A MOCK CRIME SCENE EXERCISE FOR A FORENSIC ARCHAEOLOGY FIELD SCHOOL.

Author

Spurlock, Linda, Whitman, Linda, and York, Heather

Subjects
MOCK trials, CRIME scenes, FORENSIC archaeology
Abstract

An archaeological field school based on excavation of pig burials provides many advantages to both students and instructors. Students conduct a surface survey to find the burials and excavate complex features utilizing all the standard techniques of field archaeology. Because the burials are interpreted as unnatural deaths, students must follow many lines of evidence to answer the questions "What can we deduce about the identity of the victim?" and "What might have been the manner and cause of death?" Instructors are not absolutely certain what students will find, as some "evidence" may not have been preserved, but know that many bones will come back to the lab for cleaning and analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018

14. Understanding VIDEO CAPTIONING rules.

Author

York, Heather

Subjects
TELEVISION broadcasting, BROADCASTING industry, TELEVISION stations, CLOSED captioning, SERVICES for the hearing impaired, SERVICES for the deaf
Abstract

Discusses the rules on captioning of television programming in the United States. Requirement that all non-exempt programming be captioned by January 1, 2006; Assistive technology designed to provide access to television for people with hearing disabilities; Differences between real and offline captioning; Newsroom captioning; Emergency information. INSETS: Selecting a caption service provider;Know the rules.

Published
2005

17. Cluster analysis reveals four consumer segments in solar water heater market.

Author

York, Heather S. and Keener, M. Lynne

Subjects
SOLAR water heaters, CLUSTER analysis (Statistics), MARKET segmentation, CONSUMERS, CERTIFICATION, RANDOM variables
Abstract

The article presents the results of a cluster analysis which identified four consumer segments in the solar water heater market in the U.S. The project involves the design, installation. certification, and low-interest financing of solar water heaters to replace electrical-resistance water heaters. Four market segments emerged from cluster analysis: the Aspirants, the Established, the Comfortable, and the Affluent. Minorities were conspicuous by their absence from all four groups; each segment was at least 96% white.

Published
1982

18. HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS, VAGINAL CYTOLOGY AND DIET: VARIATIONS DURING REPRODUCTION IN SEBA’S SHORT-TAILED FRUIT BAT

Author

Bohlender, Erin, Stevens, Richard D., Perez-Torres, Jairo, Chilton, Beverly S., Perry, Gad, York, Heather, and Griffis-Kyle, Kerry L.

Subjects
Vaginal cytology, Hormone concentrations, Reproduction, Bats, Estrogen, Progesterone, Diet
Abstract

Many factors influence the reproduction and fitness of organisms but lack extensive research. Reproductive endocrinology influences the estrous cycle of mammals, and consequently, their ability to bear and rear young. Moreover, dietary decisions made to satisfy nutritional requirements during pregnancy and lactation can impact development of offspring. Female physiological or dietary strategies, if compromised, may lead to unsuccessful reproduction. Due to cost and difficulties obtaining and preserving biological samples, reproductive endocrinology remains poorly studied in most free-ranging organisms. This study is one of the first to examine differences in fecal hormone (progesterone and estrogen) metabolites at different reproductive stages and in particular to determine the probability that a female bat (Seba’s short-tailed fruit bat, Carollia perspicillata) is in putative metestrus or pregnancy by correlating vaginal cytology with hormone metabolites. Fifty-five females collected throughout the reproductive season were examined for the presence of a conceptus. Furthermore, populations of cells (superficial, intermediate, and parabasal cells) in exfoliate vaginal cytology were quantified for each individual. Progesterone and estrogen concentrations increased from estrus through early pregnancy and then decreased into late pregnancy. From late pregnancy to early lactation progesterone levels continued to decrease, whereas estrogen levels increased. A logistic regression indicated that progesterone and estrogen concentrations and parabasal cell proportions were not significant predictors of whether a female was pregnant or in putative metestrus. Superficial cell proportions were highest during putative metestrus and were an effective predictor of this phase of the reproductive cycle. Reproductive status can influence dietary choices and foraging behavior. Generally, pregnancy and lactation are energetically expensive. Whereas energy availability may be one of the main precursors to reproductive success, nutrients such as calcium and nitrogen can also limit reproduction. Since energy and nutrient costs are high during reproduction, foraging strategies or choices of particular dietary items may be critical for survival of both mother and offspring. The goal of this study was to analyze dietary variation and consumption of nitrogen-rich and calcium-rich items during different reproductive stages in Seba’s short-tailed fruit bat (Carollia perspicillata). Dietary analysis was done on fecal samples from males, non-pregnant, pregnant, and lactating females at the Macaregua Cave in Santander (Colombia). Diets were similar among males, non-pregnant, and pregnant females, but lactating females had the most distinct diet. All groups were general in their diets, eating a wide variety of items. Nitrogen-rich items, such as Piper and insects, were not prevalent within the diet of pregnant bats, while Piper aduncum exceeded expected frequencies in the diets of lactating bats. Pregnant females may not be nitrogen limited and may be able to satisfy the requirement with fruits that are low in protein. Lactating females may have a more difficult time fulfilling the nitrogen requirement and must consume Piper. Calcium-rich Ficus was not common or found in the diets of lactating or pregnant bats, therefore, calcium requirements must have been satisfied through other avenues.

Published
2016

19. Advocating for advocacy in pediatrics: supporting lifelong career trajectories.

Author

Shah SI and Brumberg HL

Subjects
Career Choice, Child, Cooperative Behavior, Curriculum trends, Education, Medical trends, Education, Medical, Continuing, Humans, Interdisciplinary Communication, Physician's Role, Policy Making, United States, Child Advocacy education, Child Advocacy legislation & jurisprudence, Child Welfare legislation & jurisprudence, Pediatrics education, Pediatrics legislation & jurisprudence
Published
2014
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20. Sexual orientation disparities in cancer-related risk behaviors of tobacco, alcohol, sexual behaviors, and diet and physical activity: pooled Youth Risk Behavior Surveys.

Author

Rosario M, Corliss HL, Everett BG, Reisner SL, Austin SB, Buchting FO, and Birkett M

Subjects
Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Age Factors, Binge Drinking epidemiology, Diet, Exercise, Female, Humans, Male, Sex, Sexual Behavior ethnology, Sexual Behavior statistics & numerical data, Sexuality ethnology, Smoking epidemiology, Socioeconomic Factors, United States epidemiology, Health Behavior, Neoplasms epidemiology, Risk-Taking, Sexuality statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Objectives: We examined sexual orientation disparities in cancer-related risk behaviors among adolescents., Methods: We pooled data from the 2005 and 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. We classified youths with any same-sex orientation as sexual minority and the remainder as heterosexual. We compared the groups on risk behaviors and stratified by gender, age (< 15 years and > 14 years), and race/ethnicity., Results: Sexual minorities (7.6% of the sample) reported more risk behaviors than heterosexuals for all 12 behaviors (mean = 5.3 vs 3.8; P < .001) and for each risk behavior: odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 1.4) to 4.0 (95% CI = 3.6, 4.7), except for a diet low in fruit and vegetables (OR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5, 0.8). We found sexual orientation disparities in analyses by gender, followed by age, and then race/ethnicity; they persisted in analyses by gender, age, and race/ethnicity, although findings were nuanced., Conclusions: Data on cancer risk, morbidity, and mortality by sexual orientation are needed to track the potential but unknown burden of cancer among sexual minorities.

Published
2014
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21. The need for a systematic approach to statin switching: an analysis of real-world experience.

Author

Kakavas PW, McManus JL, Wolfe TA, Guidry T, Flores DN, Ter Riet LB, Glover JJ, and Sell H

Subjects
Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Cholesterol, LDL blood, Drug Substitution standards, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors therapeutic use
Abstract

Background: In the advent of generic statins becoming increasingly available and with the recent addition of atorvastatin to the generic market, healthcare providers are often encouraged by payers to switch from a branded statin to an alternate, less costly agent., Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of a therapeutic switch on cholesterol goal attainment among patients with existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or risk factors for CVD., Study Design: A cross-sectional, multisite retrospective review of patient records evaluating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) control before and after switching statins was conducted., Methods: Participants were 18 to 89 years olds who were stable on statin therapy and had 1 or more risk factors for CVD. Patients meeting switch criteria (n = 833) were evaluated for changes in their statin therapy and LDL-C goal attainment. Drug/dose information, cholesterol values, and goal attainment in accordance with National Cholesterol Education Panel Third Adult Treatment Panel guidelines were determined before and after the switch. Dose potency was based on mean LDL-C reductions., Results: Data were collected from 22 US sites. Risk factors for CVD were common, with 88.5% of patients identified as high risk. Overall, patients' mean LDL-C levels improved from 87.1 to 81.5 mg/dL, and goal attainment increased from 75.5% to 82.5% (P < .05). Switches to a comparable or higher statin/dose improved mean LDL-C and goal attainment (P < .05). However, in patients transitioned to a lower statin/dose equivalency (36.4%), mean LDL-C level increased from 79.8 to 85.6 mg/dL and goal attainment fell from 84.2% to 78.6% (P < .05). Logistic regression confirmed that LDL-C goal attainment was reduced by 53% in patients switched to a lower statin/dose (odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.30-0.76; P = .002) compared with patients switched to an equipotent dose. The use of adjunctive lipid-lowering therapies increased in patients switched to a lower statin/dose (P < .05)., Conclusions: Cholesterol values and goal attainment can be negatively impacted when a systematic approach is not used and patients are switched to lower potency therapies.

Published
2013
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