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Abstract Background Studies have shown that prolonged television watching increases obesity risk among children. However, few studies examined the associations with other types of screen time, such as computer and smartphone use, using a prospective cohort study design. Further, little is known about the specific non-screen time activity that may yield the most benefits when reallocating screen time to other activities. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort analysis using 3-year follow-up data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018 (n = 2,023; 4th grade elementary students who were not obese at baseline). Average time spent watching television, using computer and smartphone, and other after-school activities were self-reported at baseline. Weight and height were also self-reported at baseline and follow-up surveys through 2021. We performed multivariable logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between screen time and obesity incidence, adjusting for potential confounders. We also performed isotemporal substitution models to examine the associations of reallocating screen time to other non-screen time activities (physical activity, sleeping, hanging out with friends, reading, studying, and chatting with parents) in an equal time-exchange manner. Results Longer combined screen time (≥ 240 vs.

Abstract Background Studies have shown that aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activities reduce mortality risk. However, little is known about the joint associations of the two activity types and whether other type of physical activity, such as flexibility activity, can provide similar mortality risk reduction. Objectives We examined the independent associations of aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and flexibility physical activities with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a population-based prospective cohort of Korean men and women. We also examined the joint associations of aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities, the two physical activity types that are recommended by the current World Health Organization physical activity guidelines. Design This analysis included 34,379 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2013 participants (aged 20–79 years) with mortality data linkage through December 31, 2019. Engagement in walking, aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and flexibility physical activities was self-reported at baseline. Cox proportional hazards model was performed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for potential confounders. Results Flexibility physical activity (≥ 5 vs. 0 d/wk) was inversely associated with all-cause (HR [95% CI] = 0.80 [0.70–0.92]; P-trend

Background/Aims Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells shed from either the primary tumor or its metastases, and they are regarded as the source of tumor recurrence and metastasis representing a poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Thus, CTCs could provide a noninvasive alternative for diagnosis and assessment of the patient's stage and type of pancreatic cancer. In the present study, we investigated whether repeated collection and analysis of CTCs could be used to monitor disease progression or response to chemotherapy in PDAC patients. Methods Peripheral blood samples were serially collected before and after chemotherapy. To isolate CTCs from the millions of other blood cells, we used a lab-on-a-disc system equipped with fluid-assisted separation technology. Isolated CTCs from 3 mL of blood were immune-stained with EpCAM, cytokeratin, CD45, plectin-1 and DAPI, and then enumerated by using Bioview's automated imaging system. Results Total of 68 PDAC patients were enrolled as study patients. The median age of study patient was 67 years old and the median OS of study patients was 2.87 months. The clinical staging of study patients was the following; I (A, B) 5, II (A, B) 3, III 22 IV 38. The study patients received Gemcitabine based regimen FOLFIRNOX or TS-1 and the 14 patients (20.5%) could not receive chemotherapy due to the patients' wishes, old age or poor performance status. CTC were detected in 53 (78%) patients at the time of diagnosis. The number of CTCs dropped after 1st cycle of chemotherapy was observed in 38 patients (70%). Conclusions Understanding the biology and genetics of CTCs "cancer cells in transit" may give us unique insights into the mechanisms behind metastasis. Identification of CTC in peripheral venous circulation may allow us to characterize genomic signature of individual patient by a simple blood draw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]