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1. Two-temperature treatments in magnetically arrested disk GRMHD simulations more accurately predict light curves of Sagittarius A*

Author: Salas, León, Liska, Matthew, Markoff, Sera, Chatterjee, Koushik, Musoke, Gibwa, Porth, Oliver, Ripperda, Bart, Yoon, Doosoo, and Mulaudzi, Wanga
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (EHTC) observed the Galactic centre source Sgr A* and used emission models primarily based on single ion temperature (1T) general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations. This predicted emission is strongly dependent on a modelled prescription of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio. The two most promising models are magnetically arrested disk (MAD) states. However, these and nearly all MAD models exhibit greater light-curve variability at 230 GHz compared to historical observations. Moreover, no model successfully passes all the variability and multiwavelength constraints. This limitation possibly stems from the fact that the actual temperature ratio depends on microphysical dissipation, radiative processes and other effects not captured in ideal fluid simulations. Therefore, we investigate the effects of two-temperature (2T) thermodynamics in MAD GRMHD simulations of Sgr A*, where the temperatures of both species are evolved more self-consistently. We include Coulomb coupling, radiative cooling of electrons, and model heating via magnetic reconnection. We find that the light-curve variability more closely matches historical observations when we include the 2T treatment and variable adiabatic indices, compared to 1T simulations. Contrary to the common assumption of neglecting radiative cooling for the low accretion rates of Sgr A*, we also find that radiative cooling still affects the accretion flow, reducing the electron temperature in the inner disk by about 10%, which in turn lowers both the average flux and variability at 230 GHz by roughly 10%.
Published: 2024

2. First Very Long Baseline Interferometry Detections at 870{\mu}m

Author: Raymond, Alexander W., Doeleman, Sheperd S., Asada, Keiichi, Blackburn, Lindy, Bower, Geoffrey C., Bremer, Michael, Broguiere, Dominique, Chen, Ming-Tang, Crew, Geoffrey B., Dornbusch, Sven, Fish, Vincent L., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Goddi, Ciriaco, Han, Chih-Chiang, Hecht, Michael H., Huang, Yau-De, Janssen, Michael, Keating, Garrett K., Koay, Jun Yi, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Lo, Wen-Ping, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Moran, James M., Norton, Timothy J., Patel, Nimesh, Pesce, Dominic W., Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Sánchez, Salvador, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Wagner, Jan, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wielgus, Maciek, Young, André, Akiyama, Kazunori, Albentosa-Ruíz, Ezequiel, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L., Boyce, Hope, Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chang, Dominic O., Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S., Conway, John E., Crawford, Thomas M., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Dahale, Rohan, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Dhruv, Vedant, Dihingia, Indu K., Dzib, Sergio A., Eatough, Ralph P., Emami, Razieh, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fomalont, Edward, Fontana, Anne-Laure, Ford, H. Alyson, Foschi, Marianna, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., Georgiev, Boris, Gold, Roman, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gómez, José L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Hesper, Ronald, Heumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Jones, Adam C., Joshi, Abhishek V., Jung, Taehyun, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Joana A., Kramer, Michael, Kubo, Derek, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, La Bella, Noemi, Lee, Sang-Sung, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., Lowitz, Amy E., Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mahieu, Sylvain, Maier, Doris, Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Montgomery, Joshua, Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Mulaudzi, Wanga, Müller, Cornelia, Müller, Hendrik, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Ni, Chunchong, Nowak, Michael A., Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Sánchez, Héctor Raúl Olivares, Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Pen, Ue-Li, Piétu, Vincent, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Prather, Ben, Principe, Giacomo, Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Raffin, Philippe A., Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Ros, Eduardo, Roshanineshat, Arash, Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfeld, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Salas, León David Sosapanta, Souccar, Kamal, Srinivasan, Ranjani, Stanway, Joshua S., Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Toma, Kenji, Toscano, Teresa, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Vos, Jesse, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Washington, Jasmin E., Wharton, Robert, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F., Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yadlapalli, Nitika, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yfantis, Aristomenis, Yoon, Doosoo, Younsi, Ziri, Yu, Wei, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The first very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) detections at 870$\mu$m wavelength (345$\,$GHz frequency) are reported, achieving the highest diffraction-limited angular resolution yet obtained from the surface of the Earth, and the highest-frequency example of the VLBI technique to date. These include strong detections for multiple sources observed on inter-continental baselines between telescopes in Chile, Hawaii, and Spain, obtained during observations in October 2018. The longest-baseline detections approach 11$\,$G$\lambda$ corresponding to an angular resolution, or fringe spacing, of 19$\mu$as. The Allan deviation of the visibility phase at 870$\mu$m is comparable to that at 1.3$\,$mm on the relevant integration time scales between 2 and 100$\,$s. The detections confirm that the sensitivity and signal chain stability of stations in the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) array are suitable for VLBI observations at 870$\mu$m. Operation at this short wavelength, combined with anticipated enhancements of the EHT, will lead to a unique high angular resolution instrument for black hole studies, capable of resolving the event horizons of supermassive black holes in both space and time., Comment: Corresponding author: S. Doeleman
Published: 2024
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3. A search for pulsars around Sgr A* in the first Event Horizon Telescope dataset

Author: Torne, Pablo, Liu, Kuo, Eatough, Ralph P., Wongphechauxsorn, Jompoj, Cordes, James M., Desvignes, Gregory, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Kramer, Michael, Ransom, Scott M., Chatterjee, Shami, Wharton, Robert, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Blackburn, Lindy, Janssen, Michael, Chan, Chi-kwan, Crew, Geoffrey B., Matthews, Lynn D., Goddi, Ciriaco, Rottmann, Helge, Wagner, Jan, Sanchez, Salvador, Ruiz, Ignacio, Abbate, Federico, Bower, Geoffrey C., Salamanca, Juan J., Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Herrera-Aguilar, Alfredo, Jiang, Wu, Lu, Ru-Sen, Pen, Ue-Li, Raymond, Alexander W., Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Paubert, Gabriel, Sanchez-Portal, Miguel, Kramer, Carsten, Castillo, Manuel, Navarro, Santiago, John, David, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Johnson, Michael D., Rygl, Kazi L. J., Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bauboeck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Ceccobello, Chiara, Chael, Andrew, Chang, Dominic O., Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S., Conway, John E., Crawford, Thomas M., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Dahale, Rohan, Davelaar, Jordy, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Dexter, Jason, Dhruv, Vedant, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Dougal, Sean, Dzib, Sergio A., Emami, Razieh, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Foschi, Marianna, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., Garcia, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Gold, Roman, Gomez, Jose L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Haworth, Kari, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Heumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Jeter, Britton, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jorstad, Svetlana, Joshi, Abhishek V., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koyama, Shoko, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, La Bella, Noemi, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Daeyoung, Lee, Sang-Sung, Leung, Po Kin, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Michalik, Daniel, Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Muller, Cornelia, Muller, Hendrik, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Hector, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Ozel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Patel, Nimesh, Pesce, Dominic W., Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Potzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Roshanineshat, Arash, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Sanchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfeld, Jonathan, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Souccar, Kamal, Sun, He, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toscano, Teresa, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Vos, Jesse, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F., Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yadlapalli, Nitika, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yfantis, Aristomenis, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, Andre, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yu, Wei, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed in 2017 the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), at a frequency of 228.1 GHz ($\lambda$=1.3 mm). The fundamental physics tests that even a single pulsar orbiting Sgr A* would enable motivate searching for pulsars in EHT datasets. The high observing frequency means that pulsars - which typically exhibit steep emission spectra - are expected to be very faint. However, it also negates pulse scattering, an effect that could hinder pulsar detections in the Galactic Center. Additionally, magnetars or a secondary inverse Compton emission could be stronger at millimeter wavelengths than at lower frequencies. We present a search for pulsars close to Sgr A* using the data from the three most-sensitive stations in the EHT 2017 campaign: the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, the Large Millimeter Telescope and the IRAM 30 m Telescope. We apply three detection methods based on Fourier-domain analysis, the Fast-Folding-Algorithm and single pulse search targeting both pulsars and burst-like transient emission; using the simultaneity of the observations to confirm potential candidates. No new pulsars or significant bursts were found. Being the first pulsar search ever carried out at such high radio frequencies, we detail our analysis methods and give a detailed estimation of the sensitivity of the search. We conclude that the EHT 2017 observations are only sensitive to a small fraction ($\lesssim$2.2%) of the pulsars that may exist close to Sgr A*, motivating further searches for fainter pulsars in the region., Comment: 33 pages, 7 figures, 6 Tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2023

4. Comparison of Polarized Radiative Transfer Codes used by the EHT Collaboration

Author: Prather, Ben S., Dexter, Jason, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Pu, Hung-Yi, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Davelaar, Jordy, Younsi, Ziri, Gammie, Charles F., Gold, Roman, Wong, George N., Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Ceccobello, Chiara, Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chang, Dominic O., Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S., Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dhruv, Vedant, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Dougal, Sean, Dzib, Sergio A., Eatough, Ralph P., Emami, Razieh, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gómez, José L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Haworth, Kari, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Heumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Joshi, Abhishek V., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, La Bella, Noemi, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Daeyoung, Lee, Sang-Sung, Leung, Po Kin, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Michalik, Daniel, Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Müller, Cornelia, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfeld, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Souccar, Kamal, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Vos, Jesse, Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F., Wu, Qingwen, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yfantis, Aristomenis, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Yu, Wei, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Interpretation of resolved polarized images of black holes by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) requires predictions of the polarized emission observable by an Earth-based instrument for a particular model of the black hole accretion system. Such predictions are generated by general relativistic radiative transfer (GRRT) codes, which integrate the equations of polarized radiative transfer in curved spacetime. A selection of ray-tracing GRRT codes used within the EHT collaboration is evaluated for accuracy and consistency in producing a selection of test images, demonstrating that the various methods and implementations of radiative transfer calculations are highly consistent. When imaging an analytic accretion model, we find that all codes produce images similar within a pixel-wise normalized mean squared error (NMSE) of 0.012 in the worst case. When imaging a snapshot from a cell-based magnetohydrodynamic simulation, we find all test images to be similar within NMSEs of 0.02, 0.04, 0.04, and 0.12 in Stokes I, Q, U , and V respectively. We additionally find the values of several image metrics relevant to published EHT results to be in agreement to much better precision than measurement uncertainties., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2023
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5. Event Horizon Telescope observations of the jet launching and collimation in Centaurus A

Author: Janssen, Michael, Falcke, Heino, Kadler, Matthias, Ros, Eduardo, Wielgus, Maciek, Akiyama, Kazunori, Baloković, Mislav, Blackburn, Lindy, Bouman, Katherine L., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Koushik, Davelaar, Jordy, Edwards, Philip G., Fromm, Christian M., Gómez, José L., Goddi, Ciriaco, Issaoun, Sara, Johnson, Michael D., Kim, Junhan, Koay, Jun Yi, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Liu, Jun, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Markoff, Sera, Markowitz, Alex, Marrone, Daniel P., Mizuno, Yosuke, Müller, Cornelia, Ni, Chunchong, Pesce, Dominic W., Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Roelofs, Freek, Rygl, Kazi L. J., van Bemmel, Ilse, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Barrett, John, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blundell, Raymond, Boland, Wilfred, Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Chesler, Paul M., Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gelles, Zachary, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Gold, Roman, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Himwich, Elizabeth, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kino, Motoki, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Levis, Aviad, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Liu, Kuo, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Musoke, Gibwa, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Rogers, Alan, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of active galactic nuclei at millimeter wavelengths have the power to reveal the launching and initial collimation region of extragalactic radio jets, down to $10-100$ gravitational radii ($r_g=GM/c^2$) scales in nearby sources. Centaurus A is the closest radio-loud source to Earth. It bridges the gap in mass and accretion rate between the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in Messier 87 and our galactic center. A large southern declination of $-43^{\circ}$ has however prevented VLBI imaging of Centaurus A below ${\lambda}1$cm thus far. Here, we show the millimeter VLBI image of the source, which we obtained with the Event Horizon Telescope at $228$GHz. Compared to previous observations, we image Centaurus A's jet at a tenfold higher frequency and sixteen times sharper resolution and thereby probe sub-lightday structures. We reveal a highly-collimated, asymmetrically edge-brightened jet as well as the fainter counterjet. We find that Centaurus A's source structure resembles the jet in Messier 87 on ${\sim}500r_g$ scales remarkably well. Furthermore, we identify the location of Centaurus A's SMBH with respect to its resolved jet core at ${\lambda}1.3$mm and conclude that the source's event horizon shadow should be visible at THz frequencies. This location further supports the universal scale invariance of black holes over a wide range of masses., Comment: 27 pages, 9 figures. This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Nature Astronomy. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-021-01417-w
Published: 2021
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6. The Variability of the Black-Hole Image in M87 at the Dynamical Time Scale

Author: Satapathy, Kaushik, Psaltis, Dimitrios, Ozel, Feryal, Medeiros, Lia, Dougall, Sean T., Chan, Chi-kwan, Wielgus, Maciek, Prather, Ben S., Wong, George N., Gammie, Charles F., Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David R., Baloković, Mislav, Barrett, John, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope A., Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamente, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas, Crew, Geoffrey B., Osorio, Alejandro Cruz, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica T., Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph R., Fish, Vincent, Fomalont, Edward B., Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gómez, Jose L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark A., Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Hecht, Michael, Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul T., Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Rosales, Alejandra Jimenez, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana G., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Levis, Aviad, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Miss Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei, Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., Lu, Rusen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel, Marscher, Alan P., Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James, Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Muller, Cornelia, Mejias, Alejandro M., Musoke, Gibwa, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Hector, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Palumbo, Daniel C., Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh A., Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard L., PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Potzl, Felix, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark, Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan E. E., Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi, Sanchez, Salvador, Sanchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhi-Qiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo, Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Traianou, E., Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John F., Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wiik, Kaj, Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, DooSoo, Young, Andre, Young, Ken H., Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The black-hole images obtained with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) are expected to be variable at the dynamical timescale near their horizons. For the black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy, this timescale (5-61 days) is comparable to the 6-day extent of the 2017 EHT observations. Closure phases along baseline triangles are robust interferometric observables that are sensitive to the expected structural changes of the images but are free of station-based atmospheric and instrumental errors. We explored the day-to-day variability in closure phase measurements on all six linearly independent non-trivial baseline triangles that can be formed from the 2017 observations. We showed that three triangles exhibit very low day-to-day variability, with a dispersion of $\sim3-5^\circ$. The only triangles that exhibit substantially higher variability ($\sim90-180^\circ$) are the ones with baselines that cross visibility amplitude minima on the $u-v$ plane, as expected from theoretical modeling. We used two sets of General Relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations to explore the dependence of the predicted variability on various black-hole and accretion-flow parameters. We found that changing the magnetic field configuration, electron temperature model, or black-hole spin has a marginal effect on the model consistency with the observed level of variability. On the other hand, the most discriminating image characteristic of models is the fractional width of the bright ring of emission. Models that best reproduce the observed small level of variability are characterized by thin ring-like images with structures dominated by gravitational lensing effects and thus least affected by turbulence in the accreting plasmas., Comment: Accepted for Publication in ApJ
Published: 2021
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7. Constraints on black-hole charges with the 2017 EHT observations of M87*

Author: Kocherlakota, Prashant, Rezzolla, Luciano, Falcke, Heino, Fromm, Christian M., Kramer, Michael, Mizuno, Yosuke, Nathanail, Antonios, Olivares, Hector, Younsi, Ziri, Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Chesler, Paul M., Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Ford, H. Alyson, Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., Garcia, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gomez, Jose L., Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Levis, Aviad, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Muller, Cornelia, Musoke, Gibwa, Mejias, Alejandro Mus, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Neilsen, Joseph, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Okino, Hiroki, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Ozel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Potzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sanchez, Salvador, Sanchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, Andre, Young, Ken, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, and Collaboration, The EHT
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: Our understanding of strong gravity near supermassive compact objects has recently improved thanks to the measurements made by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). We use here the M87* shadow size to infer constraints on the physical charges of a large variety of nonrotating or rotating black holes. For example, we show that the quality of the measurements is already sufficient to rule out that M87* is a highly charged dilaton black hole. Similarly, when considering black holes with two physical and independent charges, we are able to exclude considerable regions of the space of parameters for the doubly-charged dilaton and the Sen black holes., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, published in PRD on May 19
Published: 2021
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8. The Polarized Image of a Synchrotron Emitting Ring of Gas Orbiting a Black Hole

Author: Narayan, Ramesh, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Johnson, Michael D., Gelles, Zachary, Himwich, Elizabeth, Chang, Dominic O., Ricarte, Angelo, Dexter, Jason, Gammie, Charles F., Chael, Andrew A., Collaboration, The Event Horizon Telescope, Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Chesler, Paul M., Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, DeLaurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Garcıa, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gomez, Jose L., Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Levis, Aviad, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Pin, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Martı-Vidal, Alan P. Marscher Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Muller, Cornelia, Musoke, Gibwa, Mejıas, Alejandro Mus, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Hector, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Ozel, Feryal, Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Potzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sanchez, Salvador, Sanchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, Andre, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Synchrotron radiation from hot gas near a black hole results in a polarized image. The image polarization is determined by effects including the orientation of the magnetic field in the emitting region, relativistic motion of the gas, strong gravitational lensing by the black hole, and parallel transport in the curved spacetime. We explore these effects using a simple model of an axisymmetric, equatorial accretion disk around a Schwarzschild black hole. By using an approximate expression for the null geodesics derived by Beloborodov (2002) and conservation of the Walker-Penrose constant, we provide analytic estimates for the image polarization. We test this model using currently favored general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of M87*, using ring parameters given by the simulations. For a subset of these with modest Faraday effects, we show that the ring model broadly reproduces the polarimetric image morphology. Our model also predicts the polarization evolution for compact flaring regions, such as those observed from Sgr A* with GRAVITY. With suitably chosen parameters, our simple model can reproduce the EVPA pattern and relative polarized intensity in Event Horizon Telescope images of M87*. Under the physically motivated assumption that the magnetic field trails the fluid velocity, this comparison is consistent with the clockwise rotation inferred from total intensity images., Comment: 29 pages, 11 figures, published in ApJ on May 3
Published: 2021
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9. General relativistic MHD simulations of non-thermal flaring in Sagittarius A*

Author: Chatterjee, Koushik, Markoff, Sera, Neilsen, Joseph, Younsi, Ziri, Witzel, Gunther, Tchekhovskoy, Alexander, Yoon, Doosoo, Ingram, Adam, van der Klis, Michiel, Boyce, Hope, Do, Tuan, Haggard, Daryl, and Nowak, Michael
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Sagittarius A* exhibits regular variability in its multiwavelength emission, including daily X-ray flares and roughly continuous near-infrared (NIR) flickering. The origin of this variability is still ambiguous since both inverse Compton and synchrotron emission are possible radiative mechanisms. The underlying particle distributions are also not well constrained, particularly the non-thermal contribution. In this work, we employ the GPU-accelerated general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) code H-AMR perform a study of flare flux distributions, including the effect of particle acceleration for the first time in high-resolution 3D simulations of Sgr A*. For the particle acceleration, we use the general relativistic ray-tracing (GRRT) code BHOSS to perform the radiative transfer, assuming a hybrid thermal+non-thermal electron energy distribution. We extract ~60 h lightcurves in the sub-millimetre, NIR and X-ray wavebands, and compare the power spectra and the cumulative flux distributions of the lightcurves to statistical descriptions for Sgr A* flares. Our results indicate that non-thermal populations of electrons arising from turbulence-driven reconnection in weakly magnetised accretion flows lead to moderate NIR and X-ray flares and reasonably describe the X-ray flux distribution while fulfilling multiwavelength flux constraints. These models exhibit high rms% amplitudes, >~150% both in the NIR and the X-rays, with changes in the accretion rate driving the 230~GHz flux variability, in agreement with Sgr A* observations., Comment: Accepted by MNRAS
Published: 2020
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10. Gravitational Test Beyond the First Post-Newtonian Order with the Shadow of the M87 Black Hole

Author: Psaltis, Dimitrios, Medeiros, Lia, Christian, Pierre, Ozel, Feryal, Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Boland, Wilfred, Bower, Geoffrey C., Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cho, Ilje, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gomez, Jose L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jiang, Wu, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Junhan, Kim, Jongsoo, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, Mao, Jirong, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Mizuno, Yosuke, Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Muller, Cornelia, Musoke, Gibwa, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Neri, Roberto, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Hector, Oyama, Tomoaki, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Prather, Ben, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A., Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Ryan, Benjamin R., Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sanchez, Salvador, Sanchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Tazaki, Fumie, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Wardle, John, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, Andre, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zhao, Shan-Shan, and Collaboration, the EHT
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The 2017 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of the central source in M87 have led to the first measurement of the size of a black-hole shadow. This observation offers a new and clean gravitational test of the black-hole metric in the strong-field regime. We show analytically that spacetimes that deviate from the Kerr metric but satisfy weak-field tests can lead to large deviations in the predicted black-hole shadows that are inconsistent with even the current EHT measurements. We use numerical calculations of regular, parametric, non-Kerr metrics to identify the common characteristic among these different parametrizations that control the predicted shadow size. We show that the shadow-size measurements place significant constraints on deviation parameters that control the second post-Newtonian and higher orders of each metric and are, therefore, inaccessible to weak-field tests. The new constraints are complementary to those imposed by observations of gravitational waves from stellar-mass sources., Comment: Physical Review Letters
Published: 2020
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11. Spectral and Imaging properties of Sgr A* from High-Resolution 3D GRMHD Simulations with Radiative Cooling

Author: Yoon, Doosoo, Chatterjee, Koushik, Markoff, Sera, van Eijnatten, David, Younsi, Ziri, Liska, Matthew, and Tchekhovskoy, Alexander
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The candidate supermassive black hole in the Galactic Centre, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), is known to be fed by a radiatively inefficient accretion flow (RIAF), inferred by its low accretion rate. Consequently, radiative cooling has in general been overlooked in the study of Sgr A*. However, the radiative properties of the plasma in RIAFs are poorly understood. In this work, using full 3D general-relativistic magneto-hydrodynamical simulations, we study the impact of radiative cooling on the dynamical evolution of the accreting plasma, presenting spectral energy distributions and synthetic sub-millimeter images generated from the accretion flow around Sgr A*. These simulations solve the approximated equations for radiative cooling processes self-consistently, including synchrotron, bremsstrahlung, and inverse Compton processes. We find that radiative cooling plays an increasingly important role in the dynamics of the accretion flow as the accretion rate increases: the mid-plane density grows and the infalling gas is less turbulent as cooling becomes stronger. The changes in the dynamical evolution become important when the accretion rate is larger than $10^{-8}\,M_{\odot}~{\rm yr}^{-1}$ ($\gtrsim 10^{-7} \dot{M}_{\rm Edd}$, where $\dot{M}_{\rm Edd}$ is the Eddington accretion rate). The resulting spectra in the cooled models also differ from those in the non-cooled models: the overall flux, including the peak values at the sub-mm and the far-UV, is slightly lower as a consequence of a decrease in the electron temperature. Our results suggest that radiative cooling should be carefully taken into account in modelling Sgr A* and other low-luminosity active galactic nuclei that have a mass accretion rate of $\dot{M} > 10^{-7}\,\dot{M}_{\rm Edd}$., Comment: 16 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2020
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12. Observational signatures of disk and jet misalignment in images of accreting black holes

Author: Chatterjee, Koushik, Younsi, Ziri, Liska, Matthew, Tchekhovskoy, Alexander, Markoff, Sera, Yoon, Doosoo, van Eijnatten, David, Hesp, Casper, Ingram, Adam, and van der Klis, Michiel
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract: Black hole accretion is one of nature's most efficient energy extraction processes. When gas falls in, a significant fraction of its gravitational binding energy is either converted into radiation or flows outwards in the form of black hole-driven jets and disk-driven winds. Recently, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), an Earth-size sub-millimetre radio interferometer, captured the first images of M87's black hole. These images were analysed and interpreted using general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) models of accretion disks with rotation axes aligned with the black hole spin axis. However, since infalling gas is often insensitive to the black hole spin direction, misalignment between accretion disk and black hole spin may be a common occurrence in nature. In this work, we use the general-relativistic radiative transfer (GRRT) code \texttt{BHOSS} to calculate the first synthetic radio images of (highly) tilted disk/jet models generated by our GPU-accelerated GRMHD code \texttt{HAMR}. While the tilt does not have a noticeable effect on the system dynamics beyond a few tens of gravitational radii from the black hole, the warping of the disk and jet can imprint observable signatures in EHT images on smaller scales. Comparing the images from our GRMHD models to the 43 GHz and 230 GHz EHT images of M87, we find that M87 may feature a tilted disk/jet system. Further, tilted disks and jets display significant time variability in the 230 GHz flux that can be further tested by longer-duration EHT observations of M87., Comment: 18 pages, 18 figures, accepted by MNRAS, for YouTube playlist see https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjldVlE2vDFwjt4UE9zKxlPJ3Um_7lBLS
Published: 2020
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13. On the Role of Hot Feedback Mode in Active Galactic Nuclei Feedback in an Elliptical Galaxy

Author: Yoon, Doosoo, Yuan, Feng, Ostriker, Jeremiah P., Ciotti, Luca, and Zhu, Bocheng
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Depending on the value of the accretion rate, black hole accretion is divided into cold and hot modes. The two modes have distinctly different physics and correspond to two feedback modes. Most previous feedback works either focus only on one mode, or the accretion physics is not always properly adopted. Here, by performing hydrodynamical numerical simulations of AGN feedback in an elliptical galaxy, we show that including both is important, and gives different results from including just one or the other. We specifically focus on the wind and radiation (but neglecting the jet) feedback in the hot mode, to explore whether this particular mode of feedback can play any important feedback role. For this aim, we have run two test models. In one model, we always adopt the cold mode no matter what value the accretion rate is; in another model, we turn off the AGN once it enters into the hot mode. We have calculated the AGN light curves, black hole growth, star formation, and AGN energy duty-cycle; and compared the results with the model in which the two modes are correctly included. Important differences are found. For example, if we were to adopt only the cold mode, the total mass of newly formed stars would become two orders of magnitude smaller, and the fraction of energy ejected within the high accretion regime (i.e., $L_{\rm BH} > 2\% L_{\rm Edd}$) would be too small to be consistent with observations. We have also investigated the respective roles of wind and radiation in the hot mode., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2019
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14. Numerical study of active galactic nucleus feedback in an elliptical galaxy with {\it MACER}

Author: Yuan, Feng, Ostriker, Jeremiah P., Yoon, DooSoo, Li, Ya-Ping, Ciotti, Luca, Gan, Zhao-Ming, Ho, Luis C., and Guo, Fulai
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: This paper summarizes our recent works of studying AGN feedback in an isolated elliptical galaxy by performing high-resolution hydrodynamical numerical simulations. Bondi radius is resolved and the mass accretion rate of the black hole is calculated. The most updated AGN physics, namely the discrimination of cold and hot accretion modes and the exact descriptions of the AGN radiation and wind for a given accretion rate are adopted and their interaction with the gas in the host galaxy is calculated. Physical processes such as star formation and SNe feedback are taken into account. Consistent with observation, we find the AGN spends most of the time in the low-luminosity regime. AGN feedback overall suppresses the star formation; but depending on location in the galaxy and time, it can also enhance it. The light curve of specific star formation rate is not synchronous with the AGN light curve. We find that wind usually plays a dominant role in controlling the AGN luminosity and star formation, but radiation also cannot be neglected., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures; proceedings of the IAUS342 "Perseus in Sicily: from black hole to cluster outskirts"
Published: 2018

15. Active Galactic Nuclei Feedback in an Elliptical Galaxy with the Most Updated AGN Physics (II): High-Angular Momentum Case

Author: Yoon, Doosoo, Yuan, Feng, Gan, Zhao-Ming, Ostriker, Jeremiah P., Li, Ya-Ping, and Ciotti, Luca
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: This is the second paper of our series of works of studying the effects of active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback on the cosmological evolution of an isolated elliptical galaxy by performing two-dimensional high-resolution hydrodynamical numerical simulations. In these simulations, the inner boundary is chosen so that the Bondi radius is resolved. Physical processes like star formation, SNe Ia and II are taken into account. Compared to previous works, the main improvements is that we adopt the most updated AGN physics, which is described in detail in the first paper of this series (Yuan et al. 2018, Paper I). These improvements include the discrimination of the two accretion modes of the central AGN and the most updated descriptions of the wind and radiation in the two modes. In Paper I, we consider the case that the specific angular momentum of the gas in the galaxy is very low. In this paper, we consider the case that the specific angular momentum of the gas is high. In the galactic scale, we adopt the gravitational torques raised due to non-axisymmetric structure in the galaxy as the mechanism of the transfer of angular momentum of gas, as proposed in some recent works. Since our simulations are axisymmetric, we make use of a parameterized prescription to mimic this mechanism. Same as Paper I, we investigate the AGN light curve, typical AGN lifetime, growth of the black hole mass, AGN duty-cycle, star formation, and the X-ray surface brightness of the galaxy. Special attention is paid to the effects of specific angular momentum of the galaxy on these properties. We find that some results are qualitatively similar to those shown in Paper I, while some results such as star formation and black hole growth do show a significant difference due to the mass concentration in the galactic disk as a consequence of galactic rotation., Comment: 20 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication to ApJ (Revised to match version published in ApJ)
Published: 2018
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16. Stellar and AGN feedback in isolated early-type galaxies: the role in regulating star formation and ISM properties

Author: Li, Ya-Ping, Yuan, Feng, Mo, Houjun, Yoon, Doosoo, Gan, Zhao-Ming, Ho, Luis C., Wang, Bo, Ostriker, Jeremiah P., and Ciotti, Luca
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Understanding how galaxies maintain the inefficiency of star formation with physically self-consistent models is a central problem for galaxy evolution. Although numerous theoretical models have been proposed in recent decades, the debate still exists. By means of high-resolution two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations, we study the three feedback effects (the stellar wind heating, SNe feedback, and AGN feedback) in suppressing star formation activities on the evolution of early-type galaxies with different stellar masses. AGN feedback models are updated based on \citet{Yuan2018}. The gas sources comes exclusively from the mass losses of dying low-mass stars for most of our models. We find that SNe feedback can keep star formation at a significantly low level for low mass elliptical galaxies for a cosmological evolution time. For the high mass galaxies, AGN feedback can efficiently offset the radiative cooling and thus regulate the star formation activities. Such a suppression of star formation is extremely efficient in the inner region of the galaxies. AGB heating cannot account for this suppression for low and high mass galaxies. The X-ray temperature $T_{\rm X}$ and luminosity $L_{\rm X}$ of hot plasma can be in agreement with the observed data with the inclusion of effective feedback processes. These results thus suggest that we can use $T_{\rm X}$ and $L_{\rm X}$ to probe the role of different feedback processes. The inclusion of additional gas sources can make the mass scale between SNe and AGN feedback dominating in suppressing star formation decrease to an observationally inferred value of a few $10^{10}~M_{\odot}$., Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2018
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17. Active Galactic Nuclei Feedback in an Elliptical Galaxy with the Most Updated AGN Physics (I): Low-angular Momentum Case

Author: Yuan, Feng, Yoon, Doosoo, Li, Ya-Ping, Gan, Zhao-Ming, Ho, Luis C., and Guo, Fulai
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We investigate the effects of AGN feedback on the cosmological evolution of an isolated elliptical galaxy by performing two-dimensional high-resolution hydrodynamical numerical simulations. The inner boundary of the simulation is chosen so that the Bondi radius is resolved. Compared to previous works, the two accretion modes, namely hot and cold, which correspond to different accretion rates and have different radiation and wind outputs, are carefully discriminated and the feedback effects by radiation and wind in each mode are taken into account. The most updated AGN physics, including the descriptions of radiation and wind from the hot accretion flows and wind from cold accretion disks, are adopted. Physical processes like star formation, Type Ia and Type II supernovae are taken into account. We study the AGN light curve, typical AGN lifetime, growth of the black hole mass, AGN duty-cycle, star formation, and the X-ray surface brightness of the galaxy. We compare our simulation results with observations and find general consistency. Comparisons with previous simulation works find significant differences, indicating the importance of AGN physics. The respective roles of radiation and wind feedbacks are examined and it is found that they are different for different problems of interest such as AGN luminosity and star formation. We find that it is hard to neglect any of them, so we suggest to use the names of "cold feedback mode" and "hot feedback mode" to replace the currently used ones., Comment: 25 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication to ApJ (Revised to match version published in ApJ)
Published: 2017
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18. Bow-shock Pulsar Wind Nebulae Passing Through Density Discontinuities

Author: Yoon, Doosoo and Heinz, Sebastian
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Bow-shock pulsar wind nebulae are a subset of pulsar wind nebulae that form when the pulsar has high velocity due to the natal kick during the supernova explosion. The interaction between the relativistic wind from the fast-moving pulsar and the interstellar medium produces a bow-shock and a trail, which are detectable in H$_{\alpha}$ emission. Among such bow-shock pulsar wind nebulae, the Guitar Nebula stands out for its peculiar morphology, which consists of a prominent bow-shock head and a series of bubbles further behind. We present a scenario in which multiple bubbles can be produced when the pulsar encounters a series of density discontinuities in the ISM. We tested the scenario using 2-D and 3-D hydrodynamic simulations. The shape of the guitar nebula can be reproduced if the pulsar traversed a region of declining low density. We also show that if a pulsar encounters an inclined density discontinuity, it produces an asymmetric bow-shock head, consistent with observations of the bow-shock of the millisecond pulsar J2124-3358., Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2016
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19. Formation of recollimation shocks in jets of high-mass X-ray binaries

Author: Yoon, DooSoo, Zdziarski, Andrzej A., and Heinz, Sebastian
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We study conditions for formation of recollimation shocks in jets interacting with stellar winds in high-mass X-ray binaries. We show the existence of a critical jet power, dependent on the wind rate and velocity and the jet velocity, above which a recollimation shock is not formed. For jet powers below critical, we derive the location of the shock. We show that surface shocks may still exist above the critical power, but only occupy a small volume of the jet and do not significantly alter the jet opening angle. We test these prediction by 3-D numerical simulations, which confirm the existence and the value of the critical power. We apply our results to Cyg X-1 and Cyg X-3., Comment: MNRAS, in press
Published: 2015
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20. G2 and Sgr A*: A Cosmic Fizzle At The Galactic Center

Author: Morsony, Brian, Gracey, Brandon, Workman, Jared, and Yoon, DooSoo
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We carry out a series of simulations of G2-type clouds interacting with the black hole at the galactic center, to determine why no large changes in the luminosity of Sgr A* were seen, and to determine the nature of G2. We measure the accretion rate from the gas cloud onto Sgr A* for a range of simulation parameters, such as cloud structure, background structure, background density, grid resolution, and accretion radius. For a broad range of parameters, the amount of cloud material accreted is small relative to the amount of background material accreted. The total accretion rate is not significantly effected for at least 30 years after periapsis. We find that reproducing observations of G2 likely requires two components for the object: an extended, cold gas cloud responsible for the Br-gamma emission, and a compact core or dusty stellar object dominating the bolometric luminosity. In simulations, the bolometric and X-ray luminosity have a peak lasting from about 1 year before to 1 year after periapsis, a feature not detected in observations. Our simulated Br-gamma emission is largely consistent with observations leading up to periapsis, with a slight increase in luminosity and a large increase in the FWHM of the line velocity. All emission from a gaseous component of G2 should fade rapidly after periapsis and be undetectable after 1 year, due to shock heating and expansion of the cloud. Any remaining emission should be from the compact component of G2., Comment: 31 pages, 21 figures, published in ApJ
Published: 2015
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21. Global Simulations of the Interaction of Microquasar Jets with a Stellar Wind in High-Mass X-ray Binaries

Author: Yoon, Doosoo and Heinz, Sebastian
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Jets powered by high-mass X-ray binaries must traverse the powerful wind of the companion star. We present the first global 3D simulations of jet-wind interaction in high-mass X-ray binaries. We show that the wind momentum flux intercepted by the jet can lead to significant bending of the jet and that jets propagating through a spherical wind will be bent to an asymptotic angle $\psi_{\infty}$. We derive simple expressions for $\psi_{\infty}$ as a function of jet power and wind thrust. For known wind parameters, measurements of $\psi_{\infty}$ can be used to constrain the jet power. In the case of Cygnus X-1, the lack of jet precession as a function of orbital phase observed by the VLBA can be used to put a lower limit on the jet power of $L_{\rm jet} \gtrsim 10^{36}\,{\rm ergs\,s^{-1}}$. We further discuss the case where the initial jet is inclined relative to the binary orbital axis. We also analyze the case of Cygnus X-3 and show that jet bending is likely negligible unless the jet is significantly less powerful or much wider than currently thought. Our numerical investigation is limited to isotropic stellar winds. We discuss the possible effect of wind clumping on jet-wind interaction, which are likely significant, but argue that our limits on jet power for Cygnus X-1 are likely unaffected by clumping unless the global wind mass loss rate is orders of magnitude below the commonly assumed range for Cyg X-1., Comment: 15 pages, 14 figures, Accepted to ApJ on January 6, 2015
Published: 2015
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22. Central Regions of Barred Galaxies: Two-Dimensional Non-self-gravitating Hydrodynamic Simulations

Author: Kim, Woong-Tae, Seo, Woo-Young, Stone, James M., Yoon, Doosoo, and Teuben, Peter J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The inner regions of barred galaxies contain substructures such as off-axis shocks, nuclear rings, and nuclear spirals. These substructure may affect star formation, and control the activity of a central black hole (BH) by determining the mass inflow rate. We investigate the formation and properties of such substructures using high-resolution, grid-based hydrodynamic simulations. The gaseous medium is assumed to be infinitesimally-thin, isothermal, and non-self-gravitating. The stars and dark matter are represented by a static gravitational potential with four components: a stellar disk, the bulge, a central BH, and the bar. To investigate various galactic environments, we vary the gas sound speed c_s as well as the mass of the central BH M_BH. Once the flow has reached a quasi-steady state, off-axis shocks tend to move closer to the bar major axis as c_s increases. Nuclear rings shrink in size with increasing c_s, but are independent of M_BH, suggesting that ring position is not determined by the Lindblad resonances. Rings in low-c_s models are narrow since they are occupied largely by gas on x2-orbits and well decoupled from nuclear spirals, while they become broad because of large thermal perturbations in high-c_s models. Nuclear spirals persist only when either c_s is small or M_BH is large; they would otherwise be destroyed completely by the ring material on eccentric orbits. The shape and strength of nuclear spirals depend sensitively on c_s and M_BH such that they are leading if both c_s and M_BH are small, weak trailing if c_s is small and M_BH is large, and strong trailing if both c_s and M_BH are large. While the mass inflow rate toward the nucleus is quite small in low-c_s models because of the presence of a narrow nuclear ring, it becomes larger than 0.01 Msun/yr when c_s is large, providing a potential explanation of nuclear activity in Seyfert galaxies., Comment: Accepted for publication in the ApJ; Version with full-resolution figures available at http://mirzam.snu.ac.kr/~wkim/Bar/bar.pdf
Published: 2011
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23. Jet trails and Mach cones: The interaction of microquasars with the ISM

Author: Yoon, Doosoo, Morsony, Brian, Heinz, Sebastian, Wiersema, Klass, Fender, Rob, Russell, David, and Sunyaev, Rashid
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: A sub-set of microquasars exhibit high peculiar velocity with respect to the local standard of rest due to the kicks they receive when being born in supernovae. The interaction between the radio plasma released by microquasar jets from such high-velocity binaries with the ISM must lead to the production of trails and bow shocks similar to what is observed in narrow-angle tailed radio galaxies and pulsar wind nebulae. We present a set of numerical simulations of this interaction that illuminate the long term dynamical evolution and the observational properties of these microquasar bow shock nebulae and trails. We find that this interaction always produces a structure that consists of a bow shock, a trailing neck, and an expanding bubble. Using our simulations to model emission, we predict that the shock surrounding the bubble and the neck should be visible in H{\alpha} emission, the interior of the bubble should be visible in synchrotron radio emission, and only the bow shock is likely to be detectable in X-ray emission. We construct an analytic model for the evolution of the neck and bubble shape and compare this model with observations of X-ray binary SAX J1712.6-3739., Comment: 33 pages, 13 figures, 1 table; Accepted to ApJ
Published: 2011
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24. A Search for Pulsars around Sgr A* in the First Event Horizon Telescope Data Set

Author: Torne, Pablo, primary, Liu, Kuo, additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Wongphechauxsorn, Jompoj, additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Ransom, Scott M., additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Chan, Chi-kwan, additional, Crew, Geoffrey, B., additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Goddi, Ciriaco, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Ruiz, Ignacio, additional, Abbate, Federico, additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Salamanca, Juan J., additional, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., additional, Herrera-Aguilar, Alfredo, additional, Jiang 江, Wu 悟, additional, Lu 路, Ru-Sen 如森, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen 沈, Zhiqiang 志强, additional, Paubert, Gabriel, additional, Sanchez-Portal, Miguel, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Castillo, Manuel, additional, Navarro, Santiago, additional, John, David, additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Algaba, Juan Carlos, additional, Anantua, Richard, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Bach, Uwe, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Ball, David, additional, Baloković, Mislav, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Bauböck, Michi, additional, Benson, Bradford A., additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Blundell, Raymond, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Boyce, Hope, additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broderick, Avery E., additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Bustamante, Sandra, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Ceccobello, Chiara, additional, Chael, Andrew, additional, Chang, Dominic O., additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen 陈, Yongjun 永军, additional, Cheng, Xiaopeng, additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Christian, Pierre, additional, Conroy, Nicholas S., additional, Conway, John E., additional, Crawford, Thomas M., additional, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, additional, Cui 崔, Yuzhu 玉竹, additional, Dahale, Rohan, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Dexter, Jason, additional, Dhruv, Vedant, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Dougal, Sean, additional, Dzib, Sergio A., additional, Emami, Razieh, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Farah, Joseph, additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Ford, H. Alyson, additional, Foschi, Marianna, additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Freeman, William T., additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Fuentes, Antonio, additional, Galison, Peter, additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, García, Roberto, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Georgiev, Boris, additional, Gold, Roman, additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Gu 顾, Minfeng 敏峰, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Hada, Kazuhiro, additional, Haggard, Daryl, additional, Haworth, Kari, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Heumann, Dirk, additional, Ho 何, Luis C. 子山, additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang 黄, Lei 磊, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Ikeda, Shiro, additional, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, Issaoun, Sara, additional, James, David J., additional, Jannuzi, Buell T., additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Joshi, Abhishek V., additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Kawashima, Tomohisa, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Dong-Jin, additional, Kim, Jae-Young, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kim, Junhan, additional, Kino, Motoki, additional, Koay, Jun Yi, additional, Kocherlakota, Prashant, additional, Kofuji, Yutaro, additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, La Bella, Noemi, additional, Lauer, Tod R., additional, Lee, Daeyoung, additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Leung, Po Kin, additional, Levis, Aviad, additional, Li 李, Zhiyuan 志远, additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Lindahl, Greg, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Lisakov, Mikhail, additional, Liu 刘, Jun 俊, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Lonsdale, Colin J., additional, MacDonald, Nicholas R., additional, Mao 毛, Jirong 基荣, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Markoff, Sera, additional, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Medeiros, Lia, additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Michalik, Daniel, additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Moscibrodzka, Monika, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Müller, Hendrik, additional, Mus, Alejandro, additional, Musoke, Gibwa, additional, Myserlis, Ioannis, additional, Nadolski, Andrew, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayan, Ramesh, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Nathanail, Antonios, additional, Neilsen, Joey, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Nowak, Michael A., additional, Oh, Junghwan, additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, Özel, Feryal, additional, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, additional, Park, Jongho, additional, Parsons, Harriet, additional, Patel, Nimesh, additional, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Pötzl, Felix M., additional, Prather, Ben, additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Psaltis, Dimitrios, additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Ricarte, Angelo, additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Roelofs, Freek, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, additional, Roshanineshat, Arash, additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Satapathy, Kaushik, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Schloerb, F. Peter, additional, Schonfeld, Jonathan, additional, Small, Des, additional, Sohn, Bong Won, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Souccar, Kamal, additional, Sun 孙, He 赫, additional, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Toscano, Teresa, additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, Trent, Tyler, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, Turk, Matthew, additional, van Bemmel, Ilse, additional, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Vos, Jesse, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Wex, Norbert, additional, Wielgus, Maciek, additional, Wiik, Kaj, additional, Witzel, Gunther, additional, Wondrak, Michael F., additional, Wong, George N., additional, Wu 吴, Qingwen 庆文, additional, Yadlapalli, Nitika, additional, Yamaguchi, Paul, additional, Yfantis, Aristomenis, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Yu 于, Wei 威, additional, Yuan 袁, Feng 峰, additional, Yuan 袁, Ye-Fei 业飞, additional, Zensus, J. Anton, additional, Zhang, Shuo, additional, Zhao, Guang-Yao, additional, and Zhao 赵, Shan-Shan 杉杉, additional
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Polarimetric Geometric Modeling for mm-VLBI Observations of Black Holes

Author: Roelofs, Freek, primary, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Chael, Andrew, additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Wielgus, Maciek, additional, Broderick, Avery E., additional, Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Algaba, Juan Carlos, additional, Anantua, Richard, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Bach, Uwe, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Ball, David, additional, Baloković, Mislav, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Bauböck, Michi, additional, Benson, Bradford A., additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Blundell, Raymond, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Boyce, Hope, additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Bustamante, Sandra, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Ceccobello, Chiara, additional, Chan, Chi-kwan, additional, Chang, Dominic O., additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen 陈, Yongjun 永军, additional, Cheng, Xiaopeng, additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Christian, Pierre, additional, Conroy, Nicholas S., additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crawford, Thomas M., additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, additional, Cui 崔, Yuzhu 玉竹, additional, Dahale, Rohan, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, Dexter, Jason, additional, Dhruv, Vedant, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Dougal, Sean, additional, Dzib, Sergio A., additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Emami, Razieh, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Farah, Joseph, additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Ford, H. Alyson, additional, Foschi, Marianna, additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Freeman, William T., additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Fuentes, Antonio, additional, Galison, Peter, additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, García, Roberto, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Georgiev, Boris, additional, Goddi, Ciriaco, additional, Gold, Roman, additional, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Gu 顾, Minfeng 敏峰, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Hada, Kazuhiro, additional, Haggard, Daryl, additional, Haworth, Kari, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Heumann, Dirk, additional, Ho 何, Luis C. 子山, additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang 黄, Lei 磊, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Ikeda, Shiro, additional, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, Issaoun, Sara, additional, James, David J., additional, Jannuzi, Buell T., additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiang 江, Wu 悟, additional, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Joshi, Abhishek V., additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Kawashima, Tomohisa, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Dong-Jin, additional, Kim, Jae-Young, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kim, Junhan, additional, Kino, Motoki, additional, Koay, Jun Yi, additional, Kocherlakota, Prashant, additional, Kofuji, Yutaro, additional, Koch, Patrick M., additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Kramer, Joana A., additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, La Bella, Noemi, additional, Lauer, Tod R., additional, Lee, Daeyoung, additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Leung, Po Kin, additional, Levis, Aviad, additional, Li 李, Zhiyuan 志远, additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Lindahl, Greg, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Lisakov, Mikhail, additional, Liu 刘, Jun 俊, additional, Liu, Kuo, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Lonsdale, Colin J., additional, Lowitz, Amy E., additional, Lu 路, Ru-Sen 如森, additional, MacDonald, Nicholas R., additional, Mao 毛, Jirong 基荣, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Markoff, Sera, additional, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Medeiros, Lia, additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Michalik, Daniel, additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Moscibrodzka, Monika, additional, Mulaudzi, Wanga, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Müller, Hendrik, additional, Mus, Alejandro, additional, Musoke, Gibwa, additional, Myserlis, Ioannis, additional, Nadolski, Andrew, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayan, Ramesh, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Nathanail, Antonios, additional, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, additional, Neilsen, Joey, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Nowak, Michael A., additional, Oh, Junghwan, additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, Özel, Feryal, additional, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, additional, Park, Jongho, additional, Parsons, Harriet, additional, Patel, Nimesh, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Pötzl, Felix M., additional, Prather, Ben, additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Psaltis, Dimitrios, additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Ricarte, Angelo, additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Roshanineshat, Arash, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Ruiz, Ignacio, additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, additional, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Satapathy, Kaushik, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Schloerb, F. Peter, additional, Schonfeld, Jonathan, additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen 沈, Zhiqiang 志强, additional, Small, Des, additional, Sohn, Bong Won, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Sosapanta Salas, León David, additional, Souccar, Kamal, additional, Sun 孙, He 赫, additional, Tazaki, Fumie, additional, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Torne, Pablo, additional, Toscano, Teresa, additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, Trent, Tyler, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, Turk, Matthew, additional, van Bemmel, Ilse, additional, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Vos, Jesse, additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Washington, Jasmin E., additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Wiik, Kaj, additional, Witzel, Gunther, additional, Wondrak, Michael F., additional, Wong, George N., additional, Wu 吴, Qingwen 庆文, additional, Yadlapalli, Nitika, additional, Yamaguchi, Paul, additional, Yfantis, Aristomenis, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Yu 于, Wei 威, additional, Yuan 袁, Feng 峰, additional, Yuan 袁, Ye-Fei 业飞, additional, Zensus, J. Anton, additional, Zhang, Shuo, additional, Zhao, Guang-Yao, additional, and Zhao 赵, Shan-Shan 杉杉, additional
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. Comparison of Polarized Radiative Transfer Codes Used by the EHT Collaboration

Author: Prather, Ben S., primary, Dexter, Jason, additional, Moscibrodzka, Monika, additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, Gold, Roman, additional, Wong, George N., additional, Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Algaba, Juan Carlos, additional, Anantua, Richard, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Bach, Uwe, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Ball, David, additional, Baloković, Mislav, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Bauböck, Michi, additional, Benson, Bradford A., additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Blundell, Raymond, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Boyce, Hope, additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broderick, Avery E., additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bustamante, Sandra, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Ceccobello, Chiara, additional, Chael, Andrew, additional, Chan, Chi-kwan, additional, Chang, Dominic O., additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen, Yongjun, additional, Cheng, Xiaopeng, additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Christian, Pierre, additional, Conroy, Nicholas S., additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crawford, Thomas M., additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, additional, Cui, Yuzhu, additional, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, Dhruv, Vedant, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Dougal, Sean, additional, Dzib, Sergio A., additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Emami, Razieh, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Farah, Joseph, additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Ford, H. Alyson, additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Freeman, William T., additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Fuentes, Antonio, additional, Galison, Peter, additional, García, Roberto, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Georgiev, Boris, additional, Goddi, Ciriaco, additional, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Gu, Minfeng, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Hada, Kazuhiro, additional, Haggard, Daryl, additional, Haworth, Kari, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Heumann, Dirk, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Ikeda, Shiro, additional, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, Issaoun, Sara, additional, James, David J., additional, Jannuzi, Buell T., additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiang, Wu, additional, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Joshi, Abhishek V., additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Kawashima, Tomohisa, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Dong-Jin, additional, Kim, Jae-Young, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kim, Junhan, additional, Kino, Motoki, additional, Koay, Jun Yi, additional, Kocherlakota, Prashant, additional, Kofuji, Yutaro, additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, La Bella, Noemi, additional, Lauer, Tod R., additional, Lee, Daeyoung, additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Leung, Po Kin, additional, Levis, Aviad, additional, Li, Zhiyuan, additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Lindahl, Greg, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Lisakov, Mikhail, additional, Liu, Jun, additional, Liu, Kuo, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Lonsdale, Colin J., additional, Lu, Ru-Sen, additional, MacDonald, Nicholas R., additional, Mao, Jirong, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Markoff, Sera, additional, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Medeiros, Lia, additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Michalik, Daniel, additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Mus, Alejandro, additional, Musoke, Gibwa, additional, Myserlis, Ioannis, additional, Nadolski, Andrew, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayan, Ramesh, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Nathanail, Antonios, additional, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, additional, Neilsen, Joey, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Nowak, Michael A., additional, Oh, Junghwan, additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, Özel, Feryal, additional, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, additional, Park, Jongho, additional, Parsons, Harriet, additional, Patel, Nimesh, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Pötzl, Felix M., additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Psaltis, Dimitrios, additional, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Ricarte, Angelo, additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Roelofs, Freek, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, additional, Roshanineshat, Arash, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Ruiz, Ignacio, additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, additional, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Satapathy, Kaushik, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Schloerb, F. Peter, additional, Schonfeld, Jonathan, additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen, Zhiqiang, additional, Small, Des, additional, Sohn, Bong Won, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Souccar, Kamal, additional, Sun, He, additional, Tazaki, Fumie, additional, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Torne, Pablo, additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, Trent, Tyler, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, Turk, Matthew, additional, van Bemmel, Ilse, additional, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Vos, Jesse, additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Wex, Norbert, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Wielgus, Maciek, additional, Wiik, Kaj, additional, Witzel, Gunther, additional, Wondrak, Michael F., additional, Wu, Qingwen, additional, Yamaguchi, Paul, additional, Yfantis, Aristomenis, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Yu, Wei, additional, Yuan, Feng, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Zensus, J. Anton, additional, Zhang, Shuo, additional, Zhao, Guang-Yao, additional, and Zhao, Shan-Shan, additional
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Polarimetric Geometric Modeling for mm-VLBI Observations of Black Holes

Author: Roelofs, Freek, Johnson, Michael D., Chael, Andrew, Janssen, Michael, Wielgus, Maciek, Broderick, Avery E., Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Ceccobello, Chiara, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chang, Dominic O., Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S., Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Dahale, Rohan, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Dhruv, Vedant, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Dougal, Sean, Dzib, Sergio A., Eatough, Ralph P., Emami, Razieh, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Foschi, Marianna, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gómez, José L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Haworth, Kari, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Heumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jorstad, Svetlana, Joshi, Abhishek V., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Joana A., Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, La Bella, Noemi, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Daeyoung, Lee, Sang-Sung, Leung, Po Kin, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., Lowitz, Amy E., Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Michalik, Daniel, Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Mulaudzi, Wanga, Müller, Cornelia, Müller, Hendrik, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Rogers, Alan, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Ros, Eduardo, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfeld, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sosapanta Salas, León David, Souccar, Kamal, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Toscano, Teresa, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Vos, Jesse, Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Washington, Jasmin E., Weintroub, Jonathan, Wharton, Robert, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F., Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yadlapalli, Nitika, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yfantis, Aristomenis, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yu, Wei, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Guang-Yao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Roelofs, Freek, Johnson, Michael D., Chael, Andrew, Janssen, Michael, Wielgus, Maciek, Broderick, Avery E., Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Ceccobello, Chiara, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chang, Dominic O., Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S., Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Dahale, Rohan, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Dhruv, Vedant, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Dougal, Sean, Dzib, Sergio A., Eatough, Ralph P., Emami, Razieh, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Foschi, Marianna, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gómez, José L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Haworth, Kari, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Heumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jorstad, Svetlana, Joshi, Abhishek V., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Joana A., Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, La Bella, Noemi, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Daeyoung, Lee, Sang-Sung, Leung, Po Kin, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., Lowitz, Amy E., Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Michalik, Daniel, Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Mulaudzi, Wanga, Müller, Cornelia, Müller, Hendrik, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Rogers, Alan, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Ros, Eduardo, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfeld, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sosapanta Salas, León David, Souccar, Kamal, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Toscano, Teresa, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Vos, Jesse, Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Washington, Jasmin E., Weintroub, Jonathan, Wharton, Robert, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F., Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yadlapalli, Nitika, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yfantis, Aristomenis, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yu, Wei, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan
Abstract: The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a millimeter very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) array that has imaged the apparent shadows of the supermassive black holes M87* and Sagittarius A*. Polarimetric data from these observations contain a wealth of information on the black hole and accretion flow properties. In this work, we develop polarimetric geometric modeling methods for mm-VLBI data, focusing on approaches that fit data products with differing degrees of invariance to broad classes of calibration errors. We establish a fitting procedure using a polarimetric “m-ring” model to approximate the image structure near a black hole. By fitting this model to synthetic EHT data from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic models, we show that the linear and circular polarization structure can be successfully approximated with relatively few model parameters. We then fit this model to EHT observations of M87* taken in 2017. In total intensity and linear polarization, the m-ring fits are consistent with previous results from imaging methods. In circular polarization, the m-ring fits indicate the presence of event-horizon-scale circular polarization structure, with a persistent dipolar asymmetry and orientation across several days. The same structure was recovered independently of observing band, used data products, and model assumptions. Despite this broad agreement, imaging methods do not produce similarly consistent results. Our circular polarization results, which imposed additional assumptions on the source structure, should thus be interpreted with some caution. Polarimetric geometric modeling provides a useful and powerful method to constrain the properties of horizon-scale polarized emission, particularly for sparse arrays like the EHT.
Published: 2023

28. The Event Horizon Telescope Image of the Quasar NRAO 530

Author: Jorstad, Svetlana, primary, Wielgus, Maciek, additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Issaoun, Sara, additional, Broderick, Avery E., additional, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Liu, Jun, additional, Zhao, Guang-Yao, additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Chan, Chi-kwan, additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, additional, Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Algaba, Juan Carlos, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Fuentes, Antonio, additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Kim, Jae-Young, additional, Lu, Ru-Sen, additional, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Moscibrodzka, Monika, additional, Pötzl, Felix M., additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, van Bemmel, Ilse, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Anantua, Richard, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Bach, Uwe, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Ball, David, additional, Baloković, Mislav, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Bauböck, Michi, additional, Benson, Bradford A., additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Blundell, Raymond, additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Boyce, Hope, additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Bustamante, Sandra, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Ceccobello, Chiara, additional, Chael, Andrew, additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen, Yongjun, additional, Cheng, Xiaopeng, additional, Christian, Pierre, additional, Conroy, Nicholas S., additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crawford, Thomas M., additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, additional, Cui, Yuzhu, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, Dexter, Jason, additional, Dhruv, Vedant, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Dougal, Sean, additional, Dzib, Sergio A., additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Emami, Razieh, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Farah, Joseph, additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Ford, H. Alyson, additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Freeman, William T., additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Galison, Peter, additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, García, Roberto, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Georgiev, Boris, additional, Goddi, Ciriaco, additional, Gold, Roman, additional, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., additional, Gu, Minfeng, additional, Hada, Kazuhiro, additional, Haggard, Daryl, additional, Haworth, Kari, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Heumann, Dirk, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Ikeda, Shiro, additional, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, James, David J., additional, Jannuzi, Buell T., additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiang, Wu, additional, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Joshi, Abhishek V., additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Kawashima, Tomohisa, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Dong-Jin, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kim, Junhan, additional, Kino, Motoki, additional, Koay, Jun Yi, additional, Kocherlakota, Prashant, additional, Kofuji, Yutaro, additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, La Bella, Noemi, additional, Lauer, Tod R., additional, Lee, Daeyoung, additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Leung, Po Kin, additional, Levis, Aviad, additional, Li, Zhiyuan, additional, Lindahl, Greg, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Lisakov, Mikhail, additional, Liu, Kuo, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Lonsdale, Colin J., additional, MacDonald, Nicholas R., additional, Mao, Jirong, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Markoff, Sera, additional, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Medeiros, Lia, additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Michalik, Daniel, additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Mus, Alejandro, additional, Musoke, Gibwa, additional, Myserlis, Ioannis, additional, Nadolski, Andrew, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayan, Ramesh, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Nathanail, Antonios, additional, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, additional, Neilsen, Joey, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Nowak, Michael A., additional, Oh, Junghwan, additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, Özel, Feryal, additional, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, additional, Park, Jongho, additional, Parsons, Harriet, additional, Patel, Nimesh, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Prather, Ben, additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Psaltis, Dimitrios, additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Ricarte, Angelo, additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Roelofs, Freek, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, additional, Roshanineshat, Arash, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Ruiz, Ignacio, additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, additional, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Satapathy, Kaushik, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Schloerb, F. Peter, additional, Schonfeld, Jonathan, additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen, Zhiqiang, additional, Small, Des, additional, Sohn, Bong Won, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Souccar, Kamal, additional, Sun, He, additional, Tazaki, Fumie, additional, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Torne, Pablo, additional, Trent, Tyler, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, Turk, Matthew, additional, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Vos, Jesse, additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Wex, Norbert, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Wiik, Kaj, additional, Witzel, Gunther, additional, Wondrak, Michael F., additional, Wong, George N., additional, Wu, Qingwen, additional, Yamaguchi, Paul, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Yuan, Feng, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Zensus, J. Anton, additional, Zhang, Shuo, additional, and Zhao, Shan-Shan, additional
Published: 2023
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29. Resolving the Inner Parsec of the Blazar J1924–2914 with the Event Horizon Telescope

Author: Issaoun, Sara, primary, Wielgus, Maciek, additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Chan, Chi-kwan, additional, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Mościbrodzka, Monika, additional, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Chael, Andrew, additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Liu, Jun, additional, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, additional, Lisakov, Mikhail, additional, Fuentes, Antonio, additional, Zhao, Guang-Yao, additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Broderick, Avery E., additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, MacDonald, Nicholas R., additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Lu, Ru-Sen, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Algaba, Juan Carlos, additional, Anantua, Richard, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Bach, Uwe, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Ball, David, additional, Baloković, Mislav, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Bauböck, Michi, additional, Benson, Bradford A., additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Blundell, Raymond, additional, Boland, Wilfred, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Boyce, Hope, additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Bustamante, Sandra, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Ceccobello, Chiara, additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen, Yongjun, additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Christian, Pierre, additional, Conroy, Nicholas S., additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crawford, Thomas M., additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, additional, Cui, Yuzhu, additional, Laurentis, Mariafelicia De, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, Dexter, Jason, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Dhruv, Vedant, additional, Dzib Quijano, Sergio Abraham, additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Emami, Razieh, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Farah, Joseph, additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Ford, H. Alyson, additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Freeman, William T., additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Galison, Peter, additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, García, Roberto, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Georgiev, Boris, additional, Goddi, Ciriaco, additional, Gold, Roman, additional, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., additional, Gu, Minfeng, additional, Hada, Kazuhiro, additional, Haggard, Daryl, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Ikeda, Shiro, additional, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, James, David J., additional, Jannuzi, Buell T., additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiang, Wu, additional, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Joshi, Abhishek V., additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Kawashima, Tomohisa, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Dong-Jin, additional, Kim, Jae-Young, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kim, Junhan, additional, Kino, Motoki, additional, Koay, Jun Yi, additional, Kocherlakota, Prashant, additional, Kofuji, Yutaro, additional, Koch, Patrick M., additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, Bella, Noemi La, additional, Lauer, Tod R., additional, Lee, Daeyoung, additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Leung, Po Kin, additional, Levis, Aviad, additional, Li, Zhiyuan, additional, Lindahl, Greg, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Liu, Kuo, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Lonsdale, Colin, additional, Mao, Jirong, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Markoff, Sera, additional, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Medeiros, Lia, additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Michalik, Daniel, additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Mus, Alejandro, additional, Musoke, Gibwa, additional, Myserlis, Ioannis, additional, Nadolski, Andrew, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayan, Ramesh, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Nathanail, Antonios, additional, Neilsen, Joey, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Nowak, Michael A., additional, Oh, Junghwan, additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, Özel, Feryal, additional, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, additional, Park, Jongho, additional, Parsons, Harriet, additional, Patel, Nimesh, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Pötzl, Felix M., additional, Prather, Ben, additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Psaltis, Dimitrios, additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Ricarte, Angelo, additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Roelofs, Freek, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Romero-Canizales, Cristina, additional, Roshanineshat, Arash, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Ruiz, Ignacio, additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, additional, Sanchez-Portal, Miguel, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Satapathy, Kaushik, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Schloerb, F. Peter, additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen, Zhiqiang, additional, Small, Des, additional, Sohn, Bong Won, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Souccar, Kamal, additional, Sun, He, additional, Tazaki, Fumie, additional, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Torne, Pablo, additional, Trent, Tyler, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, van Bemmel, Ilse, additional, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Vos, Jesse, additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Wex, Norbert, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Wiik, Kaj, additional, Witzel, Gunther, additional, Wondrak, Michael, additional, Wong, George N., additional, Wu, Qingwen, additional, Yamaguchi, Paul, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Yuan, Feng, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Zensus, J. Anton, additional, Zhang, Shuo, additional, and Zhao, Shan-Shan, additional
Published: 2022
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30. The Variability of the Black Hole Image in M87 at the Dynamical Timescale

Author: Satapathy, Kaushik, Psaltis, Dimitrios, Özel, Feryal, Medeiros, Lia, Dougall, Sean T., Chan, Chi-Kwan, Wielgus, Maciek, Prather, Ben S., Wong, George N., Gammie, Charles F., Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Barrett, John, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamente, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gómez, José L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Levis, Aviad, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, Musoke, Gibwa, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Preciado-López, Jorge A., Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wiik, Kaj, Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Satapathy, Kaushik, Psaltis, Dimitrios, Özel, Feryal, Medeiros, Lia, Dougall, Sean T., Chan, Chi-Kwan, Wielgus, Maciek, Prather, Ben S., Wong, George N., Gammie, Charles F., Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Barrett, John, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamente, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gómez, José L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Levis, Aviad, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, Musoke, Gibwa, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Preciado-López, Jorge A., Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wiik, Kaj, Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan
Abstract: The black hole images obtained with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) are expected to be variable at the dynamical timescale near their horizons. For the black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy, this timescale (5–61 days) is comparable to the 6 day extent of the 2017 EHT observations. Closure phases along baseline triangles are robust interferometric observables that are sensitive to the expected structural changes of the images but are free of station-based atmospheric and instrumental errors. We explored the day-to-day variability in closure-phase measurements on all six linearly independent nontrivial baseline triangles that can be formed from the 2017 observations. We showed that three triangles exhibit very low day-to-day variability, with a dispersion of ∼3°–5°. The only triangles that exhibit substantially higher variability (∼90°–180°) are the ones with baselines that cross the visibility amplitude minima on the u–v plane, as expected from theoretical modeling. We used two sets of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations to explore the dependence of the predicted variability on various black hole and accretion-flow parameters. We found that changing the magnetic field configuration, electron temperature model, or black hole spin has a marginal effect on the model consistency with the observed level of variability. On the other hand, the most discriminating image characteristic of models is the fractional width of the bright ring of emission. Models that best reproduce the observed small level of variability are characterized by thin ring-like images with structures dominated by gravitational lensing effects and thus least affected by turbulence in the accreting plasmas.
Published: 2022

31. Selective Dynamical Imaging of Interferometric Data

Author: The event horizon telescope collaboration, Pesce, Dominic W., Broderick, Avery E, Wong, George N, Dhruv, Vedant, Wielgus, Maciek, Gammie, Charles F, Chan, Chi-Kwan, Chatterjee, Koushik, Emami, Razieh, Mizuno, Yosuke, Gold, Roman, Fromm, Christian M., Ricarte, Angelo, Yoon, Doosoo, Joshi, Abhishek V, Prather, Ben, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Johnson, Michael D, Port, Oliver, Olivares, Hector, Younsi, Ziri, Rezzolla, Luciano, Vos, Jesse, Wiu, Richard, Nathanail, Antonios, Narayan, Ramesh, Chael, Andrew, Anantua, Richard, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Li, Yan-Rong, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Boland, Wilfred, Benson, Bradford A, Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L, Bower, Geoffery C, Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D, Brissenden, Roger, Brtizen, Silke, Broguiere, Domonique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E, MacDonald, Nicholas R, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Feryal, Zel, Conway, John E, Cordes, James M, Crawford, Thomas M, Crew, Geoffrey B, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelcia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Psaltis, Dimitrios, Doeleman, Sheperd S, Rose, Mel, Toma, Kenji, Eatough, Ralph P, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L, Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Moriyama, Kotaro, Friberg, Per, Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Garcia, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo L, Gómez, José L, Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Hecht, Michael H, Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C, Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L, Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H, Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J, Jannuzi, Buell T, Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K, Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M, Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R, Lee, Sang-Sung, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P, Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J, Lu, Ru-Sen, Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P, Marscher, Alan P, Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D, Menten, Karl M, Medeiros, Lia, Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M, Muller, Cornelia, Mus Mejas, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M, Nakamura, Masanori, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A, Okino, Hiroki, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N, Oyama, Tomoaki, Palumbo, Daniel C M, Porth, Oliver, Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Pötzl, Felix M, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G, Raymond, Alexander W, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L J, Sanchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J, Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P J, Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Bemmel, Isle van, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R, Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wiik, Kaj, Wu, Qingwen, Young, Andre, Young, Ken, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Yao, Zhao, Guang-Yao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, The event horizon telescope collaboration, Pesce, Dominic W., Broderick, Avery E, Wong, George N, Dhruv, Vedant, Wielgus, Maciek, Gammie, Charles F, Chan, Chi-Kwan, Chatterjee, Koushik, Emami, Razieh, Mizuno, Yosuke, Gold, Roman, Fromm, Christian M., Ricarte, Angelo, Yoon, Doosoo, Joshi, Abhishek V, Prather, Ben, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Johnson, Michael D, Port, Oliver, Olivares, Hector, Younsi, Ziri, Rezzolla, Luciano, Vos, Jesse, Wiu, Richard, Nathanail, Antonios, Narayan, Ramesh, Chael, Andrew, Anantua, Richard, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Li, Yan-Rong, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Boland, Wilfred, Benson, Bradford A, Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L, Bower, Geoffery C, Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D, Brissenden, Roger, Brtizen, Silke, Broguiere, Domonique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E, MacDonald, Nicholas R, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Feryal, Zel, Conway, John E, Cordes, James M, Crawford, Thomas M, Crew, Geoffrey B, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelcia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Psaltis, Dimitrios, Doeleman, Sheperd S, Rose, Mel, Toma, Kenji, Eatough, Ralph P, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L, Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Moriyama, Kotaro, Friberg, Per, Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Garcia, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo L, Gómez, José L, Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Hecht, Michael H, Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C, Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L, Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H, Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J, Jannuzi, Buell T, Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K, Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M, Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R, Lee, Sang-Sung, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P, Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J, Lu, Ru-Sen, Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P, Marscher, Alan P, Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D, Menten, Karl M, Medeiros, Lia, Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M, Muller, Cornelia, Mus Mejas, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M, Nakamura, Masanori, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A, Okino, Hiroki, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N, Oyama, Tomoaki, Palumbo, Daniel C M, Porth, Oliver, Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Pötzl, Felix M, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G, Raymond, Alexander W, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L J, Sanchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J, Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P J, Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Bemmel, Isle van, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R, Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wiik, Kaj, Wu, Qingwen, Young, Andre, Young, Ken, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Yao, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan
Abstract: Recent developments in very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) have made it possible for the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) to resolve the innermost accretion flows of the largest supermassive black holes on the sky. The sparse nature of the EHT's (u, v)-coverage presents a challenge when attempting to resolve highly time-variable sources. We demonstrate that the changing (u, v)-coverage of the EHT can contain regions of time over the course of a single observation that facilitate dynamical imaging. These optimal time regions typically have projected baseline distributions that are approximately angularly isotropic and radially homogeneous. We derive a metric of coverage quality based on baseline isotropy and density that is capable of ranking array configurations by their ability to produce accurate dynamical reconstructions. We compare this metric to existing metrics in the literature and investigate their utility by performing dynamical reconstructions on synthetic data from simulated EHT observations of sources with simple orbital variability. We then use these results to make recommendations for imaging the 2017 EHT Sgr A* data set.
Published: 2022

32. A Universal Power-law Prescription for Variability from Synthetic Images of Black Hole Accretion Flows

Author: Georgiev, Boris, Pesce, Dominic W., Broderick, Avery E, Wong, George N, Dhruv, Vedant, Wielgus, Maciek, Gammie, Charles F, Chan, Chi-Kwan, Chatterjee, Koushik, Emami, Razieh, Mizuno, Yosuke, Gold, Roman, FRomm, Christian M., Ricarte, Angelo, Yoon, Doosoo, Joshi, Abhishek V, Prather, Ben, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Johnson, Michael D, Port, Oliver, Olivares, Hector, Younsi, Ziri, Rezzolla, Luciano, Vos, Jesse, Wiu, Richard, Nathanail, Antonios, Narayan, Ramesh, Chael, Andrew, Anantua, Richard, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A, Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L, Bower, Geoffery C, Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D, Brissenden, Roger, Brtizen, Silke, Broguiere, Domonique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E, Ceccobello, Chiara, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S, Conway, John E, Cordes, James M, Crawford, Thomas M, Crew, Geoffrey B, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelcia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S, Dougal, Sean, Dzib, Sergio A, Eatough, Ralph P, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L, Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T, Friberg, Per, Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Garcia, Roberto, Fentaz, Olivier, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo L, Gómez, José L, Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Haworth, Kari, Hecht, Michael H, Hesper, Ronald, Herumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C, Ho, Paul, Honman, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L, Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H, Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C M Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J, Jannuzi, Buell T, Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K, Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Hunhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofugi, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M, Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, La Bella, Noemi, Lauer, Tod R, Lee, Daeyoung, Lee, Sang-Sung, Lehner, Luis, Leung, Po Kin, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P, Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J, Lu, Ru-Sen, Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P, Marscher, Alan P, Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D, Menten, Karl M, Michalik, Daniel, Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M, Moriyama, Kotaro, Muller, Cornelia, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M, Nakamura, Masanori, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A, Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N, Oyama, Tomoaki, Palumbo, Daniel C M, Paraschos, Georgios, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Pötzl, Felix M, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G, Raymond, Alexander W, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L, Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L J, Sanchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Porta, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfel, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Souccar, Kamal, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J, Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P J, Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, Bemmel, Isle van, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R, Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F, Wu, Qingwen, Yamaguchi, Paul, Young, Andre, Young, Ken, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Guang-Yao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Georgiev, Boris, Pesce, Dominic W., Broderick, Avery E, Wong, George N, Dhruv, Vedant, Wielgus, Maciek, Gammie, Charles F, Chan, Chi-Kwan, Chatterjee, Koushik, Emami, Razieh, Mizuno, Yosuke, Gold, Roman, FRomm, Christian M., Ricarte, Angelo, Yoon, Doosoo, Joshi, Abhishek V, Prather, Ben, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Johnson, Michael D, Port, Oliver, Olivares, Hector, Younsi, Ziri, Rezzolla, Luciano, Vos, Jesse, Wiu, Richard, Nathanail, Antonios, Narayan, Ramesh, Chael, Andrew, Anantua, Richard, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A, Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L, Bower, Geoffery C, Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D, Brissenden, Roger, Brtizen, Silke, Broguiere, Domonique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E, Ceccobello, Chiara, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S, Conway, John E, Cordes, James M, Crawford, Thomas M, Crew, Geoffrey B, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelcia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S, Dougal, Sean, Dzib, Sergio A, Eatough, Ralph P, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L, Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T, Friberg, Per, Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Garcia, Roberto, Fentaz, Olivier, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo L, Gómez, José L, Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Haworth, Kari, Hecht, Michael H, Hesper, Ronald, Herumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C, Ho, Paul, Honman, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L, Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H, Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C M Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J, Jannuzi, Buell T, Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K, Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Hunhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofugi, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M, Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, La Bella, Noemi, Lauer, Tod R, Lee, Daeyoung, Lee, Sang-Sung, Lehner, Luis, Leung, Po Kin, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P, Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J, Lu, Ru-Sen, Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P, Marscher, Alan P, Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D, Menten, Karl M, Michalik, Daniel, Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M, Moriyama, Kotaro, Muller, Cornelia, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M, Nakamura, Masanori, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A, Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N, Oyama, Tomoaki, Palumbo, Daniel C M, Paraschos, Georgios, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Pötzl, Felix M, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G, Raymond, Alexander W, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L, Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L J, Sanchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Porta, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfel, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Souccar, Kamal, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J, Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P J, Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, Bemmel, Isle van, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R, Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F, Wu, Qingwen, Yamaguchi, Paul, Young, Andre, Young, Ken, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan
Abstract: We present a framework for characterizing the spatiotemporal power spectrum of the variability expected from the horizon-scale emission structure around supermassive black holes, and we apply this framework to a library of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations and associated general relativistic ray-traced images relevant for Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sgr A*. We find that the variability power spectrum is generically a red-noise process in both the temporal and spatial dimensions, with the peak in power occurring on the longest timescales and largest spatial scales. When both the time-averaged source structure and the spatially integrated light-curve variability are removed, the residual power spectrum exhibits a universal broken power-law behavior. On small spatial frequencies, the residual power spectrum rises as the square of the spatial frequency and is proportional to the variance in the centroid of emission. Beyond some peak in variability power, the residual power spectrum falls as that of the time-averaged source structure, which is similar across simulations; this behavior can be naturally explained if the variability arises from a multiplicative random field that has a steeper high-frequency power-law index than that of the time-averaged source structure. We briefly explore the ability of power spectral variability studies to constrain physical parameters relevant for the GRMHD simulations, which can be scaled to provide predictions for black holes in a range of systems in the optically thin regime. We present specific expectations for the behavior of the M87* and Sgr A* accretion flows as observed by the EHT.
Published: 2022

33. Millimeter Light Curves of Sagittarius A* Observed during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Author: Georgiev, Boris, Pesce, Dominic W., Broderick, Avery E, Wong, George N, Dhruv, Vedant, Wielgus, Maciek, Gammie, Charles F, Chan, Chi-Kwan, Chatterjee, Koushik, Emami, Razieh, Mizuno, Yosuke, Gold, Roman, Fromm, Christian M., Ricarte, Angelo, Yoon, Doosoo, Joshi, Abhishek V, Prather, Ben, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Johnson, Michael D, Port, Oliver, Olivares, Hector, Younsi, Ziri, Rezzolla, Luciano, Vos, Jesse, Wiu, Richard, Nathanail, Antonios, Narayan, Ramesh, Chael, Andrew, Anantua, Richard, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A, Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L, Bower, Geoffery C, Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D, Brissenden, Roger, Brtizen, Silke, Broguiere, Domonique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E, Ceccobello, Chiara, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S, Conway, John E, Cordes, James M, Crawford, Thomas M, Crew, Geoffrey B, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelcia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S, Dougal, Sean, Dzib, Sergio A, Eatough, Ralph P, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L, Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T, Friberg, Per, Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Garcia, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo L, Gómez, José L, Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Haworth, Kari, Hecht, Michael H, Hesper, Ronald, Herumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C, Ho, Paul, Honman, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L, Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H, Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C M Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J, Jannuzi, Buell T, Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K, Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Hunhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofugi, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M, Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, La Bella, Noemi, Lauer, Tod R, Lee, Daeyoung, Lee, Sang-Sung, Lehner, Luis, Leung, Po Kin, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P, Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J, Lu, Ru-Sen, Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P, Marscher, Alan P, Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D, Menten, Karl M, Michalik, Daniel, Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M, Moriyama, Kotaro, Muller, Cornelia, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M, Nakamura, Masanori, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A, Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N, Oyama, Tomoaki, Palumbo, Daniel C M, Paraschos, Georgios, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Pötzl, Felix M, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G, Raymond, Alexander W, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L, Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L J, Sanchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Porta, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfel, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Souccar, Kamal, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J, Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P J, Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, Bemmel, Isle van, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R, Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F, Wu, Qingwen, Yamaguchi, Paul, Young, Andre, Young, Ken, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Guang-Yao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Boland, Wilfred, Özel, Feryal, Porth, Oliver, Georgiev, Boris, Pesce, Dominic W., Broderick, Avery E, Wong, George N, Dhruv, Vedant, Wielgus, Maciek, Gammie, Charles F, Chan, Chi-Kwan, Chatterjee, Koushik, Emami, Razieh, Mizuno, Yosuke, Gold, Roman, Fromm, Christian M., Ricarte, Angelo, Yoon, Doosoo, Joshi, Abhishek V, Prather, Ben, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Johnson, Michael D, Port, Oliver, Olivares, Hector, Younsi, Ziri, Rezzolla, Luciano, Vos, Jesse, Wiu, Richard, Nathanail, Antonios, Narayan, Ramesh, Chael, Andrew, Anantua, Richard, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A, Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L, Bower, Geoffery C, Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D, Brissenden, Roger, Brtizen, Silke, Broguiere, Domonique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E, Ceccobello, Chiara, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S, Conway, John E, Cordes, James M, Crawford, Thomas M, Crew, Geoffrey B, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelcia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S, Dougal, Sean, Dzib, Sergio A, Eatough, Ralph P, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L, Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T, Friberg, Per, Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Garcia, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo L, Gómez, José L, Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Haworth, Kari, Hecht, Michael H, Hesper, Ronald, Herumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C, Ho, Paul, Honman, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L, Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H, Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C M Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J, Jannuzi, Buell T, Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K, Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Hunhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofugi, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M, Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, La Bella, Noemi, Lauer, Tod R, Lee, Daeyoung, Lee, Sang-Sung, Lehner, Luis, Leung, Po Kin, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P, Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J, Lu, Ru-Sen, Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P, Marscher, Alan P, Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D, Menten, Karl M, Michalik, Daniel, Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M, Moriyama, Kotaro, Muller, Cornelia, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M, Nakamura, Masanori, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A, Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N, Oyama, Tomoaki, Palumbo, Daniel C M, Paraschos, Georgios, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Pötzl, Felix M, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G, Raymond, Alexander W, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L, Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L J, Sanchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Porta, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfel, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Souccar, Kamal, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J, Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P J, Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, Bemmel, Isle van, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R, Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F, Wu, Qingwen, Yamaguchi, Paul, Young, Andre, Young, Ken, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Guang-Yao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Boland, Wilfred, Özel, Feryal, and Porth, Oliver
Abstract: The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the compact radio source, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), in the Galactic Center on 2017 April 5–11 in the 1.3 mm wavelength band. At the same time, interferometric array data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and the Submillimeter Array were collected, providing Sgr A* light curves simultaneous with the EHT observations. These data sets, complementing the EHT very long baseline interferometry, are characterized by a cadence and signal-to-noise ratio previously unattainable for Sgr A* at millimeter wavelengths, and they allow for the investigation of source variability on timescales as short as a minute. While most of the light curves correspond to a low variability state of Sgr A*, the April 11 observations follow an X-ray flare and exhibit strongly enhanced variability. All of the light curves are consistent with a red-noise process, with a power spectral density (PSD) slope measured to be between −2 and −3 on timescales between 1 minute and several hours. Our results indicate a steepening of the PSD slope for timescales shorter than 0.3 hr. The spectral energy distribution is flat at 220 GHz, and there are no time lags between the 213 and 229 GHz frequency bands, suggesting low optical depth for the event horizon scale source. We characterize Sgr A*'s variability, highlighting the different behavior observed just after the X-ray flare, and use Gaussian process modeling to extract a decorrelation timescale and a PSD slope. We also investigate the systematic calibration uncertainties by analyzing data from independent data reduction pipelines.
Published: 2022

34. Characterizing and Mitigating Intraday Variability: Reconstructing Source Structure in Accreting Black Holes with mm-VLBI

Author: Broderick, Avery E., Gold, Roman, Georgiev, Boris, Pesce, Dominic W., Tiede, Paul, Ni, Chunchong, Moriyama, Kotaro, Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Ceccobello, Chiara, Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S., Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Dhruv, Vedant, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Dougal, Sean, Dzib, Sergio A., Eatough, Ralph P., Emami, Razieh, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gómez, José L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Haworth, Kari, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Heumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Joshi, Abhishek V., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Bella, Noemi La, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Daeyoung, Lee, Sang-Sung, Leung, Po Kin, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., Lu, Ru-Sen, Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Menten, Karl M., Michalik, Daniel, Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfeld, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Souccar, Kamal, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Vos, Jesse, Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F., Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Broderick, Avery E., Gold, Roman, Georgiev, Boris, Pesce, Dominic W., Tiede, Paul, Ni, Chunchong, Moriyama, Kotaro, Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Ceccobello, Chiara, Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S., Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Dhruv, Vedant, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Dougal, Sean, Dzib, Sergio A., Eatough, Ralph P., Emami, Razieh, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gómez, José L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Haworth, Kari, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Heumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Joshi, Abhishek V., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Bella, Noemi La, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Daeyoung, Lee, Sang-Sung, Leung, Po Kin, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., Lu, Ru-Sen, Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Menten, Karl M., Michalik, Daniel, Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfeld, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Souccar, Kamal, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Vos, Jesse, Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F., Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, Zhang, Shuo, and Zhao, Shan-Shan
Abstract: The extraordinary physical resolution afforded by the Event Horizon Telescope has opened a window onto the astrophysical phenomena unfolding on horizon scales in two known black holes, M87* and Sgr A*. However, with this leap in resolution has come a new set of practical complications. Sgr A* exhibits intraday variability that violates the assumptions underlying Earth aperture synthesis, limiting traditional image reconstruction methods to short timescales and data sets with very sparse (u, v) coverage. We present a new set of tools to detect and mitigate this variability. We develop a data-driven, model-agnostic procedure to detect and characterize the spatial structure of intraday variability. This method is calibrated against a large set of mock data sets, producing an empirical estimator of the spatial power spectrum of the brightness fluctuations. We present a novel Bayesian noise modeling algorithm that simultaneously reconstructs an average image and statistical measure of the fluctuations about it using a parameterized form for the excess variance in the complex visibilities not otherwise explained by the statistical errors. These methods are validated using a variety of simulated data, including general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations appropriate for Sgr A* and M87*. We find that the reconstructed source structure and variability are robust to changes in the underlying image model. We apply these methods to the 2017 EHT observations of M87*, finding evidence for variability across the EHT observing campaign. The variability mitigation strategies presented are widely applicable to very long baseline interferometry observations of variable sources generally, for which they provide a data-informed averaging procedure and natural characterization of inter-epoch image consistency.
Published: 2022

35. First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. Testing the Black Hole Metric

Author: Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Ceccobello, Chiara, Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S., Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Dhruv, Vedant, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Dougal, Sean, Dzib, Sergio A., Eatough, Ralph P., Emami, Razieh, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gómez, José L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Haworth, Kari, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Heumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Joshi, Abhishek V., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Bella, Noemi La, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Daeyoung, Lee, Sang-Sung, Leung, Po Kin, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., Lu, Ru-Sen, Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Michalik, Daniel, Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfeld, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Souccar, Kamal, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Vos, Jesse, Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F., Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Guang-Yao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Ceccobello, Chiara, Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S., Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Dhruv, Vedant, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Dougal, Sean, Dzib, Sergio A., Eatough, Ralph P., Emami, Razieh, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gómez, José L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Haworth, Kari, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Heumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Joshi, Abhishek V., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Bella, Noemi La, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Daeyoung, Lee, Sang-Sung, Leung, Po Kin, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., Lu, Ru-Sen, Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Michalik, Daniel, Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfeld, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Souccar, Kamal, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Vos, Jesse, Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F., Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan
Abstract: Astrophysical black holes are expected to be described by the Kerr metric. This is the only stationary, vacuum, axisymmetric metric, without electromagnetic charge, that satisfies Einstein’s equations and does not have pathologies outside of the event horizon. We present new constraints on potential deviations from the Kerr prediction based on 2017 EHT observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). We calibrate the relationship between the geometrically defined black hole shadow and the observed size of the ring-like images using a library that includes both Kerr and non-Kerr simulations. We use the exquisite prior constraints on the mass-to-distance ratio for Sgr A* to show that the observed image size is within ∼10% of the Kerr predictions. We use these bounds to constrain metrics that are parametrically different from Kerr, as well as the charges of several known spacetimes. To consider alternatives to the presence of an event horizon, we explore the possibility that Sgr A* is a compact object with a surface that either absorbs and thermally reemits incident radiation or partially reflects it. Using the observed image size and the broadband spectrum of Sgr A*, we conclude that a thermal surface can be ruled out and a fully reflective one is unlikely. We compare our results to the broader landscape of gravitational tests. Together with the bounds found for stellar-mass black holes and the M87 black hole, our observations provide further support that the external spacetimes of all black holes are described by the Kerr metric, independent of their mass.
Published: 2022

36. Millimeter Light Curves of Sagittarius A* Observed during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Author: Wielgus, Maciek, primary, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Issaoun, Sara, additional, Neilsen, Joey, additional, Nowak, Michael A., additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, Goddi, Ciriaco, additional, Haggard, Daryl, additional, Lee, Daeyoung, additional, Moscibrodzka, Monika, additional, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Chan, Chi-kwan, additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Chesler, Paul M., additional, Dexter, Jason, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Georgiev, Boris, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Mus, Alejandro, additional, Psaltis, Dimitrios, additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Witzel, Gunther, additional, Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Carlos Algaba, Juan, additional, Anantua, Richard, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Bach, Uwe, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Ball, David, additional, Baloković, Mislav, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Bauböck, Michi, additional, Benson, Bradford A., additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Blundell, Raymond, additional, Boland, Wilfred, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Boyce, Hope, additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broderick, Avery E., additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Bustamante, Sandra, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Ceccobello, Chiara, additional, Chael, Andrew, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen, Yongjun, additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Christian, Pierre, additional, Conroy, Nicholas S., additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crawford, Thomas M., additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, additional, Cui, Yuzhu, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, Dhruv, Vedant, additional, Dzib, Sergio A., additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Emami, Razieh, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Farah, Joseph, additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Alyson Ford, H., additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Freeman, William T., additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Fuentes, Antonio, additional, Galison, Peter, additional, García, Roberto, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Gold, Roman, additional, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Gu, Minfeng, additional, Hada, Kazuhiro, additional, Haworth, Kari, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Ikeda, Shiro, additional, Violette Impellizzeri, C. M., additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, James, David J., additional, Jannuzi, Buell T., additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiang, Wu, additional, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Joshi, Abhishek V., additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Kawashima, Tomohisa, additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Dong-Jin, additional, Kim, Jae-Young, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kim, Junhan, additional, Kino, Motoki, additional, Yi Koay, Jun, additional, Kocherlakota, Prashant, additional, Kofuji, Yutaro, additional, Koch, Patrick M., additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, La Bella, Noemi, additional, Lauer, Tod R., additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Kin Leung, Po, additional, Levis, Aviad, additional, Li, Zhiyuan, additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Lindahl, Greg, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Lisakov, Mikhail, additional, Liu, Jun, additional, Liu, Kuo, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Lonsdale, Colin, additional, Lu, Ru-Sen, additional, Mao, Jirong, additional, Markoff, Sera, additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Medeiros, Lia, additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Michalik, Daniel, additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Musoke, Gibwa, additional, Myserlis, Ioannis, additional, Nadolski, Andrew, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayan, Ramesh, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Nathanail, Antonios, additional, Navarro Fuentes, Santiago, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Oh, Junghwan, additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, Özel, Feryal, additional, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Filippos Paraschos, Georgios, additional, Park, Jongho, additional, Parsons, Harriet, additional, Patel, Nimesh, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Pötzl, Felix M., additional, Prather, Ben, additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Ricarte, Angelo, additional, Roelofs, Freek, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Romero-Canizales, Cristina, additional, Roshanineshat, Arash, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Ruiz, Ignacio, additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, additional, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Satapathy, Kaushik, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Peter Schloerb, F., additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen, Zhiqiang, additional, Small, Des, additional, Won Sohn, Bong, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Souccar, Kamal, additional, Sun, He, additional, Tazaki, Fumie, additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Torne, Pablo, additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, Trent, Tyler, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, van Bemmel, Ilse, additional, Jan van Langevelde, Huib, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Vos, Jesse, additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Wex, Norbert, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Wiik, Kaj, additional, Wondrak, Michael F., additional, Wong, George N., additional, Wu, Qingwen, additional, Yamaguchi, Paul, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Yuan, Feng, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Anton Zensus, J., additional, Zhang, Shuo, additional, Zhao, Guang-Yao, additional, and Zhao, Shan-Shan, additional
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. A Universal Power-law Prescription for Variability from Synthetic Images of Black Hole Accretion Flows

Author: Georgiev, Boris, primary, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Broderick, Avery E., additional, Wong, George N., additional, Dhruv, Vedant, additional, Wielgus, Maciek, additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, Chan, Chi-kwan, additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Emami, Razieh, additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Gold, Roman, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Ricarte, Angelo, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Joshi, Abhishek V., additional, Prather, Ben, additional, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Vos, Jesse, additional, Qiu, Richard, additional, Nathanail, Antonios, additional, Narayan, Ramesh, additional, Chael, Andrew, additional, Anantua, Richard, additional, Moscibrodzka, Monika, additional, Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Algaba, Juan Carlos, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Bach, Uwe, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Ball, David, additional, Baloković, Mislav, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Bauböck, Michi, additional, Benson, Bradford A., additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Blundell, Raymond, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Boyce, Hope, additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Bustamante, Sandra, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Ceccobello, Chiara, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen, Yongjun, additional, Cheng, Xiaopeng, additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Christian, Pierre, additional, Conroy, Nicholas S., additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crawford, Thomas M., additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Cui, Yuzhu, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, Laurentis, Mariafelicia De, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, Dexter, Jason, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Dougal, Sean, additional, Dzib, Sergio A., additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Farah, Joseph, additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Ford, H. Alyson, additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Freeman, William T., additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fuentes, Antonio, additional, Galison, Peter, additional, García, Roberto, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Goddi, Ciriaco, additional, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Gu, Minfeng, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Hada, Kazuhiro, additional, Haggard, Daryl, additional, Haworth, Kari, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Heumann, Dirk, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Ikeda, Shiro, additional, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, Issaoun, Sara, additional, James, David J., additional, Jannuzi, Buell T., additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiang, Wu, additional, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Kawashima, Tomohisa, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Dong-Jin, additional, Kim, Jae-Young, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kim, Junhan, additional, Kino, Motoki, additional, Koay, Jun Yi, additional, Kocherlakota, Prashant, additional, Kofuji, Yutaro, additional, Koch, Patrick M., additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, Bella, Noemi La, additional, Lauer, Tod R., additional, Lee, Daeyoung, additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Lehner, Luis, additional, Leung, Po Kin, additional, Levis, Aviad, additional, Li, Zhiyuan, additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Lindahl, Greg, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Lisakov, Mikhail, additional, Liu, Jun, additional, Liu, Kuo, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Lonsdale, Colin J., additional, Lu, Ru-Sen, additional, Mao, Jirong, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Markoff, Sera, additional, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Michalik, Daniel, additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Mus, Alejandro, additional, Musoke, Gibwa, additional, Myserlis, Ioannis, additional, Nadolski, Andrew, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, additional, Neilsen, Joey, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Nowak, Michael A., additional, Oh, Junghwan, additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, additional, Park, Jongho, additional, Parsons, Harriet, additional, Patel, Nimesh, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Pötzl, Felix M., additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Roelofs, Freek, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, additional, Roshanineshat, Arash, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Ruiz, Ignacio, additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, additional, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Satapathy, Kaushik, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Schloerb, F. Peter, additional, Schonfeld, Jonathan, additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen, Zhiqiang, additional, Small, Des, additional, Sohn, Bong Won, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Souccar, Kamal, additional, Sun, He, additional, Tazaki, Fumie, additional, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Torne, Pablo, additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, Trent, Tyler, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, Turk, Matthew, additional, Bemmel, Ilse van, additional, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Wex, Norbert, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Wiik, Kaj, additional, Witzel, Gunther, additional, Wondrak, Michael F., additional, Wu, Qingwen, additional, Yamaguchi, Paul, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Yuan, Feng, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Zensus, J. Anton, additional, Zhang, Shuo, additional, Zhao, Guang-Yao, additional, and Zhao, Shan-Shan, additional
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Selective Dynamical Imaging of Interferometric Data

Author: Farah, Joseph, primary, Galison, Peter, additional, Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Chael, Andrew, additional, Fuentes, Antonio, additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Kofuji, Yutaro, additional, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Narayan, Ramesh, additional, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, Wielgus, Maciek, additional, Zhao, Guang-Yao, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Algaba, Juan Carlos, additional, Anantua, Richard, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Ball, David, additional, Baloković, Mislav, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Benson, Bradford A., additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Blundell, Raymond, additional, Boland, Wilfred, additional, Boyce, Hope, additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broderick, Avery E., additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Bustamente, Sandra, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Chan, Chi-kwan, additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen, Yongjun, additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Christian, Pierre, additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crawford, Thomas M., additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, additional, Cui, Yuzhu, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, Laurentis, Mariafelicia De, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Ford, H. Alyson, additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, Garc’a, Roberto, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Goddi, Ciriaco, additional, Gold, Roman, additional, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., additional, Gu, Minfeng, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Hada, Kazuhiro, additional, Haggard, Daryl, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Ikeda, Shiro, additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, Issaoun, Sara, additional, James, David J., additional, Jannuzi, Buell T., additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiang, Wu, additional, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Kawashima, Tomohisa, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Dong-Jin, additional, Kim, Jae-Young, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kim, Junhan, additional, Kino, Motoki, additional, Koay, Jun Yi, additional, Koch, Patrick M., additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, Lauer, Tod R., additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Levis, Aviad, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Li, Zhiyuan, additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Lindahl, Greg, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Liu, Jun, additional, Liu, Kuo, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Lonsdale, Colin, additional, Lu, Ru-Sen, additional, MacDonald, Nicholas R., additional, Mao, Jirong, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Markoff, Sera, additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Medeiros, Lia, additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Moscibrodzka, Monika, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Mejas, Alejandro Mus, additional, Musoke, Gibwa, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Nathanail, Antonios, additional, Neilsen, Joey, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Nowak, Michael A., additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, zel, Feryal, additional, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Park, Jongho, additional, Patel, Nimesh, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Pötzl, Felix M., additional, Prather, Ben, additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Psaltis, Dimitrios, additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Roelofs, Freek, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Rose, Mel, additional, Roshanineshat, Arash, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Schloerb, F. Peter, additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen, Zhiqiang, additional, Small, Des, additional, Sohn, Bong Won, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Sun, He, additional, Tazaki, Fumie, additional, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Toma, Kenji, additional, Torne, Pablo, additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, Trent, Tyler, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, Bemmel, Ilse van, additional, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Wex, Norbert, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Wiik, Kaj, additional, Wong, George N., additional, Wu, Qingwen, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Yuan, Feng, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Zensus, J. Anton, additional, and Zhao, Shan-Shan, additional
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. Characterizing and Mitigating Intraday Variability: Reconstructing Source Structure in Accreting Black Holes with mm-VLBI

Author: Broderick, Avery E., primary, Gold, Roman, additional, Georgiev, Boris, additional, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Algaba, Juan Carlos, additional, Anantua, Richard, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Bach, Uwe, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Ball, David, additional, Baloković, Mislav, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Bauböck, Michi, additional, Benson, Bradford A., additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Blundell, Raymond, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Boyce, Hope, additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Bustamante, Sandra, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Ceccobello, Chiara, additional, Chael, Andrew, additional, Chan, Chi-kwan, additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen, Yongjun, additional, Cheng, Xiaopeng, additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Christian, Pierre, additional, Conroy, Nicholas S., additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crawford, Thomas M., additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, additional, Cui, Yuzhu, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, Dexter, Jason, additional, Dhruv, Vedant, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Dougal, Sean, additional, Dzib, Sergio A., additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Emami, Razieh, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Farah, Joseph, additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Ford, H. Alyson, additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Freeman, William T., additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Fuentes, Antonio, additional, Galison, Peter, additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, García, Roberto, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Goddi, Ciriaco, additional, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Gu, Minfeng, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Hada, Kazuhiro, additional, Haggard, Daryl, additional, Haworth, Kari, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Heumann, Dirk, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Ikeda, Shiro, additional, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, Issaoun, Sara, additional, James, David J., additional, Jannuzi, Buell T., additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiang, Wu, additional, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Joshi, Abhishek V., additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Kawashima, Tomohisa, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Dong-Jin, additional, Kim, Jae-Young, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kim, Junhan, additional, Kino, Motoki, additional, Koay, Jun Yi, additional, Kocherlakota, Prashant, additional, Kofuji, Yutaro, additional, Koch, Patrick M., additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, Bella, Noemi La, additional, Lauer, Tod R., additional, Lee, Daeyoung, additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Leung, Po Kin, additional, Levis, Aviad, additional, Li, Zhiyuan, additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Lindahl, Greg, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Lisakov, Mikhail, additional, Liu, Jun, additional, Liu, Kuo, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Lonsdale, Colin J., additional, Lu, Ru-Sen, additional, Mao, Jirong, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Markoff, Sera, additional, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Michalik, Daniel, additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Moscibrodzka, Monika, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Mus, Alejandro, additional, Musoke, Gibwa, additional, Myserlis, Ioannis, additional, Nadolski, Andrew, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayan, Ramesh, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Nathanail, Antonios, additional, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, additional, Neilsen, Joey, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Nowak, Michael A., additional, Oh, Junghwan, additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, additional, Park, Jongho, additional, Parsons, Harriet, additional, Patel, Nimesh, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Pötzl, Felix M., additional, Prather, Ben, additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Ricarte, Angelo, additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Roelofs, Freek, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, additional, Roshanineshat, Arash, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Ruiz, Ignacio, additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Sánchez-Argüelles, David, additional, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Satapathy, Kaushik, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Schloerb, F. Peter, additional, Schonfeld, Jonathan, additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen, Zhiqiang, additional, Small, Des, additional, Sohn, Bong Won, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Souccar, Kamal, additional, Sun, He, additional, Tazaki, Fumie, additional, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Torne, Pablo, additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, Trent, Tyler, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, Turk, Matthew, additional, van Bemmel, Ilse, additional, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Vos, Jesse, additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Wex, Norbert, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Wielgus, Maciek, additional, Wiik, Kaj, additional, Witzel, Gunther, additional, Wondrak, Michael F., additional, Wong, George N., additional, Wu, Qingwen, additional, Yamaguchi, Paul, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Yuan, Feng, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Zensus, J. Anton, additional, Zhao, Guang-Yao, additional, Zhang, Shuo, additional, and Zhao, Shan-Shan, additional
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. The Variability of the Black Hole Image in M87 at the Dynamical Timescale

Author: Satapathy, Kaushik, primary, Psaltis, Dimitrios, additional, Özel, Feryal, additional, Medeiros, Lia, additional, Dougall, Sean T., additional, Chan, Chi-Kwan, additional, Wielgus, Maciek, additional, Prather, Ben S., additional, Wong, George N., additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Algaba, Juan Carlos, additional, Anantua, Richard, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Ball, David, additional, Baloković, Mislav, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Benson, Bradford A., additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Blundell, Raymond, additional, Boland, Wilfred, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Boyce, Hope, additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broderick, Avery E., additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Bustamente, Sandra, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Chael, Andrew, additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen, Yongjun, additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Christian, Pierre, additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crawford, Thomas M., additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, additional, Cui, Yuzhu, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, Dexter, Jason, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Farah, Joseph, additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Ford, H. Alyson, additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Fuentes, Antonio, additional, Galison, Peter, additional, García, Roberto, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Georgiev, Boris, additional, Goddi, Ciriaco, additional, Gold, Roman, additional, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Gu, Minfeng, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Hada, Kazuhiro, additional, Haggard, Daryl, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Ikeda, Shiro, additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, Issaoun, Sara, additional, James, David J., additional, Jannuzi, Buell T., additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiang, Wu, additional, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Kawashima, Tomohisa, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Dong-Jin, additional, Kim, Jae-Young, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kim, Junhan, additional, Kino, Motoki, additional, Koay, Jun Yi, additional, Kofuji, Yutaro, additional, Koch, Patrick M., additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, Lauer, Tod R., additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Levis, Aviad, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Li, Zhiyuan, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Lindahl, Greg, additional, Liu, Jun, additional, Liu, Kuo, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Lonsdale, Colin, additional, Lu, Ru-Sen, additional, MacDonald, Nicholas R., additional, Mao, Jirong, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Markoff, Sera, additional, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Moscibrodzka, Monika, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, additional, Musoke, Gibwa, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayan, Ramesh, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Nathanail, Antonios, additional, Neilsen, Joey, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Nowak, Michael A., additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Park, Jongho, additional, Patel, Nimesh, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Pötzl, Felix M., additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Roelofs, Freek, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Rose, Mel, additional, Roshanineshat, Arash, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Schloerb, F. Peter, additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen, Zhiqiang, additional, Small, Des, additional, Sohn, Bong Won, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Sun, He, additional, Tazaki, Fumie, additional, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Toma, Kenji, additional, Torne, Pablo, additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, Trent, Tyler, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, van Bemmel, Ilse, additional, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Wex, Norbert, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Wiik, Kaj, additional, Wu, Qingwen, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Yuan, Feng, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Zensus, J. Anton, additional, Zhao, Guang-Yao, additional, and Zhao, Shan-Shan, additional
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Author: Algaba, J. C., Anczarski, J., Asada, K., Baloković, M., Chandra, S., Cui, Y.-Z., Falcone, A. D., Giroletti, M., Goddi, C., Hada, K., Haggard, D., Jorstad, S., Kaur, A., Kawashima, T., Keating, G., Kim, J.-Y., Kino, M., Komossa, S., Kravchenko, E. V., Krichbaum, T. P., Lee, S.-S., Lu, R.-S., Lucchini, M., Markoff, S., Neilsen, J., Nowak, M. A., Park, J., Principe, G., Ramakrishnan, V., Reynolds, M. T., Sasada, M., Savchenko, S. S., Williamson, K. E., Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Anantua, Richard, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Barrett, John, Bintley, Dan, Benson, Bradford A., Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Chesler, Paul M., Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Gold, Roman, Gómez, José L., Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Koay, Jun Yi, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Levis, Aviad, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Musoke, Gibwa, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, D’Ammando, F., Orienti, M., Abdalla, H., Adam, R., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Angüner, E. O., Arcaro, C., Armand, C., Armstrong, T., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baghmanyan, V., Barbosa Martins, V., Barnacka, A., Barnard, M., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Breuhaus, M., Brun, F., Brun, P., Bryan, M., Büchele, M., Bulik, T., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Chand, T., Chen, A., Cotter, G., Curyło, M., Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., Davids, I. D., Davies, J., Deil, C., Devin, J., deWilt, P., Dirson, L., Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Donath, A., Doroshenko, V., Duffy, C., Dyks, J., Egberts, K., Eichhorn, F., Einecke, S., Emery, G., Ernenwein, J.-P., Feijen, K., Fegan, S., Fiasson, A., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Füßling, M., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Gottschall, D., Grondin, M.-H., Hahn, J., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Hörbe, M., Horns, D., Huber, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, D., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Kastendieck, M. A., Katarzyński, K., Katz, U., Khangulyan, D., Khélifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Konno, R., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kreter, M., Lamanna, G., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J.-P., Levy, C., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Majumdar, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Mares, A., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Meyer, M., Moderski, R., Mohamed, M., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moore, C., Morris, P., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Nayerhoda, A., de Naurois, M., Ndiyavala, H., Niederwanger, F., Niemiec, J., Oakes, L., O’Brien, P., Odaka, H., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panter, M., Panny, S., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Peyaud, B., Piel, Q., Pita, S., Poireau, V., Noel, A. Priyana, Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Rauth, R., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Remy, Q., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rinchiuso, L., Romoli, C., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sailer, S., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Scalici, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Schwemmer, S., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Senniappan, M., Seyffert, A. S., Shafi, N., Shiningayamwe, K., Simoni, R., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spir-Jacob, M., Stawarz, Ł., Sun, L., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Takahashi, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tiziani, D., Tluczykont, M., Tomankova, L., Trichard, C., Tsirou, M., Tuffs, R., Uchiyama, Y., van der Walt, D. J., van Eldik, C., van Rensburg, C., van Soelen, B., Vasileiadis, G., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vincent, P., Vink, J., Völk, H. J., Vuillaume, T., Wadiasingh, Z., Wagner, S. J., Watson, J., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Yusafzai, A., Zacharias, M., Zanin, R., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., Zorn, J., Zouari, S., Żywucka, N., Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D’Amico, G., D’Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Delgado Mendez, C., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espiñeira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jiménez, I., Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Perennes, C., Persic, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Zarić, D., Adams, C. B., Benbow, W., Brill, A., Capasso, M., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Daniel, M. K., Errando, M., Farrell, K. A, Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gent, A., Giuri, C., Hassan, T., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., Nievas-Rosillo, M., O’Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Patel, S., Pfrang, K., Pohl, M., Prado, R. R., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Ryan, J. L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Williamson, T. J, Hirota, Tomoya, Cui, Lang, Niinuma, Kotaro, Ro, Hyunwook, Sakai, Nobuyuki, Sawada-Satoh, Satoko, Wajima, Kiyoaki, Wang, Na, Liu, Xiang, Yonekura, Yoshinori, Algaba, J. C., Anczarski, J., Asada, K., Baloković, M., Chandra, S., Cui, Y.-Z., Falcone, A. D., Giroletti, M., Goddi, C., Hada, K., Haggard, D., Jorstad, S., Kaur, A., Kawashima, T., Keating, G., Kim, J.-Y., Kino, M., Komossa, S., Kravchenko, E. V., Krichbaum, T. P., Lee, S.-S., Lu, R.-S., Lucchini, M., Markoff, S., Neilsen, J., Nowak, M. A., Park, J., Principe, G., Ramakrishnan, V., Reynolds, M. T., Sasada, M., Savchenko, S. S., Williamson, K. E., Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Anantua, Richard, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Barrett, John, Bintley, Dan, Benson, Bradford A., Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Chesler, Paul M., Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Gold, Roman, Gómez, José L., Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Koay, Jun Yi, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Levis, Aviad, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Musoke, Gibwa, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, D’Ammando, F., Orienti, M., Abdalla, H., Adam, R., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Angüner, E. O., Arcaro, C., Armand, C., Armstrong, T., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Baghmanyan, V., Barbosa Martins, V., Barnacka, A., Barnard, M., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, Breuhaus, M., Brun, F., Brun, P., Bryan, M., Büchele, M., Bulik, T., Bylund, T., Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Chand, T., Chen, A., Cotter, G., Curyło, M., Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., Davids, I. D., Davies, J., Deil, C., Devin, J., deWilt, P., Dirson, L., Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Donath, A., Doroshenko, V., Duffy, C., Dyks, J., Egberts, K., Eichhorn, F., Einecke, S., Emery, G., Ernenwein, J.-P., Feijen, K., Fegan, S., Fiasson, A., de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Füßling, M., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Gottschall, D., Grondin, M.-H., Hahn, J., Haupt, M., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Hörbe, M., Horns, D., Huber, D., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, D., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Joshi, V., Jung-Richardt, I., Kasai, E., Kastendieck, M. A., Katarzyński, K., Katz, U., Khangulyan, D., Khélifi, B., Klepser, S., Kluźniak, W., Komin, Nu., Konno, R., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kreter, M., Lamanna, G., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J.-P., Levy, C., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Majumdar, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marchegiani, P., Marcowith, A., Mares, A., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Meyer, M., Moderski, R., Mohamed, M., Mohrmann, L., Montanari, A., Moore, C., Morris, P., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, K., Nayerhoda, A., de Naurois, M., Ndiyavala, H., Niederwanger, F., Niemiec, J., Oakes, L., O’Brien, P., Odaka, H., Ohm, S., Olivera-Nieto, L., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Panter, M., Panny, S., Parsons, R. D., Peron, G., Peyaud, B., Piel, Q., Pita, S., Poireau, V., Noel, A. Priyana, Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Rauth, R., Reichherzer, P., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Remy, Q., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rinchiuso, L., Romoli, C., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sailer, S., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Scalici, M., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Schwemmer, S., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Senniappan, M., Seyffert, A. S., Shafi, N., Shiningayamwe, K., Simoni, R., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spencer, S., Spir-Jacob, M., Stawarz, Ł., Sun, L., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Steinmassl, S., Steppa, C., Takahashi, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tiziani, D., Tluczykont, M., Tomankova, L., Trichard, C., Tsirou, M., Tuffs, R., Uchiyama, Y., van der Walt, D. J., van Eldik, C., van Rensburg, C., van Soelen, B., Vasileiadis, G., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vincent, P., Vink, J., Völk, H. J., Vuillaume, T., Wadiasingh, Z., Wagner, S. J., Watson, J., Werner, F., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Wong, Yu Wun, Yusafzai, A., Zacharias, M., Zanin, R., Zargaryan, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zhu, S. J., Zorn, J., Zouari, S., Żywucka, N., Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bellizzi, L., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Ceribella, G., Cerruti, M., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colak, S. M., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D’Amico, G., D’Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Delgado Mendez, C., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espiñeira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fattorini, A., Ferrara, G., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Green, J. G., Green, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hoang, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jiménez, I., Jormanainen, J., Jouvin, L., Kajiwara, Y., Karjalainen, M., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B., Maggio, C., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Moretti, E., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Peñil, P., Perennes, C., Persic, M., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Saha, L., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Šnidarić, I., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Takahashi, M., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Zarić, D., Adams, C. B., Benbow, W., Brill, A., Capasso, M., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Daniel, M. K., Errando, M., Farrell, K. A, Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gent, A., Giuri, C., Hassan, T., Hervet, O., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., Nievas-Rosillo, M., O’Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Patel, S., Pfrang, K., Pohl, M., Prado, R. R., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rulten, C., Ryan, J. L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., Williamson, T. J, Hirota, Tomoya, Cui, Lang, Niinuma, Kotaro, Ro, Hyunwook, Sakai, Nobuyuki, Sawada-Satoh, Satoko, Wajima, Kiyoaki, Wang, Na, Liu, Xiang, and Yonekura, Yoshinori
Abstract: In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M ⊙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87’s spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded.
Published: 2021

42. First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon

Author: Akiyama, Kazunori, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Barrett, John, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Chesler, Paul M., Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gelles, Zachary, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gómez, José L., Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Himwich, Elizabeth, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Levis, Aviad, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Musoke, Gibwa, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, Michalik, Daniel, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, Bemmel, Ilse van, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Akiyama, Kazunori, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Barrett, John, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Chesler, Paul M., Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gelles, Zachary, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gómez, José L., Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Himwich, Elizabeth, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Levis, Aviad, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Musoke, Gibwa, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, Michalik, Daniel, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, Bemmel, Ilse van, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan
Abstract: Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations at 230 GHz have now imaged polarized emission around the supermassive black hole in M87 on event-horizon scales. This polarized synchrotron radiation probes the structure of magnetic fields and the plasma properties near the black hole. Here we compare the resolved polarization structure observed by the EHT, along with simultaneous unresolved observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, to expectations from theoretical models. The low fractional linear polarization in the resolved image suggests that the polarization is scrambled on scales smaller than the EHT beam, which we attribute to Faraday rotation internal to the emission region. We estimate the average density n e ∼ 104–7 cm−3, magnetic field strength B ∼ 1–30 G, and electron temperature T e ∼ (1–12) × 1010 K of the radiating plasma in a simple one-zone emission model. We show that the net azimuthal linear polarization pattern may result from organized, poloidal magnetic fields in the emission region. In a quantitative comparison with a large library of simulated polarimetric images from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations, we identify a subset of physical models that can explain critical features of the polarimetric EHT observations while producing a relativistic jet of sufficient power. The consistent GRMHD models are all of magnetically arrested accretion disks, where near-horizon magnetic fields are dynamically important. We use the models to infer a mass accretion rate onto the black hole in M87 of (3–20) × 10−4 M ⊙ yr−1.
Published: 2021

43. First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring

Author: Akiyama, Kazunori, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Barrett, John, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Chesler, Paul M., Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gómez, José L., Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Levis, Aviad, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Musoke, Gibwa, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, Michalik, Daniel, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, Bemmel, Ilse van, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Akiyama, Kazunori, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Barrett, John, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Chesler, Paul M., Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gómez, José L., Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Levis, Aviad, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Müller, Cornelia, Musoke, Gibwa, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, Michalik, Daniel, Nadolski, Andrew, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, Bemmel, Ilse van, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wielgus, Maciek, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan
Abstract: In 2017 April, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the near-horizon region around the supermassive black hole at the core of the M87 galaxy. These 1.3 mm wavelength observations revealed a compact asymmetric ring-like source morphology. This structure originates from synchrotron emission produced by relativistic plasma located in the immediate vicinity of the black hole. Here we present the corresponding linear-polarimetric EHT images of the center of M87. We find that only a part of the ring is significantly polarized. The resolved fractional linear polarization has a maximum located in the southwest part of the ring, where it rises to the level of ∼15%. The polarization position angles are arranged in a nearly azimuthal pattern. We perform quantitative measurements of relevant polarimetric properties of the compact emission and find evidence for the temporal evolution of the polarized source structure over one week of EHT observations. The details of the polarimetric data reduction and calibration methodology are provided. We carry out the data analysis using multiple independent imaging and modeling techniques, each of which is validated against a suite of synthetic data sets. The gross polarimetric structure and its apparent evolution with time are insensitive to the method used to reconstruct the image. These polarimetric images carry information about the structure of the magnetic fields responsible for the synchrotron emission. Their physical interpretation is discussed in an accompanying publication.
Published: 2021

44. The Polarized Image of a Synchrotron-emitting Ring of Gas Orbiting a Black Hole

Author: Narayan, Ramesh, primary, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Gelles, Zachary, additional, Himwich, Elizabeth, additional, Chang, Dominic O., additional, Ricarte, Angelo, additional, Dexter, Jason, additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, Chael, Andrew A., additional, Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Algaba, Juan Carlos, additional, Anantua, Richard, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Ball, David, additional, Baloković, Mislav, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Benson, Bradford A., additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Blundell, Raymond, additional, Boland, Wilfred, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Boyce, Hope, additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broderick, Avery E., additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Chan, Chi-kwan, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen, Yongjun, additional, Chesler, Paul M., additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Christian, Pierre, additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crawford, Thomas M., additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, additional, Cui, Yuzhu, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Farah, Joseph, additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Ford, H. Alyson, additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Fuentes, Antonio, additional, Galison, Peter, additional, García, Roberto, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Georgiev, Boris, additional, Goddi, Ciriaco, additional, Gold, Roman, additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., additional, Gu, Minfeng, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Hada, Kazuhiro, additional, Haggard, Daryl, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Ikeda, Shiro, additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, Issaoun, Sara, additional, James, David J., additional, Jannuzi, Buell T., additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiang, Wu, additional, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Kawashima, Tomohisa, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Dong-Jin, additional, Kim, Jae-Young, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kim, Junhan, additional, Kino, Motoki, additional, Koay, Jun Yi, additional, Kofuji, Yutaro, additional, Koch, Patrick M., additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, Lauer, Tod R., additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Levis, Aviad, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Li, Zhiyuan, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Lindahl, Greg, additional, Liu, Jun, additional, Liu, Kuo, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Lonsdale, Colin, additional, Lu, Ru-Sen, additional, MacDonald, Nicholas R., additional, Mao, Jirong, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Markoff, Sera, additional, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Medeiros, Lia, additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Moscibrodzka, Monika, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Musoke, Gibwa, additional, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Nathanail, Antonios, additional, Neilsen, Joey, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Nowak, Michael A., additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, Özel, Feryal, additional, Park, Jongho, additional, Patel, Nimesh, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Pötzl, Felix M., additional, Prather, Ben, additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Psaltis, Dimitrios, additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Roelofs, Freek, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Rose, Mel, additional, Roshanineshat, Arash, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Schloerb, F. Peter, additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen, Zhiqiang, additional, Small, Des, additional, Sohn, Bong Won, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Sun, He, additional, Tazaki, Fumie, additional, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Toma, Kenji, additional, Torne, Pablo, additional, Trent, Tyler, additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, van Bemmel, Ilse, additional, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Wex, Norbert, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Wielgus, Maciek, additional, Wong, George N., additional, Wu, Qingwen, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Yuan, Feng, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Zensus, J. Anton, additional, Zhao, Guang-Yao, additional, and Zhao, Shan-Shan, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Author: Algaba, J. C., additional, Anczarski, J., additional, Asada, K., additional, Baloković, M., additional, Chandra, S., additional, Cui, Y.-Z., additional, Falcone, A. D., additional, Giroletti, M., additional, Goddi, C., additional, Hada, K., additional, Haggard, D., additional, Jorstad, S., additional, Kaur, A., additional, Kawashima, T., additional, Keating, G., additional, Kim, J.-Y., additional, Kino, M., additional, Komossa, S., additional, Kravchenko, E. V., additional, Krichbaum, T. P., additional, Lee, S.-S., additional, Lu, R.-S., additional, Lucchini, M., additional, Markoff, S., additional, Neilsen, J., additional, Nowak, M. A., additional, Park, J., additional, Principe, G., additional, Ramakrishnan, V., additional, Reynolds, M. T., additional, Sasada, M., additional, Savchenko, S. S., additional, Williamson, K. E., additional, Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Anantua, Richard, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Ball, David, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Benson, Bradford A., additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Blundell, Raymond, additional, Boland, Wilfred, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Boyce, Hope, additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broderick, Avery E., additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Chael, Andrew, additional, Chan, Chi-kwan, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen, Yongjun, additional, Chesler, Paul M., additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Christian, Pierre, additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crawford, Thomas M., additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, Dexter, Jason, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Farah, Joseph, additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Ford, H. Alyson, additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Fuentes, Antonio, additional, Galison, Peter, additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, García, Roberto, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Georgiev, Boris, additional, Gold, Roman, additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., additional, Gu, Minfeng, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Ikeda, Shiro, additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, Issaoun, Sara, additional, James, David J., additional, Jannuzi, Buell T., additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiang, Wu, additional, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Dong-Jin, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kim, Junhan, additional, Koay, Jun Yi, additional, Kofuji, Yutaro, additional, Koch, Patrick M., additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, Lauer, Tod R., additional, Levis, Aviad, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Li, Zhiyuan, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Lindahl, Greg, additional, Liu, Jun, additional, Liu, Kuo, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Lonsdale, Colin, additional, MacDonald, Nicholas R., additional, Mao, Jirong, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Medeiros, Lia, additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Moscibrodzka, Monika, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Musoke, Gibwa, additional, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayan, Ramesh, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Nathanail, Antonios, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, Özel, Feryal, additional, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Patel, Nimesh, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Pötzl, Felix M., additional, Prather, Ben, additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Psaltis, Dimitrios, additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Ricarte, Angelo, additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Roelofs, Freek, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Rose, Mel, additional, Roshanineshat, Arash, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Schloerb, F. Peter, additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen, Zhiqiang, additional, Small, Des, additional, Sohn, Bong Won, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Sun, He, additional, Tazaki, Fumie, additional, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Toma, Kenji, additional, Torne, Pablo, additional, Trent, Tyler, additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, van Bemmel, Ilse, additional, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Wex, Norbert, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Wielgus, Maciek, additional, Wong, George N., additional, Wu, Qingwen, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Yuan, Feng, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Zensus, J. Anton, additional, Zhao, Guang-Yao, additional, Zhao, Shan-Shan, additional, D’Ammando, F., additional, Orienti, M., additional, Abdalla, H., additional, Adam, R., additional, Aharonian, F., additional, Benkhali, F. Ait, additional, Angüner, E. O., additional, Arcaro, C., additional, Armand, C., additional, Armstrong, T., additional, Ashkar, H., additional, Backes, M., additional, Baghmanyan, V., additional, Barbosa Martins, V., additional, Barnacka, A., additional, Barnard, M., additional, Becherini, Y., additional, Berge, D., additional, Bernlöhr, K., additional, Bi, B., additional, Böttcher, M., additional, Boisson, C., additional, Bolmont, J., additional, de Bony de Lavergne, M., additional, Breuhaus, M., additional, Brun, F., additional, Brun, P., additional, Bryan, M., additional, Büchele, M., additional, Bulik, T., additional, Bylund, T., additional, Caroff, S., additional, Carosi, A., additional, Casanova, S., additional, Chand, T., additional, Chen, A., additional, Cotter, G., additional, Curyło, M., additional, Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J., additional, Davids, I. D., additional, Davies, J., additional, Deil, C., additional, Devin, J., additional, deWilt, P., additional, Dirson, L., additional, Djannati-Ataï, A., additional, Dmytriiev, A., additional, Donath, A., additional, Doroshenko, V., additional, Duffy, C., additional, Dyks, J., additional, Egberts, K., additional, Eichhorn, F., additional, Einecke, S., additional, Emery, G., additional, Ernenwein, J.-P., additional, Feijen, K., additional, Fegan, S., additional, Fiasson, A., additional, de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet, additional, Fontaine, G., additional, Funk, S., additional, Füßling, M., additional, Gabici, S., additional, Gallant, Y. A., additional, Giavitto, G., additional, Giunti, L., additional, Glawion, D., additional, Glicenstein, J. F., additional, Gottschall, D., additional, Grondin, M.-H., additional, Hahn, J., additional, Haupt, M., additional, Hermann, G., additional, Hinton, J. A., additional, Hofmann, W., additional, Hoischen, C., additional, Holch, T. L., additional, Holler, M., additional, Hörbe, M., additional, Horns, D., additional, Huber, D., additional, Jamrozy, M., additional, Jankowsky, D., additional, Jankowsky, F., additional, Jardin-Blicq, A., additional, Joshi, V., additional, Jung-Richardt, I., additional, Kasai, E., additional, Kastendieck, M. A., additional, Katarzyński, K., additional, Katz, U., additional, Khangulyan, D., additional, Khélifi, B., additional, Klepser, S., additional, Kluźniak, W., additional, Komin, Nu., additional, Konno, R., additional, Kosack, K., additional, Kostunin, D., additional, Kreter, M., additional, Lamanna, G., additional, Lemière, A., additional, Lemoine-Goumard, M., additional, Lenain, J.-P., additional, Levy, C., additional, Lohse, T., additional, Lypova, I., additional, Mackey, J., additional, Majumdar, J., additional, Malyshev, D., additional, Marandon, V., additional, Marchegiani, P., additional, Marcowith, A., additional, Mares, A., additional, Martí-Devesa, G., additional, Marx, R., additional, Maurin, G., additional, Meintjes, P. J., additional, Meyer, M., additional, Moderski, R., additional, Mohamed, M., additional, Mohrmann, L., additional, Montanari, A., additional, Moore, C., additional, Morris, P., additional, Moulin, E., additional, Muller, J., additional, Murach, T., additional, Nakashima, K., additional, Nayerhoda, A., additional, de Naurois, M., additional, Ndiyavala, H., additional, Niederwanger, F., additional, Niemiec, J., additional, Oakes, L., additional, O’Brien, P., additional, Odaka, H., additional, Ohm, S., additional, Olivera-Nieto, L., additional, de Ona Wilhelmi, E., additional, Ostrowski, M., additional, Panter, M., additional, Panny, S., additional, Parsons, R. D., additional, Peron, G., additional, Peyaud, B., additional, Piel, Q., additional, Pita, S., additional, Poireau, V., additional, Noel, A. Priyana, additional, Prokhorov, D. A., additional, Prokoph, H., additional, Pühlhofer, G., additional, Punch, M., additional, Quirrenbach, A., additional, Rauth, R., additional, Reichherzer, P., additional, Reimer, A., additional, Reimer, O., additional, Remy, Q., additional, Renaud, M., additional, Rieger, F., additional, Rinchiuso, L., additional, Romoli, C., additional, Rowell, G., additional, Rudak, B., additional, Ruiz-Velasco, E., additional, Sahakian, V., additional, Sailer, S., additional, Sanchez, D. A., additional, Santangelo, A., additional, Sasaki, M., additional, Scalici, M., additional, Schutte, H. M., additional, Schwanke, U., additional, Schwemmer, S., additional, Seglar-Arroyo, M., additional, Senniappan, M., additional, Seyffert, A. S., additional, Shafi, N., additional, Shiningayamwe, K., additional, Simoni, R., additional, Sinha, A., additional, Sol, H., additional, Specovius, A., additional, Spencer, S., additional, Spir-Jacob, M., additional, Stawarz, Ł., additional, Sun, L., additional, Steenkamp, R., additional, Stegmann, C., additional, Steinmassl, S., additional, Steppa, C., additional, Takahashi, T., additional, Tavernier, T., additional, Taylor, A. M., additional, Terrier, R., additional, Tiziani, D., additional, Tluczykont, M., additional, Tomankova, L., additional, Trichard, C., additional, Tsirou, M., additional, Tuffs, R., additional, Uchiyama, Y., additional, van der Walt, D. J., additional, van Eldik, C., additional, van Rensburg, C., additional, van Soelen, B., additional, Vasileiadis, G., additional, Veh, J., additional, Venter, C., additional, Vincent, P., additional, Vink, J., additional, Völk, H. J., additional, Vuillaume, T., additional, Wadiasingh, Z., additional, Wagner, S. J., additional, Watson, J., additional, Werner, F., additional, White, R., additional, Wierzcholska, A., additional, Wong, Yu Wun, additional, Yusafzai, A., additional, Zacharias, M., additional, Zanin, R., additional, Zargaryan, D., additional, Zdziarski, A. A., additional, Zech, A., additional, Zhu, S. J., additional, Zorn, J., additional, Zouari, S., additional, Żywucka, N., additional, Acciari, V. A., additional, Ansoldi, S., additional, Antonelli, L. A., additional, Engels, A. Arbet, additional, Artero, M., additional, Asano, K., additional, Baack, D., additional, Babić, A., additional, Baquero, A., additional, de Almeida, U. Barres, additional, Barrio, J. A., additional, Becerra González, J., additional, Bednarek, W., additional, Bellizzi, L., additional, Bernardini, E., additional, Bernardos, M., additional, Berti, A., additional, Besenrieder, J., additional, Bhattacharyya, W., additional, Bigongiari, C., additional, Biland, A., additional, Blanch, O., additional, Bonnoli, G., additional, Bošnjak, Ž., additional, Busetto, G., additional, Carosi, R., additional, Ceribella, G., additional, Cerruti, M., additional, Chai, Y., additional, Chilingarian, A., additional, Cikota, S., additional, Colak, S. M., additional, Colombo, E., additional, Contreras, J. L., additional, Cortina, J., additional, Covino, S., additional, D’Amico, G., additional, D’Elia, V., additional, Da Vela, P., additional, Dazzi, F., additional, De Angelis, A., additional, De Lotto, B., additional, Delfino, M., additional, Delgado, J., additional, Delgado Mendez, C., additional, Depaoli, D., additional, Di Pierro, F., additional, Di Venere, L., additional, Do Souto Espiñeira, E., additional, Dominis Prester, D., additional, Donini, A., additional, Dorner, D., additional, Doro, M., additional, Elsaesser, D., additional, Fallah Ramazani, V., additional, Fattorini, A., additional, Ferrara, G., additional, Fonseca, M. V., additional, Font, L., additional, Fruck, C., additional, Fukami, S., additional, García López, R. J., additional, Garczarczyk, M., additional, Gasparyan, S., additional, Gaug, M., additional, Giglietto, N., additional, Giordano, F., additional, Gliwny, P., additional, Godinović, N., additional, Green, J. G., additional, Green, D., additional, Hadasch, D., additional, Hahn, A., additional, Heckmann, L., additional, Herrera, J., additional, Hoang, J., additional, Hrupec, D., additional, Hütten, M., additional, Inada, T., additional, Inoue, S., additional, Ishio, K., additional, Iwamura, Y., additional, Jiménez, I., additional, Jormanainen, J., additional, Jouvin, L., additional, Kajiwara, Y., additional, Karjalainen, M., additional, Kerszberg, D., additional, Kobayashi, Y., additional, Kubo, H., additional, Kushida, J., additional, Lamastra, A., additional, Lelas, D., additional, Leone, F., additional, Lindfors, E., additional, Lombardi, S., additional, Longo, F., additional, López-Coto, R., additional, López-Moya, M., additional, López-Oramas, A., additional, Loporchio, S., additional, Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B., additional, Maggio, C., additional, Majumdar, P., additional, Makariev, M., additional, Mallamaci, M., additional, Maneva, G., additional, Manganaro, M., additional, Mannheim, K., additional, Maraschi, L., additional, Mariotti, M., additional, Martínez, M., additional, Mazin, D., additional, Menchiari, S., additional, Mender, S., additional, Mićanović, S., additional, Miceli, D., additional, Miener, T., additional, Minev, M., additional, Miranda, J. M., additional, Mirzoyan, R., additional, Molina, E., additional, Moralejo, A., additional, Morcuende, D., additional, Moreno, V., additional, Moretti, E., additional, Neustroev, V., additional, Nigro, C., additional, Nilsson, K., additional, Nishijima, K., additional, Noda, K., additional, Nozaki, S., additional, Ohtani, Y., additional, Oka, T., additional, Otero-Santos, J., additional, Paiano, S., additional, Palatiello, M., additional, Paneque, D., additional, Paoletti, R., additional, Paredes, J. M., additional, Pavletić, L., additional, Peñil, P., additional, Perennes, C., additional, Persic, M., additional, Moroni, P. G. Prada, additional, Prandini, E., additional, Priyadarshi, C., additional, Puljak, I., additional, Rhode, W., additional, Ribó, M., additional, Rico, J., additional, Righi, C., additional, Rugliancich, A., additional, Saha, L., additional, Sahakyan, N., additional, Saito, T., additional, Sakurai, S., additional, Satalecka, K., additional, Saturni, F. G., additional, Schleicher, B., additional, Schmidt, K., additional, Schweizer, T., additional, Sitarek, J., additional, Šnidarić, I., additional, Sobczynska, D., additional, Spolon, A., additional, Stamerra, A., additional, Strom, D., additional, Strzys, M., additional, Suda, Y., additional, Surić, T., additional, Takahashi, M., additional, Tavecchio, F., additional, Temnikov, P., additional, Terzić, T., additional, Teshima, M., additional, Tosti, L., additional, Truzzi, S., additional, Tutone, A., additional, Ubach, S., additional, van Scherpenberg, J., additional, Vanzo, G., additional, Vazquez Acosta, M., additional, Ventura, S., additional, Verguilov, V., additional, Vigorito, C. F., additional, Vitale, V., additional, Vovk, I., additional, Will, M., additional, Wunderlich, C., additional, Zarić, D., additional, Adams, C. B., additional, Benbow, W., additional, Brill, A., additional, Capasso, M., additional, Christiansen, J. L., additional, Chromey, A. J., additional, Daniel, M. K., additional, Errando, M., additional, Farrell, K. A, additional, Feng, Q., additional, Finley, J. P., additional, Fortson, L., additional, Furniss, A., additional, Gent, A., additional, Giuri, C., additional, Hassan, T., additional, Hervet, O., additional, Holder, J., additional, Hughes, G., additional, Humensky, T. B., additional, Jin, W., additional, Kaaret, P., additional, Kertzman, M., additional, Kieda, D., additional, Kumar, S., additional, Lang, M. J., additional, Lundy, M., additional, Maier, G., additional, Moriarty, P., additional, Mukherjee, R., additional, Nieto, D., additional, Nievas-Rosillo, M., additional, O’Brien, S., additional, Ong, R. A., additional, Otte, A. N., additional, Patel, S., additional, Pfrang, K., additional, Pohl, M., additional, Prado, R. R., additional, Pueschel, E., additional, Quinn, J., additional, Ragan, K., additional, Reynolds, P. T., additional, Ribeiro, D., additional, Richards, G. T., additional, Roache, E., additional, Rulten, C., additional, Ryan, J. L., additional, Santander, M., additional, Sembroski, G. H., additional, Shang, R., additional, Weinstein, A., additional, Williams, D. A., additional, Williamson, T. J, additional, Hirota, Tomoya, additional, Cui, Lang, additional, Niinuma, Kotaro, additional, Ro, Hyunwook, additional, Sakai, Nobuyuki, additional, Sawada-Satoh, Satoko, additional, Wajima, Kiyoaki, additional, Wang, Na, additional, Liu, Xiang, additional, and Yonekura, Yoshinori, additional
Published: 2021
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46. Event Horizon Telescope imaging of the archetypal blazar 3C 279 at an extreme 20 microarcsecond resolution

Author: Kim, Jae-Young, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Broderick, Avery E., Wielgus, Maciek, Blackburn, Lindy, Gomez, Jose L., Johnson, Michael D., Bouman, Katherine L., Chael, Andrew, Akiyama, Kazunori, Jorstad, Svetlana, Marscher, Alan P., Issaoun, Sara, Janssen, Michael, Chan, Chi-kwan, Savolainen, Tuomas, Pesce, Dominic W., Ozel, Feryal, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bintley, Dan, Boland, Wilfred, Bower, Geoffrey C., Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., Garcia, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Junhan, Kim, Jongsoo, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Yosuke, Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Mueller, Cornelia, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Hector, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Prather, Ben, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Ryan, Benjamin R., Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sanchez, Salvador, Sanchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Tazaki, Fumie, Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, Tsuda, Shuichiro, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Wardle, John, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, Andre, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guangyao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Zhu, Ziyan, Algaba, Juan-Carlos, Allardi, Alexander, Amestica, Rodrigo, Anczarski, Jadyn, Bach, Uwe, Baganoff, Frederick K., Beaudoin, Christopher, Benson, Bradford A., Berthold, Ryan, Blanchard, Jay M., Blundell, Ray, Bustamente, Sandra, Cappallo, Roger, Castillo-Dominguez, Edgar, Chang, Chih-Cheng, Chang, Shu-Hao, Chang, Song-Chu, Chen, Chung-Chen, Chilson, Ryan, Chuter, Tim C., Rosado, Rodrigo Cordova, Coulson, Iain M., Crowley, Joseph, Derome, Mark, Dexter, Matthew, Dornbusch, Sven, Dudevoir, Kevin A., Dzib, Sergio A., Eckart, Andreas, Eckert, Chris, Erickson, Neal R., Everett, Wendeline B., Faber, Aaron, Farah, Joseph R., Fath, Vernon, Folkers, Thomas W., Forbes, David C., Freund, Robert, Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo, I, Gale, David M., Gao, Feng, Geertsema, Gertie, Graham, David A., Greer, Christopher H., Grosslein, Ronald, Gueth, Frederic, Haggard, Daryl, Halverson, Nils W., Han, Chih-Chiang, Han, Kuo-Chang, Hao, Jinchi, Hasegawa, Yutaka, Henning, Jason W., Hernandez-Gomez, Antonio, Herrero-Illana, Ruben, Heyminck, Stefan, Hirota, Akihiko, Hoge, James, Huang, Yau-De, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Jiang, Homin, John, David, Kamble, Atish, Keisler, Ryan, Kimura, Kimihiro, Kono, Yusuke, Kubo, Derek, Kuroda, John, Lacasse, Richard, Laing, Robert A., Leitch, Erik M., Li, Chao-Te, Lin, Lupin C-C, Liu, Ching-Tang, Liu, Kuan-Yu, Lu, Li-Ming, Marson, Ralph G., Martin-Cocher, Pierre L., Massingill, Kyle D., Matulonis, Callie, McColl, Martin P., McWhirter, Stephen R., Messias, Hugo, Meyer-Zhao, Zheng, Michalik, Daniel, Montana, Alfredo, Montgomerie, William, Mora-Klein, Matias, Muders, Dirk, Nadolski, Andrew, Navarro, Santiago, Neilsen, Joseph, Nguyen, Chi H., Nishioka, Hiroaki, Norton, Timothy, Nowak, Michael A., Nystrom, George, Ogawa, Hideo, Oshiro, Peter, Parsons, Harriet, Penalver, Juan, Phillips, Neil M., Poirier, Michael, Pradel, Nicolas, Primiani, Rurik A., Raffin, Philippe A., Rahlin, Alexandra S., Reiland, George, Risacher, Christopher, Ruiz, Ignacio, Saez-Madain, Alejandro F., Sassella, Remi, Schellart, Pim, Shaw, Paul, Silva, Kevin M., Shiokawa, Hotaka, Smith, David R., Snow, William, Souccar, Kamal, Sousa, Don, Sridharan, T. K., Srinivasan, Ranjani, Stahm, William, Stark, Antony A., Story, Kyle, Timmer, Sjoerd T., Vertatschitsch, Laura, Walther, Craig, Wei, Ta-Shun, Whitehorn, Nathan, Whitney, Alan R., Woody, David P., Wouterloot, Jan G. A., Wright, Melvin, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yu, Chen-Yu, Zeballos, Milagros, Zhang, Shuo, Ziurys, Lucy, Kim, Jae-Young, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Broderick, Avery E., Wielgus, Maciek, Blackburn, Lindy, Gomez, Jose L., Johnson, Michael D., Bouman, Katherine L., Chael, Andrew, Akiyama, Kazunori, Jorstad, Svetlana, Marscher, Alan P., Issaoun, Sara, Janssen, Michael, Chan, Chi-kwan, Savolainen, Tuomas, Pesce, Dominic W., Ozel, Feryal, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Balokovic, Mislav, Barrett, John, Bintley, Dan, Boland, Wilfred, Bower, Geoffrey C., Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chatterjee, Shami, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Falcke, Heino, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., Garcia, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Junhan, Kim, Jongsoo, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Yosuke, Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Mueller, Cornelia, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Hector, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Prather, Ben, Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Ryan, Benjamin R., Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sanchez, Salvador, Sanchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Tazaki, Fumie, Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, Tsuda, Shuichiro, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Wardle, John, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, Andre, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guangyao, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Zhu, Ziyan, Algaba, Juan-Carlos, Allardi, Alexander, Amestica, Rodrigo, Anczarski, Jadyn, Bach, Uwe, Baganoff, Frederick K., Beaudoin, Christopher, Benson, Bradford A., Berthold, Ryan, Blanchard, Jay M., Blundell, Ray, Bustamente, Sandra, Cappallo, Roger, Castillo-Dominguez, Edgar, Chang, Chih-Cheng, Chang, Shu-Hao, Chang, Song-Chu, Chen, Chung-Chen, Chilson, Ryan, Chuter, Tim C., Rosado, Rodrigo Cordova, Coulson, Iain M., Crowley, Joseph, Derome, Mark, Dexter, Matthew, Dornbusch, Sven, Dudevoir, Kevin A., Dzib, Sergio A., Eckart, Andreas, Eckert, Chris, Erickson, Neal R., Everett, Wendeline B., Faber, Aaron, Farah, Joseph R., Fath, Vernon, Folkers, Thomas W., Forbes, David C., Freund, Robert, Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo, I, Gale, David M., Gao, Feng, Geertsema, Gertie, Graham, David A., Greer, Christopher H., Grosslein, Ronald, Gueth, Frederic, Haggard, Daryl, Halverson, Nils W., Han, Chih-Chiang, Han, Kuo-Chang, Hao, Jinchi, Hasegawa, Yutaka, Henning, Jason W., Hernandez-Gomez, Antonio, Herrero-Illana, Ruben, Heyminck, Stefan, Hirota, Akihiko, Hoge, James, Huang, Yau-De, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Jiang, Homin, John, David, Kamble, Atish, Keisler, Ryan, Kimura, Kimihiro, Kono, Yusuke, Kubo, Derek, Kuroda, John, Lacasse, Richard, Laing, Robert A., Leitch, Erik M., Li, Chao-Te, Lin, Lupin C-C, Liu, Ching-Tang, Liu, Kuan-Yu, Lu, Li-Ming, Marson, Ralph G., Martin-Cocher, Pierre L., Massingill, Kyle D., Matulonis, Callie, McColl, Martin P., McWhirter, Stephen R., Messias, Hugo, Meyer-Zhao, Zheng, Michalik, Daniel, Montana, Alfredo, Montgomerie, William, Mora-Klein, Matias, Muders, Dirk, Nadolski, Andrew, Navarro, Santiago, Neilsen, Joseph, Nguyen, Chi H., Nishioka, Hiroaki, Norton, Timothy, Nowak, Michael A., Nystrom, George, Ogawa, Hideo, Oshiro, Peter, Parsons, Harriet, Penalver, Juan, Phillips, Neil M., Poirier, Michael, Pradel, Nicolas, Primiani, Rurik A., Raffin, Philippe A., Rahlin, Alexandra S., Reiland, George, Risacher, Christopher, Ruiz, Ignacio, Saez-Madain, Alejandro F., Sassella, Remi, Schellart, Pim, Shaw, Paul, Silva, Kevin M., Shiokawa, Hotaka, Smith, David R., Snow, William, Souccar, Kamal, Sousa, Don, Sridharan, T. K., Srinivasan, Ranjani, Stahm, William, Stark, Antony A., Story, Kyle, Timmer, Sjoerd T., Vertatschitsch, Laura, Walther, Craig, Wei, Ta-Shun, Whitehorn, Nathan, Whitney, Alan R., Woody, David P., Wouterloot, Jan G. A., Wright, Melvin, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yu, Chen-Yu, Zeballos, Milagros, Zhang, Shuo, and Ziurys, Lucy
Abstract: 3C 279 is an archetypal blazar with a prominent radio jet that show broadband flux density variability across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. We use an ultra-high angular resolution technique - global Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) at 1.3 mm (230 GHz) - to resolve the innermost jet of 3C 279 in order to study its fine-scale morphology close to the jet base where highly variable gamma -ray emission is thought to originate, according to various models. The source was observed during four days in April 2017 with the Event Horizon Telescope at 230 GHz, including the phased Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), at an angular resolution of similar to 20 mu as (at a redshift of z=0.536 this corresponds to similar to 0.13 pc similar to 1700 Schwarzschild radii with a black hole mass M-BH=8x10(8) M-circle dot). Imaging and model-fitting techniques were applied to the data to parameterize the fine-scale source structure and its variation. We find a multicomponent inner jet morphology with the northernmost component elongated perpendicular to the direction of the jet, as imaged at longer wavelengths. The elongated nuclear structure is consistent on all four observing days and across different imaging methods and model-fitting techniques, and therefore appears robust. Owing to its compactness and brightness, we associate the northern nuclear structure as the VLBI core. This morphology can be interpreted as either a broad resolved jet base or a spatially bent jet. We also find significant day-to-day variations in the closure phases, which appear most pronounced on the triangles with the longest baselines. Our analysis shows that this variation is related to a systematic change of the source structure. Two inner jet components move non-radially at apparent speeds of similar to 15 c and similar to 20 c (similar to 1.3 and similar to 1.7 mu as day(-1), respectively), which more strongly supports the scenario of traveling shocks or instabilities in a be
Published: 2020

47. First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring

Author: Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Algaba, Juan Carlos, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Anantua, Richard, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Ball, David, additional, Baloković, Mislav, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Benson, Bradford A., additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Blundell, Raymond, additional, Boland, Wilfred, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Boyce, Hope, additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broderick, Avery E., additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Chael, Andrew, additional, Chan, Chi-kwan, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen, Yongjun, additional, Chesler, Paul M., additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Christian, Pierre, additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crawford, Thomas M., additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, additional, Cui, Yuzhu, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, Dexter, Jason, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Farah, Joseph, additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Ford, H. Alyson, additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Freeman, William T., additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Fuentes, Antonio, additional, Galison, Peter, additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, García, Roberto, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Georgiev, Boris, additional, Goddi, Ciriaco, additional, Gold, Roman, additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., additional, Gu, Minfeng, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Hada, Kazuhiro, additional, Haggard, Daryl, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Ikeda, Shiro, additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, Issaoun, Sara, additional, James, David J., additional, Jannuzi, Buell T., additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiang, Wu, additional, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Kawashima, Tomohisa, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Dong-Jin, additional, Kim, Jae-Young, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kim, Junhan, additional, Kino, Motoki, additional, Koay, Jun Yi, additional, Kofuji, Yutaro, additional, Koch, Patrick M., additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, Lauer, Tod R., additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Levis, Aviad, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Li, Zhiyuan, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Lindahl, Greg, additional, Liu, Jun, additional, Liu, Kuo, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Lonsdale, Colin, additional, Lu, Ru-Sen, additional, MacDonald, Nicholas R., additional, Mao, Jirong, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Markoff, Sera, additional, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Medeiros, Lia, additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Moscibrodzka, Monika, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Musoke, Gibwa, additional, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, additional, Michalik, Daniel, additional, Nadolski, Andrew, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayan, Ramesh, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Nathanail, Antonios, additional, Neilsen, Joey, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Nowak, Michael A., additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, Özel, Feryal, additional, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Park, Jongho, additional, Patel, Nimesh, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Pötzl, Felix M., additional, Prather, Ben, additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Psaltis, Dimitrios, additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Ricarte, Angelo, additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Roelofs, Freek, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Rose, Mel, additional, Roshanineshat, Arash, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Schloerb, F. Peter, additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen, Zhiqiang, additional, Small, Des, additional, Sohn, Bong Won, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Sun, He, additional, Tazaki, Fumie, additional, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Toma, Kenji, additional, Torne, Pablo, additional, Trent, Tyler, additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, Bemmel, Ilse van, additional, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Wex, Norbert, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Wielgus, Maciek, additional, Wong, George N., additional, Wu, Qingwen, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Yuan, Feng, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Zensus, J. Anton, additional, Zhao, Guang-Yao, additional, and Zhao, Shan-Shan, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. Polarimetric Properties of Event Horizon Telescope Targets from ALMA

Author: Goddi, Ciriaco, primary, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Messias, Hugo, additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Broderick, Avery E., additional, Dexter, Jason, additional, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Moscibrodzka, Monika, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Algaba, Juan Carlos, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Kadler, Matthias, additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Nathanail, Antonios, additional, Ricarte, Angelo, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Anantua, Richard, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Ball, David, additional, Baloković, Mislav, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Benson, Bradford A., additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Blundell, Raymond, additional, Boland, Wilfred, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Boyce, Hope, additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Chael, Andrew, additional, Chan, Chi-kwan, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen, Yongjun, additional, Chesler, Paul M., additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Christian, Pierre, additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crawford, Thomas M., additional, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, additional, Cui, Yuzhu, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Farah, Joseph, additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Ford, H. Alyson, additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Freeman, William T., additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Fuentes, Antonio, additional, Galison, Peter, additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, García, Roberto, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Georgiev, Boris, additional, Gold, Roman, additional, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., additional, Gu, Minfeng, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Hada, Kazuhiro, additional, Haggard, Daryl, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, Issaoun, Sara, additional, James, David J., additional, Jannuzi, Buell T., additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiang, Wu, additional, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Kawashima, Tomohisa, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Dong-Jin, additional, Kim, Jae-Young, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kim, Junhan, additional, Kino, Motoki, additional, Koay, Jun Yi, additional, Kofuji, Yutaro, additional, Koch, Patrick M., additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, Lauer, Tod R., additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Levis, Aviad, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Li, Zhiyuan, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Lindahl, Greg, additional, Liu, Jun, additional, Liu, Kuo, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Lonsdale, Colin, additional, Lu, Ru-Sen, additional, MacDonald, Nicholas R., additional, Mao, Jirong, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Markoff, Sera, additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Medeiros, Lia, additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Musoke, Gibwa, additional, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayan, Ramesh, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Neilsen, Joey, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Nowak, Michael A., additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, Özel, Feryal, additional, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Park, Jongho, additional, Patel, Nimesh, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Pötzl, Felix M., additional, Prather, Ben, additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Psaltis, Dimitrios, additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Roelofs, Freek, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Rose, Mel, additional, Roshanineshat, Arash, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Schloerb, F. Peter, additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen, Zhiqiang, additional, Small, Des, additional, Sohn, Bong Won, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Sun, He, additional, Tazaki, Fumie, additional, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Toma, Kenji, additional, Torne, Pablo, additional, Trent, Tyler, additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, Bemmel, Ilse van, additional, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Wex, Norbert, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Wielgus, Maciek, additional, Wong, George N., additional, Wu, Qingwen, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Yuan, Feng, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Zensus, J. Anton, additional, Zhao, Guang-Yao, additional, Zhao, Shan-Shan, additional, Bruni, Gabriele, additional, Gopakumar, A., additional, Hernández-Gómez, Antonio, additional, Herrero-Illana, Ruben, additional, Ingram, Adam, additional, Komossa, S., additional, Kovalev, Y. Y., additional, Muders, Dirk, additional, Perucho, Manel, additional, Rösch, Florian, additional, and Valtonen, Mauri, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon

Author: Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Algaba, Juan Carlos, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Anantua, Richard, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Ball, David, additional, Baloković, Mislav, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Benson, Bradford A., additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Blundell, Raymond, additional, Boland, Wilfred, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Boyce, Hope, additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broderick, Avery E., additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Chael, Andrew, additional, Chan, Chi-kwan, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen, Yongjun, additional, Chesler, Paul M., additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Christian, Pierre, additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crawford, Thomas M., additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, additional, Cui, Yuzhu, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, Dexter, Jason, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Farah, Joseph, additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Ford, H. Alyson, additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Fuentes, Antonio, additional, Galison, Peter, additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, García, Roberto, additional, Gelles, Zachary, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Georgiev, Boris, additional, Goddi, Ciriaco, additional, Gold, Roman, additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., additional, Gu, Minfeng, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Hada, Kazuhiro, additional, Haggard, Daryl, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Himwich, Elizabeth, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Ikeda, Shiro, additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, Issaoun, Sara, additional, James, David J., additional, Jannuzi, Buell T., additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiang, Wu, additional, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Kawashima, Tomohisa, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Dong-Jin, additional, Kim, Jae-Young, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kim, Junhan, additional, Kino, Motoki, additional, Koay, Jun Yi, additional, Kofuji, Yutaro, additional, Koch, Patrick M., additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, Lauer, Tod R., additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Levis, Aviad, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Li, Zhiyuan, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Lindahl, Greg, additional, Liu, Jun, additional, Liu, Kuo, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Lonsdale, Colin, additional, Lu, Ru-Sen, additional, MacDonald, Nicholas R., additional, Mao, Jirong, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Markoff, Sera, additional, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Medeiros, Lia, additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Moscibrodzka, Monika, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Musoke, Gibwa, additional, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, additional, Michalik, Daniel, additional, Nadolski, Andrew, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayan, Ramesh, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Nathanail, Antonios, additional, Neilsen, Joey, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Nowak, Michael A., additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, Özel, Feryal, additional, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Park, Jongho, additional, Patel, Nimesh, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Pötzl, Felix M., additional, Prather, Ben, additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Psaltis, Dimitrios, additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Ricarte, Angelo, additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Roelofs, Freek, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Rose, Mel, additional, Roshanineshat, Arash, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Schloerb, F. Peter, additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen, Zhiqiang, additional, Small, Des, additional, Sohn, Bong Won, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Sun, He, additional, Tazaki, Fumie, additional, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Toma, Kenji, additional, Torne, Pablo, additional, Trent, Tyler, additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, Bemmel, Ilse van, additional, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Wex, Norbert, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Wielgus, Maciek, additional, Wong, George N., additional, Wu, Qingwen, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Yuan, Feng, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Zensus, J. Anton, additional, Zhao, Guang-Yao, additional, and Zhao, Shan-Shan, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. Monitoring the Morphology of M87* in 2009–2017 with the Event Horizon Telescope

Author: Wielgus, Maciek, primary, Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Chan, Chi-kwan, additional, Dexter, Jason, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Issaoun, Sara, additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Lu, Ru-Sen, additional, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Wong, George N., additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Broderick, Avery E., additional, Chael, Andrew, additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, Georgiev, Boris, additional, Hada, Kazuhiro, additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Markoff, Sera, additional, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Dexter, Matthew, additional, MacMahon, David H. E., additional, Wright, Melvyn, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Ball, David, additional, Baloković, Mislav, additional, Barausse, Enrico, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Boland, Wilfred, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen, Yongjun, additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Christian, Pierre, additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Cui, Yuzhu, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, Laurentis, Mariafelicia De, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, Dzib, Sergio A., additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Galison, Peter, additional, García, Roberto, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Goddi, Ciriaco, additional, Gold, Roman, additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., additional, Gu, Minfeng, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, James, David J., additional, Jannuzi, Buell T., additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiang, Wu, additional, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Kawashima, Tomohisa, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Jae-Young, additional, Kim, Junhan, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kino, Motoki, additional, Koay, Jun Yi, additional, Koch, Patrick M., additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, Lauer, Tod R., additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Li, Zhiyuan, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Liu, Kuo, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Lonsdale, Colin, additional, MacDonald, Nicholas R., additional, Mao, Jirong, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Medeiros, Lia, additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Moscibrodzka, Monika, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Musoke, Gibwa, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayan, Ramesh, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Nathanail, Antonios, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, Özel, Feryal, additional, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Park, Jongho, additional, Patel, Nimesh, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Prather, Ben, additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Psaltis, Dimitrios, additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Roelofs, Freek, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Rose, Mel, additional, Roshanineshat, Arash, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Ryan, Benjamin R., additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Schloerb, F. Peter, additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen, Zhiqiang, additional, Small, Des, additional, Sohn, Bong Won, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Tazaki, Fumie, additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Toma, Kenji, additional, Torne, Pablo, additional, Trent, Tyler, additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, Tsuda, Shuichiro, additional, Bemmel, Ilse van, additional, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Wex, Norbert, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Wu, Qingwen, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Yuan, Feng, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Zensus, J. Anton, additional, Zhao, Guangyao, additional, Zhao, Shan-Shan, additional, and Zhu, Ziyan, additional
Published: 2020
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