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Active and prompt scale-up screening tests are essential to efficiently control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The goal of this work was to identify shortcomings in the conventional screening system (CSS) implemented in the beginning of the outbreak. To overcome these shortcomings, we then introduced a novel, independently developed system called the Yeungnam University type drive-through (YU-Thru), and distributed it nationwide in Korea. This system is similar to the drive-throughs utilized by fast food restaurants. YU-Thru system has shortened the time taken to test a single person to 2–4 minutes, by completely eliminating the time required to clean and ventilate the specimen collection room. This time requirement was a major drawback of the CSS. YU-Thru system also reduced the risk of subjects and medical staff infecting one another by using a separate and closed examination system. On average, 50 to 60 tests were conducted per day when using the CSS, while now up to 350 tests per day are conducted with the YU-Thru system. We believe that the YU-Thru system has made an important contribution to the rapid detection of COVID-19 in Daegu, South Korea. Here, we will describe the YU-Thru system in detail so that other countries experiencing COVID-19 outbreaks can take advantage of this system.

This study developed and tested a conceptual model delineating the interrelationships among hedonic shopping orientation, consumer need for mobile app atmospherics, entertainment gratification, mobile irritation, and intention to reuse mobile apps for apparel shopping. A total of 216 U.S. mobile shoppers in the age range of 18–34 participated in the study. Consumers with a higher need for mobile app atmospherics tended to experience increased entertainment gratification and reduced irritation in using mobile apps. Hedonic shopping orientation was found to be an antecedent of consumer need for mobile app atmospherics. However, hedonic shoppers’ mixed emotions toward mobile apps were confirmed through the positive influences of hedonic shopping orientation on both entertainment gratification and irritation. Consumer need for mobile app atmospherics played a significant role in predicting the intention to reuse mobile apps for apparel shopping, along with entertainment gratification and mobile irritation. This study extended the research scope of mobile shopping behavior and provided implications for mobile app retailing.

Daegu City has the most number of heat waves every year in the last 10 years among 7 metropolitan cities in Korea. As the slang, such as ‘Daefrica(Daegu + Africa)’ shown, Daegu City is recognized as a high temperature region in the summer. The purpose of this study is to understand the perception of urban green space as a mediator for heat wave mitigation for Daegu citizens. First, about 93.3% of the respondents perceived what the heat was. The most frequent cause of the increase in the number of heat waves was the increase in energy use (34.9%), ‘indiscriminate development’ (24.9%), ‘automobile and traffic increase’ (17.9%), ‘greenery reduction’ (12.6% ) were the most common cause. Second, 87.1% of respondents had positive perception about the mitigation effect on the effect of urban green space as a medium to mitigate the heat. In addition, 26.7% of respondents answered that they are very effective in mitigating the effect of the heat of urban greenery, and 95.1% of them responded more than ‘normal’. Third, as a result of examining the priorities of short and long-term heat-related policies, the short term was the highest (37.5%) in responding to ‘electricity tariff realization’ because of the high dependence on air conditioners. In contrast to the short-term perspective, the long-term policy for mitigating the heat wave was overwhelmingly supported by ‘expansion of urban green areas’ (50.7%). This is a result of confirming Daegu citizens’ consciousness which is highly evaluating the effect of urban green space as a medium for mitigating the heat. Fourth, the importance and performance of ‘urban green space type’ for mitigation of the heat wave were examined. The type of urban green space belonging to the phenomena maintenance area (quadrant Ⅰ), which both had high importance and performance, was classified as ‘neighborhood park’. In addition, it was surveyed as ‘Ssamji(mini) Park’ as the type of urban greenery in the concentrated improvement area (quadrant Ⅱ) where the importance is high but the performance is low. We believe that the value of urban green areas for mitigating the heat waves has been fully recognized through the recognition of Daegu citizens. We hope that the results of this study will be used as basic data for future Daegu city heat and urban greening policy.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the correlation between preoperative Serum markers and pelvic adhesions in endometriosis patients and to explore the markers' clinical value for outcome prediction. Preoperative blood Serum and CA 125 results were obtained and pelvic adhesion scores were calculated. The patient group with adhesion scores less than 28 points was defined as the mild adhesion group, and those with a score of 28 or more were members of the severe adhesion group. The CA 125 level was significantly higher in the severe adhesion group than in the mild adhesion group. The CA 125 level, size of the largest cyst, and WBC count were associated with the level of pelvic adhesion. Adhesion scores were significantly higher in the CA 125 ≥ 35 U/mL group than in the CA 125 35 U/mL group. Patients with a preoperative CA 125 level higher than 35 U/mL are at high risk for pelvic adhesion.

This study was an experimental qualitative study on the characteristics of fashion brand's mobile SNS. The study was focused on mobile Facebook and identified the characteristics of fashion brand's mobile SNS. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 people in the 20s, who have used fashion brand's mobile Facebook application and currently live in Seoul or Gyeonggi province. After analysis of the in-depth interview data, four characteristics of fashion brand's mobile SNS were identified as follows. First, it was possible to access fashion brand's mobile SNS at any time anywhere, if users needed brand-related information. In this study, this characteristic was named ‘fashion accessibility’. Second, it was possible to access update-information using fashion brand's mobile SNS or get up-to-date information about the brand in real-time. In this study, this characteristic was named ‘fashion recentness’. Third, it was possible to store or capture fashion brand-related images and texts. In this study, this characteristic was named ‘ease of storage of fashion data’. Fourth, fashion brand's mobile SNS was useful in various ways to fashion consumers, so this characteristic was named ‘fashion usefulness’ in this study. The study extracted 10 sub-characteristics of the characteristics of fashion brand's mobile SNS based on the results of a qualitative study. This study has significant value which suggests directions for future research. Also, this paper is expected to provide managerial implications to fashion companies that need to develop mobile SNS marketing strategies.Keywords: mobile(모바일), SNS characteristics(SNS 특성), Facebook(페이스북), qualitative study(질적 연구)

The study aims to test the difference between the online and offline consumer responses to two sales promotion tactics (i.e., bonus packs and price discounts). Three online experiments were conducted, and as a result, Study 1 found that price discounts were perceived as prevention-focused and bonus packs as promotion-focused promotion. Study 2 then found that promotion-oriented participants chose bonus packs (vs. price discounts) more than prevention-focused participants. Lastly, Study 3 showed that participants in the online condition found the sales promotion more attractive and were more likely to purchase the product when the promotion was presented as the price discount (50% off) than the bonus pack (BOGO) while participants in the offline condition rated both promotion tactics equally. This study provides important insights for sales promotion and multichannel retailing, by addressing subtle differences induced by different shopping channels, and emphasizes the importance of developing channel-specific sales promotion strategies.

Layered Li0.88[Li0.18Co0.33Mn0.49]O2 nanowires are prepared using Co0.4Mn0.6O2 nanowires and lithium nitrate as precursors at 200 degrees C via a hydrothermal method for fast and high capacity Li-ion storage material. The obtained nanowires exhibit a reversible capacity of 230 mAh/g between 2 and 4.8 V, even at the high current rate of 3600 mA/g.

The authors conducted an outreach research project designed to provide beneficial insight regarding Hmong-owned small businesses in Minnesota. Specifically, the objectives of the study were to (a) investigate characteristics of successful Hmong-owned small businesses, (b) identify unique problems encountered by Hmong entrepreneurs and small business owners, and (c) develop recommendations for Extension educators and program developers. The theoretical framework for understanding Hmong-owned small businesses was built on three interactive components: opportunity structures, group characteristics, and ethnic strategies. In-depth interviews were conducted to collect the data. A snowball sampling method was used, relying on referrals from a seed participant. A Hmong community organization located in the Twin Cities Area was used as a sampling frame. A total of three community leaders (one female and two males, age range 29 to 55) and seven business owners (five males and two females, age range 30 to 52) participated in the study. Eleven themes were identified from the data within the theoretical framework. Findings suggest that designing new programs or adapting existing programs to the Hmong community’s needs and interests could be an excellent opportunity for both urban and rural Extension units to ensure that Hmong migrators build a stable community with their own needed ethnic small businesses.