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CO 2 carriers are considered as a solution for CO 2 transport as a part of Carbon Capture and Storage. CO 2 carriers' design is similar to that of commercial liquefied gas carriers and core technology of liquefied gas carriers is to handle boil-off gas during voyages. This paper introduced newly developed CO 2 boil-off gas re-liquefaction processes making use of cold LNG fuel and investigated economic feasibility of newly developed processes by comparison with a conventional boil-off gas re-liquefaction process. New processes enabled considerable main equipment costs saving and additional fuel cost saving for re-liquefying boil-off gas. Simulation study results showed total amount of boil-off gas in a LNG fueled CO 2 carrier could be re-liquefied by LNG fuel consumed during the voyage and comparative cost assessment results demonstrated those newly developed processes could be applied into a LNG fueled CO 2 carrier with insignificant additional cost. The finding of this paper confirms those newly introduced processes are technically and commercially feasible at present and will contribute to growing the potential market of LNG as a marine fuel as well as commercializing CCS technology by providing more cost-effective solution for CO 2 shipping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO 2 carriers are considered as a solution for CO 2 transport as a part of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and ship fuel cost is an important parameter impacting total cost of CO 2 shipping. Heavy fuel oil (HFO) is a traditional marine fuel but alternative marine fuels such as MGO and LNG shall be considered for future researches on CO 2 shipping because low sulphur content fuel is required in sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECAs) from January 2015. However, LNG has not been seriously considered as a marine fuel for CO 2 carriers and its economic feasibility has not been studied so far. This paper assesses economics of LNG fueled CO 2 carriers based on a CO 2 shipping scenario in North Sea and fuel price in June 2016. Parameter studies are conducted to understand the influence of important parameters such as a marine fuel price, LNG fuel system cost, and small LNG distribution cost. The results show that LNG fueled CO 2 carriers are more cost-effective than CO 2 carriers utilizing MGO based on fuel price in June 2016 and when crude oil price is higher than approximately 30–50 USD/bbl. Furthermore, technology development on LNG fuel system and bunkering infrastructure could strengthen the competitiveness of LNG as a marine fuel for CO 2 carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]