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The prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic vividly reflects the four distinctive characteristics of China's governance, namely centralization, coordination, sustainability and efficiency. From the perspective of institutional analysis, China's governance advantages may be mainly attributed to three important institutions: one is the mixed economic system in which the main resources are owned by the state and the production process is subject to market competition; the other is the political system in which the Communist Party of China exercises overall leadership over state affairs system; the third is the state structure system with unitary system as the main body and centralized administrative system. Based on the background of China's management behavior in the past three years of anti-epidemic, this article describes the view of Chinese feelings under the wisdom of Chinese management in the past three years of anti-epidemic.

With the rapid development of China's economy, the environment in rural areas has been greatly damaged, and the environmental protection problems in rural areas need to be strengthened. The urgent importance of effectively and rationally using clean energy, reducing all kinds of environmental pollution, preventing all kinds of sudden major environmental disasters, and ensuring the safety of people's lives has become increasingly prominent. In order to meet the needs of environmental protection and constantly improve the quality of our people's daily life and production, the main focus and focus of our economy and people's livelihood has gradually shifted to the protection of social environment and resources, and has begun to formulate many preferential policies for environmental protection.

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, tax collection and tax management and control have been constantly improved, but tax evasion still occurs frequently. There are countless people who violate tax regulations and use special means to skillfully evade taxes. Especially in recent years, with the rise of the Internet and short videos, more and more traffic figures have been exposed to large amounts of tax evasion, which seriously endangers the social justice system, And "the tax revenue of the state is used for the people. If there is no tax, the state has no right, and if there is no right, the state treasury is in deficit." This article will elaborate the phenomenon of tax evasion, draw conclusions and put forward relevant suggestions.

As a bright spot in economic development, housing price is one of the most talked about issues, but also an important challenge facing China. According to survey, the house price of the real estate industry in our country rises too fast. Real estate prices are getting out of control due to the high profits of the real estate industry and the emergence of speculative activities such as sky-high price speculation groups. At present, the state has found these problems and adopted certain measures and regulation policies to reduce the existence of adverse phenomena and avoid adverse phenomena in the real estate industry affecting the overall development of people's lives.

For piezoelectric-driven compliant microgrippers, realizing flexible, stable, and accurate manipulation simultaneously is a key challenge. The bridge-type compliant displacement amplification mechanism (CDAM) with a single input force can enable stable parallel grasping and enlarge the grasping stroke by matching the output performance of typical piezoelectric actuators used in microgrippers. In this study, a nonlinear analysis of the bridge-type CDAM with a single input force was conducted to improve the prediction accuracy of the output displacement, and nonlinear optimization and testing were performed. For the expected and parasitic output displacements, a two-step nonlinear modelling method was proposed to conduct the nonlinear analysis. Using Castigliano's second theorem, small deflection-based finite element analysis (FEA), and numerical fitting, small deflection-based modelling considering the shearing effect was first performed. Then, the correction coefficients for the geometrical nonlinearity were modelled by combining geometrical nonlinear FEA and numerical fitting. By restricting the parasitic output displacement, a nonlinear constraint was derived. Thereafter, geometric parameter optimization and structural optimization of the bridge-type CDAM with a single input force was performed. Model analysis indicates that for the optimal CDAM, the expected output displacement increases with the input force, whereas a negative correlation exists between the growth rate and the input force. Finally, simulations and experimental tests were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the nonlinear models, optimization, and model analysis.

Morphine tolerance poses a great challenge for clinicians, whose pathogenesis has a close connection with microglial activation and neuroinflammation. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) that derives from artemisinin, may serve as a potential anti-inflammatory drug. In this study, the effects as well as the underlying mechanism of DHA on suppressing microglial activation and neuroinflammation were explored. The microglial cell line BV-2 cells were induced by morphine and treated with DHA or minocycline. With the application of CCK-8, the cell viability was detected. Western blot was employed to assess the expressions of Ki67, IBa-1, and TLR4 and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was adopted to evaluate miRNA-16 (miR-16) expression. With the adoption of ELISA kits and qRT-PCR, the release of inflammatory cytokines was evaluated. Besides, luciferase reporter assay was applied to testify the binding relationship between miR-16 and TLR4. NF-κB expression was measured by immunofluorescence. DHA reduced cell viability and decreased protein expression of Ki67 and IBa-1 in morphine-induced BV-2 cells. Additionally, DHA contributed to the declined release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. miR-16 was down-regulated by morphine but was up-regulated by DHA concentration-dependently in BV-2 cells. The inhibition of miR-16 partly abolished the inhibitory effects of DHA on morphine-induced microglial activation and neuroinflammation. Moreover, TLR4 was found to be bound to miR-16, and the inhibitory effect of DHA on TLR4/NF-κB was partly reversed by miR-16 inhibition. In conclusion, DHA remarkably suppressed microglial activation and neuroinflammation through regulating miR-16-mediated TLR4/NF-κB signaling. This study may provide a new solution to improve clinical analgesic efficacy of morphine.

Hyperthermia is being used as a radio- and chemotherapy sensitizer for a growing range of tumor subtypes in the clinic. Its potential is limited, however, by the ability of cancer cells to activate a protective mechanism known as the heat stress response (HSR). The HSR is marked by the rapid overexpression of molecular chaperones, and recent advances in drug development make their inhibition an attractive option to improve the efficacy of hyperthermia-based therapies. Our previous in vitro work showed that a single, short co-treatment with a HSR (HSP90) inhibitor ganetespib prolongs and potentiates the effects of hyperthermia on DNA repair, enhances hyperthermic sensitization to radio- and chemotherapeutic agents, and reduces thermotolerance. In the current study, we first validated these results using an extended panel of cell lines and more robust methodology. Next, we examined the effects of hyperthermia and ganetespib on global proteome changes. Finally, we evaluated the potential of ganetespib to boost the efficacy of thermo-chemotherapy and thermo-radiotherapy in a xenograft murine model of cervix cancer. Our results revealed new insights into the effects of HSR inhibition on cellular responses to heat and show that ganetespib could be employed to increase the efficacy of hyperthermia when combined with radiation.

To study the effects of cooking methods on the structure and digestion changes of starch encapsulated by cellular structure, intact potato parenchyma cells were successfully isolated and then subjected to different domestic cooking methods, including baking, frying, boiling, and autoclaving. The morphology, crystalline structure, thermal properties, and in vitro starch digestibility of cooked cell samples were investigated. Our results indicated that potato cell walls remained intact and performed as physical barriers preventing the diffusion/absorption of α-amylase to intracellular starch substrates after baking or frying treatment. However, boiling or autoclaving treatment destroyed cell wall structure, and the disrupted cellular structure reduced the digestion rate, likely by inhibiting diffusion of amylase through a weakened cell wall barrier, but could not lower the final digestion extent when compared to the pure starch. These findings suggested that potato products with lower glycemic index can be obtained by baking or frying treatment.

Objective To explore the characteristics of pet attachment and its relevant factors among undergraduates. Methods 547 undergraduate pet owners were selected by stratified random sampling from 7 universities in Guangzhou City. They were investigated with Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale (LAPS), College Students Interpersonal Comprehensive Diagnostic Scale (ICDSCS), Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale-Version 3 (UCLALS), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) and a self-edited questionnaire on the general personal information. Results ⑴ The total score of LAPS, ICDSCS and UCLALS, as well as score of coping style disposition were (41.71±10.05), (9.12±5.62), (44.51±7.87) and (-.22±1.50), respectively. ⑵ 20.9% of undergraduates were moderate to severe pet attachment. ⑶ Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the total score of LAPS was positively correlated with 7 factors such as total score of UCLALS and ICDSCS, school category, how many pets have you kept, origin, gender and monthly family income (β=.119 to .668, all P < 0.05), while the reasons for keeping pets and coping style disposition were negatively correlated with the total score of LAPS (β=-.537 and -.621, P < 0.05). Conclusion College students' pet attachment is a common behavioral problem, which is closely related to such factors as family rearing, community cultural atmosphere, school education and the personality of the undergraduates.

Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a progressive and irreversible disease that reduces survival. Echinacoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside from Tibetan herbs known for its vasorelaxant effect and for inhibiting the proliferation of rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. This study aimed to investigate the effect of echinacoside on HPH. Sprague Dawley rats were housed in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber (4500 m) for 28 days to obtain the HPH model. Echinacoside (3.75, 7.5, 15, 30 and 40 mg/kg) was administered by intraperitoneal injection from the 1st to the 28th day. The mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), right ventricular hypertrophy index, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell concentration and morphological change of pulmonary arteries were evaluated. Vascular perfusion assay was used to assess the pulmonary artery function. Echinacoside reduced mPAP, hemoglobin, hematocrit, right ventricular hypertrophy index and mean wall thickness% of pulmonary arteries in HPH rats. It significantly increased maximum vasoconstriction percentage of pulmonary arteries induced by noradrenaline in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, it improved the responsiveness of pulmonary arteries to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Therefore, Echinacoside might be an effective treatment against HPH, since it regulated pulmonary artery endothelium and smooth muscle layer function and improved the remodeling of pulmonary artery.

Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) that operates over a long sensing fiber is prone to be affected by the detrimental non-local effects (NLE); since NLE can distort Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS), therefore correctly retrieving Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) is very challenging. Recently, the basic artificial neural networks (B-ANN) has been demonstrated to retrieve BFS effectively, in the case that a distortion-free BGS can be obtained. However, in the more general cases with NLE, a neural network for retrieving BFS in BOTDA data has not been proposed. In this paper, firstly the physical origin of NLE is analyzed theoretically and experimentally in detail. Then a specific ANN (NLE-ANN) is proposed to deal with the BOTDA data affected by NLE for the first time. The experimental verifications show that with the cooperative implementation of NLE-ANN and B-ANN, the effective retrieval of BFS along the whole fiber can be achieved, even though the BGS has been affected by NLE. This work proposes a promising approach in traditional BOTDA, because the upper limit of probe power could be raised by artificial intelligence to boost the sensing performance.

Background: There is obvious difference in individual response to opioids. Many studies have examined the correlation between the μ-opioid receptor 1 (OPRM1) 118A>G genetic variation and opioid requirement in pain treatment, but the conclusion remains elusive. Objectives: To investigate whether the OPRM1 118A>G genetic variation is associated with the opioid requirement. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane library, and EMBASE databases were systematically searched up to May 5, 2018, using the keywords “OPRM1,” “genetic variant,” “opioid,” and “pain” to identify reviews or meta-analyses on this topic. Two independent reviewers performed the data extraction and assessed study quality. The authors investigated the standardized mean difference (SMD) of opioid requirement between AA homozygotes and G allele carriers. The authors also examined the association between the OPRM1 118A>G genetic variation and adverse effects such as nausea and vomiting. Potential bias was assessed using the Egger’s test and the Begg’s test. Results: A total of 530 articles were retrieved from the databases searched, and 36 studies involving 8,609 patients were included in the final analysis. G allele carriers required a higher mean opioid dose (SMD: 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.12, 0.22]; P < 0.001) and displayed less nausea risk difference (RD): –0.04; 95% CI: [–0.06, –0.01]), but the incident rate of vomiting has no relationship with the genetic variant than AA homozygotes in a random-effects meta-analysis. Although there was no evidence of publication bias (Begg’s test: P = 0.333; Egger’s: P = 0.561), heterogeneity was present among studies (I2 = 54.3%). In the subgroup meta-analyses, there was also significance observed in the postoperative pain setting. Limitations: In all of the articles reviewed, postoperative pain and cancer pain were mostly discussed except for one in other pain setting. Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, the results indicate the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism was associated with the opioid requirement and the adverse effects in pain treatment especially in postoperative pain. This may provide valuable information for clinicians to adopt personalized pain management by properly using the opioids in individual patients. Key words: OPRM1, genetic variation, opioid, pain, side effect, review, meta-analysis

Breast cancer type two susceptibility protein (BRCA2) is an essential protein in genome maintenance, homologous recombination (HR), and replication fork protection. Its function includes multiple interaction partners and requires timely localization to relevant sites in the nucleus. We investigated the importance of the highly conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD) and C-terminal domain (CTD) of BRCA2. We generated BRCA2 variants missing one or both domains in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and defined their contribution in HR function and dynamic localization in the nucleus, by single-particle tracking of BRCA2 mobility. Changes in molecular architecture of BRCA2 induced by binding partners of purified BRCA2 were determined by scanning force microscopy. BRCA2 mobility and DNA-damage-induced increase in the immobile fraction were largely unaffected by C-terminal deletions. The purified proteins missing CTD and/or DBD were defective in architectural changes correlating with reduced HR function in cells. These results emphasize BRCA2 activity at sites of damage beyond promoting RAD51 delivery.

BRCA2 is an essential protein in genome maintenance, homologous recombination and replication fork protection. Its function includes multiple interaction partners and requires timely localization to relevant sites in the nucleus. We investigated the importance of the highly conserved DNA binding domain (DBD) and C-terminal domain (CTD) of BRCA2. We generated BRCA2 variants missing one or both domains in mouse ES cells and defined their contribution in HR function and dynamic localization in the nucleus, by single particle tracking of BRCA2 mobility. Changes in molecular architecture of BRCA2 induced by binding partners of purified BRCA2 was determined by scanning force microscopy. BRCA2 mobility and DNA damage-induced increase in the immobile fraction was largely unaffected by C- terminal deletions. The purified proteins missing CTD and/or DBD were defective in architectural changes correlating with reduced homologous recombination function in cells. These results emphasize BRCA2 activity at sites of damage beyond promoting RAD51 delivery.

Simple Summary Hyperthermia is a method to expose a tumor to elevated temperatures. Heating of the tumor promotes the effects of various treatment regimens that are based on chemo and radiotherapy. Several aspects, however, limit the efficacy of hyperthermia-based treatments. This review provides an overview of the effects and limitations of hyperthermia and discusses how current drawbacks of the therapy can potentially be counteracted by inhibiting the heat stress response—a mechanism that cells activate to defend themselves against hyperthermia. Abstract Cancer treatments based on mild hyperthermia (39–43 °C, HT) are applied to a widening range of cancer types, but several factors limit their efficacy and slow down more widespread adoption. These factors include difficulties in adequate heat delivery, a short therapeutic window and the acquisition of thermotolerance by cancer cells. Here, we explore the biological effects of HT, the cellular responses to these effects and their clinically-relevant consequences. We then identify the heat stress response—the cellular defense mechanism that detects and counteracts the effects of heat—as one of the major forces limiting the efficacy of HT-based therapies and propose targeting this mechanism as a potentially universal strategy for improving their efficacy.

With deep learning, the restoration of phase-sensitive OTDR impulse response is achieved with double rectangular test pulses, thereafter optimal probe-pulse is designed to suppress interference fading at designated zone.

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be used to replace the traditional methods in various fields, making signal processing more efficient and meeting the real-time processing requirements of the Internet of Things (IoT). Recently, as a special type of ANN, the feedforward neural network (FNN) has been used to replace the time-consuming Lorentzian curve fitting (LCF) method in Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) system to retrieve the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS), which could be used as the indicator in temperature/strain sensing and so on. However, the FNN needs to be re-trained if the generalization ability is not satisfactory, or the frequency scanning step is changing in the experiment. This is a cumbersome and inefficient process. In this paper, the FNN only needs to be trained once with the proposed method, and 150.62 km BOTDA is built to verify the performance of the trained FNN. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method is promising in BOTDA because of its high computational efficiency and wide adaptability.

The purpose of this study was to explore the role of self-efficacy and social engagement in psychological well-being of Chinese nursing home residents. A total of 307 residents completed the measur...

Pain is accompanied by high morbidity and imposes a substantial economic burden on individuals and society. Unfortunately, few effective therapeutic methods are available for pain relief. Berberine is a natural product that has attracted widespread attention in recent years. Studies have shown that berberine has various pharmacological effects, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidative stress, anti-thrombotic, anti-tumor, and hypoglycemic activity. According to the literature, berberine exerts its pain-relieving activity by downregulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)-1; suppression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB); and modulation of μ opioid receptors. Moreover, berberine could regulate the dopamine and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) systems and induce the expression of Nrf2 to promote analgesia. The present literature review discusses the analgesic effects of berberine in inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, cancer pain, chemotherapy pain, and morphine tolerance, and discusses the possible mechanism of berberine in pain regulation.

To assess the safety and efficacy of tranexamic acid (TA) on off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery.Meta-analysis.Operating room, OPCAB surgery, all surgeries were elective measurements. Searching the following data sources respectively: PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and reference lists of identified articles, we performed a meta-analysis of postoperative 24h blood loss, postoperative allogeneic transfusion, re-operation for massive bleeding, postoperative mortality, and postoperative thrombotic complications.Using electronic databases, we selected 15 randomized control trials (RCTs), carried out between 2003 and 2016, with a total of 1250 patients for our review. TA significantly reduced the postoperative 24h blood loss (mean difference -213.32ml, 95% confidence intervals, -247.20ml to -179.43ml; P0.0001). And, TA also significantly reduced the risk of packed red blood cell (PRBCs) transfusion (risk ratio 0.62; 95% confidence intervals 0.51 to 0.76; P0.0001) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion (0.65; 0.52 to 0.81; P0.001). There were no statistical significance on platelet transfusion (risk difference -0.00, 95% confidence interval -0.02 to 0.02; P=0.73) and re-operation (0.00, -0.02 to 0.02; P=1.00). No association was found between TA and morbility (risk difference -0.00, 95% confidence interval -0.02 to 0.02; P=0.99) and thrombotic complications (-0.01, -0.01 to 0.02; P=0.70).TA reduced the probability of receiving a PRBCs and FFP transfusion during OPCAB surgery. And no association with postoperative death and thrombotic events was found. However, further trials with an appropriate sample size are required to confirm TA safety in OPCAB surgery.

Morphine, a highly potent analgesic, is one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of severe pain associated with cancer. It directly acts on the central nervous system to relieve pain, but also cause secondary complications, such as addiction, respiratory depression and constipation due to its activities on peripheral tissues. Besides pain relief, morphine is of great importance on cancer management with its effect on tumor development being the subject of debate for many years with some contradictory findings. Morphine has shown both tumor growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting effects in many published research studies. And various signaling pathways have been suggested to be involved in these effects of morphine. Based on a thorough literature review, we summarized the double-faced effects of morphine in tumor development, including tumor cell growth and apoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, immunomodulation and inflammation. And we attempted to optimize morphine administration in cancer patients to attenuate its tumor growth-promoting effects.

For enhancing the performance of phase-sensitive OTDR, the impulse response of fiber Rayleigh scattering channel can be restored by using two probing pulses (with complementary frequency sidelobes) and deep learning data-processing. © 2020 The Author(s)

Advances in transcriptome sequencing have revealed that the genome fraction largely encodes for thousands of non‐coding RNAs. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are a class of non–protein‐coding RNAs longer than approximately 200 nucleotides in length, are emerging as key epigenetic regulators of gene expression recently. Intensive studies have characterized their crucial roles in cutaneous biology and diseases. In this review, we address the promotive or suppressive effects of lncRNAs on cutaneous physiological processes. Then, we focus on the pathogenic role of dysfunctional lncRNAs in a variety of proliferative skin diseases. These evidences suggest that lncRNAs have indispensable roles in the processes of skin biology. Additionally, lncRNAs might be promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cutaneous disorders.

There is obvious difference in individual response to opioids. Many studies have examined the correlation between the mu-opioid receptor 1 (OPRM1) 118AG genetic variation and opioid requirement in pain treatment, but the conclusion remains elusive.To investigate whether the OPRM1 118AG genetic variation is associated with the opioid requirement.Systematic review and meta-analysis.PubMed, Cochrane library, and EMBASE databases were systematically searched up to May 5, 2018, using the keywords "OPRM1," "genetic variant," "opioid," and "pain" to identify reviews or meta-analyses on this topic. Two independent reviewers performed the data extraction and assessed study quality. The authors investigated the standardized mean difference (SMD) of opioid requirement between AA homozygotes and G allele carriers. The authors also examined the association between the OPRM1 118AG genetic variation and adverse effects such as nausea and vomiting. Potential bias was assessed using the Egger's test and the Begg's test.A total of 530 articles were retrieved from the databases searched, and 36 studies involving 8,609 patients were included in the final analysis. G allele carriers required a higher mean opioid dose (SMD: 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.12, 0.22]; P0.001) and displayed less nausea risk difference (RD): -0.04; 95% CI: [-0.06, -0.01]), but the incident rate of vomiting has no relationship with the genetic variant than AA homozygotes in a random-effects meta-analysis. Although there was no evidence of publication bias (Begg's test: P = 0.333; Egger's: P = 0.561), heterogeneity was present among studies (I-squared = 54.3%). In the subgroup meta-analyses, there was also significance observed in the postoperative pain setting.In all of the articles reviewed, postoperative pain and cancer pain were mostly discussed except for one in other pain setting.In this meta-analysis, the results indicate the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism was associated with the opioid requirement and the adverse effects in pain treatment especially in postoperative pain. This may provide valuable information for clinicians to adopt personalized pain management by properly using the opioids in individual patients.OPRM1, genetic variation, opioid, pain, side effect, review, meta-analysis.

P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), a subtype of P2 purinergic receptors, is an ATP-gated receptor through which activity of spinal microglia instigates pain hypersensitivity in various pain conditions. Accumulating evidence indicates that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays an important role in chronic pain facilitation, and it could stimulate microglia activation and involve in regulating P2X4R expression. However, the mechanism of MCP-1 in regulating the expression of P2X4R in microglia is poorly understood, and whether MCP-1 can aggravate pain via up-regulating spinal P2X4R expression in Cancer-induced Bone Pain (CIBP) remains unclear. In this study, we observed that Iba-1 and P2X4R expression is increased in microglia treated with MCP-1, and blockade with a selective CCR2 antagonist RS-504393 suppressed microglia activation and reduced P2X4R expression in cultured microglia. In response to MCP-1, the expression level of p-Akt was also increased and RS-504393 inhibited the increase. Besides, PI3K inhibitor LY 294002 could attenuate MCP-1-induced P2X4R expression in cultured microglia. MCP-1 was found to be associated with P2X4R expression and mechanical allodynia induced by CIBP in vivo since the expression of MCP-1 was increased in CIBP and RS-504393 alleviated the P2X4R expression and mechanical allodynia in CIBP. Moreover, RS-504393 also reduced the increase of p-Akt induced by CIBP. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway may partly reduce MCP-1/CCR2-induced expression of P2X4R and mechanical allodynia in CIBP rats.

ANN has been applied to replace the time-consuming process that using LCF to obtain BFS in BOTDA recently. We demonstrate that it is extremely important to add noise to simulated BGS during the training process.