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The reserves and production of thick coal seams account for half of the total reserves and production of raw coal in China. By combing the history of thick coal seam mining, we summarize the technology and equipment development practice of thick coal seam mining in China over the past 40 years, explained the development history from the introduction of large mining height technology and equipment to the successful development of the first domestic large mining height hydraulic support to the world’s first 8m-class large mining height comprehensive mining face production. Summarizing the research progress of high-efficiency and intelligent comprehensive mining technology and equipment for large mining height, represented by high-end large mining height hydraulic support and intelligent coupling theory of surrounding rock. Clarifying that the breakthrough of large mining height support theory and intelligent coupling control of the surrounding rock is the primary factor for the breakthrough of the primary mining height of thick coal seam. The establishment of a perfect perception system is a prerequisite for the adaptive support of the hydraulic support. The application of digital technology provides a new technical way for efficient advancement of large mining face and intelligent cooperative control of equipment. Clarified the coupling relationship between large mining height integrated release hydraulic support and surrounding rocks, illustrates the favorable influence of increasing mining height on hard coal seam venting, then an intelligent coal discharge control strategy based on coal gangue identification and coal discharge mechanism control, which includes “pure coal segment memory coal discharge + coal rock boundary fuzzy segment manual feedback intervention coal discharge” is proposed. The key technology of intelligent coupling control for large-scale mining and transportation cooperation is pointed out. It is pointed out that the multi machine heterogeneous coupling adaptive collaborative control between working face equipment is a key factor for the success of intelligent mining. The linkage adjustment between the traction speed of the shearer and the chain speed of the scraper conveyor is a necessary means to adapt to large-scale mining and transportation. Then research and development directions for breakthroughs in the height of primary mining of thick coal seams from the aspects of mining equipment, control systems are proposed.

In bone tissue engineering, polycaprolactone (PCL) is a promising material with good biocompatibility, but its poor degradation rate, mechanical strength, and osteogenic properties limit its application. In this study, we developed an Mg-1Ca/polycaprolactone (Mg-1Ca/PCL) composite scaffolds to overcome these limitations. We used a melt blending method to prepare Mg-1Ca/PCL composites with Mg-1Ca alloy powder mass ratios of 5, 10, and 20 wt%. Porous scaffolds with controlled macro- and microstructure were printed using the fused deposition modeling method. We explored the mechanical strength, biocompatibility, osteogenesis performance, and molecular mechanism of the Mg-1Ca/PCL composites. The 5 and 10 wt% Mg-1Ca/PCL composites were found to have good biocompatibility. Moreover, they promoted the mechanical strength, proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) of pure PCL. In vitro degradation experiments revealed that the composite material stably released Mg2+ ions for a long period; it formed an apatite layer on the surface of the scaffold that facilitated cell adhesion and growth. Microcomputed tomography and histological analysis showed that both 5 and 10 wt% Mg-1Ca/PCL composite scaffolds promoted bone regeneration bone defects. Our results indicated that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was involved in the osteogenic effect. Therefore, Mg-1Ca/PCL composite scaffolds are expected to be a promising bone regeneration material for clinical application. Statement of significance: Bone tissue engineering scaffolds have promising applications in the regeneration of critical-sized bone defects. However, there remain many limitations in the materials and manufacturing methods used to fabricate scaffolds. This study shows that the developed Ma-1Ca/PCL composites provides scaffolds with suitable degradation rates and enhanced boneformation capabilities. Furthermore, the fused deposition modeling method allows precise control of the macroscopic morphology and microscopic porosity of the scaffold. The obtained porous scaffolds can significantly promote the regeneration of bone defects.

Civil aircrafts are highly complex systems. During the manufacturing process, deviations can occur due to cumulative errors in installation, system control, and other factors. These deviations often lead to the phenomenon of aircraft “runaway” during ground taxiing, taking off, and landing. Corrective maneuvers to address this issue not only increase the pilot’s workload but also heighten the risk of aircraft deviation from the runway. Therefore, accurately testing and aligning the side deviation angle of an aircraft is crucial for ensuring safe operations. In this paper, we first construct a mathematical model of aircraft dynamics and derive a simplified mathematical model specifically designed for aircraft trimming tests. Next, a ground taxiing trimming test is conducted to verify the accuracy of this simplified model. Additionally, we investigate the crosswind factor, which has the greatest impact on side deviation measurements, to establish the relationship between the crosswind factor and the nose wheel trimming angle. Based on this, we innovatively propose a method for achieving aircraft trimming through the equivalent trimming angle of the nose wheel. Ultimately, this approach allows aircraft trimming to be achieved with a single taxiing side deviation test, which will reduce the cost of flight tests and normal operation of the airplane when finding taxiing deviation. The method innovatively proposed in this paper offers an efficient and accurate solution for aircraft trimming tests and adjustments, significantly reducing the cost of such tests and improving the safety of civil aircraft.

Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) is among the earliest domesticated staple crops in the world’s agricultural history and facilitated the development of several early agrarian cultures, particularly those originating in northern China. However, the propagation route of broomcorn millet in China from the Middle Ages to the present remains unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the genetic affinity between ancient and modern millet samples, trace the genetic origins and diffusion pathways of broomcorn millet, and provide insights into its domestication and spread. To achieve this, we sequence ancient DNA from broomcorn millet remains excavated from the Chashan Village cemetery (AD 691) in Gansu Province, China. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses, integrating ancient and modern millet genomes, reveal a close genetic relationship between ancient millet and contemporary millet from Ningxia Province (445 km away from Chashan Village), suggesting a potential origin for the Chashan millet. This finding aligns with the tomb’s epitaph, which documents the reburial of the tomb’s owner, who was originally buried in Ningxia, and provides important archaeological evidence for understanding the interaction between geopolitical dynamics and the natural environment in northwest China during the late seventh century. Furthermore, outgroup-f3 and D statistics evidence suggests substantial genetic interactions between ancient millet and modern varieties from the Loess Plateau, Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, and Northeast Plain, indicating the dispersal route of broomcorn millet, along with human migration routes, from the northwest to northern China and ultimately to the northeast region, starting from the Middle Ages onward. This study enhances our understanding of millet’s genetic history, offers a novel perspective on burial archaeology, and provides valuable insights into the origins, domestication, and diffusion of broomcorn millet.

High-frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) acoustic noise is generated by PWM switching harmonics in the dual-branch three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems during the switching process of the drivers. Because of the special winding structure of the double branch motor, the sum of the current of the two branches reflects the high frequency vibration of the motor. This paper proposes a method using four voltage source inverters and coupled inductors with a special connection method to eliminate the carrier frequency as well as its twice, triple noise for dual-branch three-phase PMSMs. Carrier-phase-shift technique is used to change the direction of the current harmonics. Compared with the conventional method, four paralleled VSIs can be saved. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the method.

ABSTRACTAgeing mechanism of PEEK powders at optimal powder bed temperature (Tb) and factors affecting their reusability remain unclear. This study investigated effects of gas type (air, nitrogen, and argon) and holding time (0–8 h) on physico-chemical properties of PEEK powders at optimal Tb. The hardness of sintered single-layers was measured to evaluate the quality of the parts. Results revealed that the flowability, morphology, and crystallinity of PEEK powders changed with holding time in different gases. Further, the ageing mechanism involved chain crosslinking within molecular chains in all gases but chain breakage in air. Further, laser power required for SLS decreased with the increase in holding time. However, the hardness of single-layers was stable for powders aged in argon for up to 8 h, but decreased by 7% for powders aged in nitrogen for 4 h. Severe degradation and blackening were observed for single-layers sintered in air using both virgin and aged powders.

CD147 also known as EMMPRIN, basigin, and HAb18G, is a single-chain type I transmembrane protein shown to be overexpressed in aggressive human cancers of CNS, head and neck, breasts, lungs, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, skin, hematological, and musculoskeletal. In these malignancies, the molecule is integral to the diverse but complimentary hallmarks of cancer: it is pivotal in cancerous proliferative signaling, growth propagation, cellular survival, replicative immortality, angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, immune evasion, invasion, and metastasis. CD147 also has regulatory functions in cancer-enabling characteristics such as DNA damage response (DDR) and immune evasion. These neoplastic functions of CD147 are executed through numerous and sometimes overlapping molecular pathways: it transduces signals from upstream molecules or ligands such as cyclophilin A (CyPA), CD98, and S100A9; activates a repertoire of downstream molecules and pathways including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2,3,9, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1/2α, PI3K/Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α, and ATM/ATR/p53; and also functions as an indispensable chaperone or regulator to monocarboxylate, fatty acid, and amino acid transporters. Interestingly, induced loss of functions to CD147 prevents and reverses the acquired hallmarks of cancer in neoplastic diseases. Silencing of Cd147 also alleviates known resistance to chemoradiotherapy exhibited by malignant tumors like carcinomas of the breast, lung, pancreas, liver, gastric, colon, ovary, cervix, prostate, urinary bladder, glioblastoma, and melanoma. Targeting CD147 antigen in chimeric and induced-chimeric antigen T cell or antibody therapies is also shown to be safer and more effective. Moreover, incorporating anti-CD147 monoclonal antibodies in chemoradiotherapy, oncolytic viral therapy, and oncolytic virus-based-gene therapies increases effectiveness and reduces on and off-target toxicity. This study advocates the expedition and expansion by further exploiting the evidence acquired from the experimental studies that modulate CD147 functions in hallmarks of cancer and cancer-enabling features and strive to translate them into clinical practice to alleviate the emergency and propagation of cancer, as well as the associated clinical and social consequences.

Abstract Background When evaluating the efficacy and safety of various desensitizing products in vitro, their mechanism of action and clinical utility should be considered during test model selection. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two desensitizers, an in-office use material and an at-home use material, on dentin specimen permeability, and their dentin barrier cytotoxicity with appropriate test models. Methods Two materials, GLUMA desensitizer (GLU) containing glutaraldehyde and remineralizing and desensitizing gel (RD) containing sodium fluoride and fumed silica, were selected. Human dentin specimens were divided into three groups (n = 6): in groups 1 and 2, GLU was applied, and in group 3, RD was applied and immersed in artificial saliva (AS) for 24 h. Dentin specimen permeability before and after each treatment/post-treatment was measured using a hydraulic device under a pressure of 20 cm H2O. The perfusion fluid was deionized water, except in group 2 where 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used. The representative specimens before and after treatment from each group were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. To measure cytotoxicity, test materials were applied to the occlusal surfaces of human dentin disks under which three-dimensional cell scaffolds were placed. After 24-h contact within the test device, cell viability was measured via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Results GLU significantly reduced the dentin permeability and occluded the dentinal tubules when 2% BSA was used as perfusion fluid. RD significantly reduced dentin permeability and occluded the tubules, but permeability rebounded after AS immersion. GLU significantly decreased cell viability, but RD was non-cytotoxic. Conclusions In vitro GLU application induced effective dentinal tubule occlusion only following the introduction of simulated dentinal fluid. RD provided effective tubule occlusion, but its full remineralization potential was not realized after a short period of immersion in AS. GLU may harm the pulp, whereas RD is sufficiently biocompatible.

Guided bone regeneration membranes have been effectively applied in oral implantology to repair bone defects. However, typical resorbable membranes composed of collagen (Col) have insufficient mechanical properties and high degradation rate, while non-resorbable membranes need secondary surgery. Herein, we designed a photocrosslinkable collagen/polycaprolactone methacryloyl/magnesium (Col/PCLMA/Mg) composite membrane that provided spatiotemporal support effect after photocrosslinking. Magnesium particles were added to the PCLMA solution and Col/PCLMA and Col/PCLMA/Mg membranes were developed; Col membranes and PCL membranes were used as controls. After photocrosslinking, an interpenetrating polymer network was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in Col/PCL and Col/PCL/Mg membranes. The elastic modulus, swelling behavior, cytotoxicity, cell attachment, and cell proliferation of the membranes were evaluated. Degradation behavior in vivo and in vitro was monitored according to mass change and by SEM. The membranes were implanted into calvarial bone defects of rats for 8 weeks. The Col/PCL and Col/PCL/Mg membranes displayed much higher elastic modulus (p 0.05). The Col/PCL and Col/PCL/Mg membranes had lower degradation rates than the Col membranes, both in vivo and in vitro (p

This paper proposed a permanent magnet optimization method to suppress the air gap flux density harmonic of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The method corrected the effective air gap length of the motor, calculated the magnetization length of the permanent in the case of parallel magnetization, and took the influence of the permanent magnet relative permeability into consideration. Based on these works, for a given sinusoidal air gap flux density waveform, the corresponding structural parameters can be calculated, so as to achieve the optimization of the permanent magnet. By using this method to optimize the shape of the magnet, the fundamental wave of the air gap flux density can be retained to the greatest extent, so as to eliminate harmonics and maintain the output capacity at the same time. The feasibility and accuracy of the method have been verified by finite element analysis (FEA) and prototype machine experiment. This method is simple and time-saving, and has a satisfactory accuracy, which provides a reference method for permanent magnet optimization of PMSM.

Secondary osteoporosis is triggered mostly by glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. Dexamethasone (DEX) was reported to inhibit osteogenic differentiation in zebrafish larvae and MC3T3-E1 cells in prior research. In this research, we primarily examined the protective impacts of epimedin C on the osteogenic inhibition impact of MC3T3-E1 cells and zebrafish larvae mediated by DEX. The findings illustrated no apparent toxicity for MC3T3-E1 cells after administering epimedin C at increasing dosages from 1 to 60 μM and no remarkable proliferation in MC3T3-E1 cells treated using DEX. In MC3T3-E1 cells that had been treated using DEX, we discovered that epimedin C enhanced alkaline phosphatase activities and mineralization. Epimedin C could substantially enhance the protein expression of osterix (OSX), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) in MC3T3-E1 cells subjected to DEX treatment. Additionally, epimedin C stimulated PI3K and AKT signaling pathways in MC3T3-E1 cells that had been treated using DEX. Furthermore, in a zebrafish larvae model, epimedin C was shown to enhance bone mineralization in DEX-mediated bone impairment. We also found that epimedin C enhanced ALPL activity and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells treated using DEX, which may be reversed by PI3K inhibitor (LY294002). LY294002 can also reverse the protective impact of epimedin C on DEX-mediated bone impairment in zebrafish larval. These findings suggested that epimedin C alleviated the suppressive impact of DEX on the osteogenesis of zebrafish larval and MC3T3-E1 cells via triggering the PI3K and AKT signaling pathways. Epimedin C has significant potential in the development of innovative drugs for the treatment of glucocorticoid-mediated osteoporosis.

A novel linear permanent magnet vernier generator (LPMVG) for small-power off-grid wave power generation systems is proposed in this paper. Firstly, in order to reduce the cogging force and the inherent edge effect of the linear generator, a staggered tooth modular structure is proposed. Secondly, in order to improve the output power and efficiency of the LPMVG and reduce the fluctuation coefficient of electromagnetic force, the relationship between the parameters of the generator is studied, and a method combining multi-objective optimization and single parameter scanning based on the response surface model and particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal structural parameters of the generator. Thirdly, the output power and efficiency of the optimized generator are calculated and analyzed based on the two-dimensional finite element method, and the effectiveness of the multi-objective optimization design method based on the response surface model and particle swarm optimization algorithm is verified. Finally, a prototype is developed, and the calculated results and the measured results are shown to be in good agreement.

Abstract This paper proposes a strategy called hybrid asymmetrical regular sampled modified space‐vector pulse width modulation technique in two‐level voltage source inverters. Based on the existing modified space‐vector pulse width modulation, the presented strategy further changes the phase voltage waveform and carrier period, therefore not only eliminating the pulse width modulation noise nearby odd‐order carrier frequency but also reducing the noise around even‐order carrier frequency. Moreover, the frequency band is not elevated due to the periodical varying switching frequency. Under the condition of achieving similar high‐frequency harmonic performance, the proposed strategy will save at least 25% switching loss compared with conventional space‐vector pulse width modulation. Moreover, the dynamic performance of the drive system using the hybrid asymmetrical regular sampled modified space‐vector pulse width modulation can also be improved by asymmetrical regular sample. Implementation process has been introduced and the noise elimination principle has been analysed by mathematical demonstration. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy has been confirmed by simulation and detailed experimental results.

The audible harsh switching noise from permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) is generated by pulse width modulation (PWM) technique applied in voltage source inverters(VSIs). This paper proposes a method based on a known modified PWM strategy for two-level VSIs. The proposed method alters the zero vector in one of the two carrier period at the cost of increasing switching frequency of one phase and changes the carrier period randomly. It not only completely eliminates the PWM noise nearby odd-order carrier frequency but also reduces even-order carrier frequency noise. The elimination principle as well as the simulation have been demonstrated. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method has been confirmed by detailed experimental results. The dynamic performance are also investigated.

The study of human and animal paleodiets, representing the unique subsistence strategies and human-environment interactions adopted over evolutionary time, has attracted intensive research attention. Historically, the western Loess Plateau (WLP) served as a key area for the evolution of human-land relationship. The human subsistence patterns in the WLP changed significantly from prehistoric to historical periods based on archaeobotanical data. However, the trajectory and influencing factors of ancient human and animal diets in the WLP remain unclear, mainly due to the lack of isotopic data in the upper reaches of the Wei River. In this paper, we reported 172 human and animal isotope samples (C and N) and 23 radiocarbon dates from three sites in the middle-lower reaches of the Hulu River Valley (HRV). At least three periods of dietary patterns for humans were observed in the WLP from the late Neolithic to Ming Dynasty. During 5300–4000 Before Present (BP), humans and domesticated animals such as pigs and dogs consumed a greater proportion of millets and millet byproducts. Between 3000 and 2200 BP, the diets of pigs and dogs remained largely comprised of C4 foods, while humans consumed both C3 and C4 foods, which contradicted the evidence of an overwhelming proportion of wheat and barley (C3 crops) from the contemporaneous cultural sediment. The contradictions between plant remains and human diets are probably related to geopolitical factors. Between 1000–500 BP, human diets were more diverse and heterogeneous in this region. Combined with environmental and archaeological evidence, the changes in diets and subsistence strategies over the three periods can be attributed to the comprehensive influence of regional cultural development, geopolitics and technological innovation. This paper not only reveals the trajectory and influencing factors of ancient human and animal diets in the middle-lower HRV, but also explores how subsistence strategies, particularly in terms of dietary structure, will change in the context of cultural exchange and diffusion, and emphasizes the important influence of geopolitical interactions in the WLP.

Two-level voltage source inverters with pulse width modulation (PWM) generate multiple carrier harmonics, thereby exciting high-frequency noise from the motor. Based on a special dual-branch three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), a method that utilizes a known modified space vector PWM technique is proposed. This method is able to suppress unpleasant high-frequency vibration noise as well as acoustic noise more effectively than other methods. Vibration noise near the twice carrier frequency is eliminated, and PWM vibration noise around the carrier frequency is also reduced. In particular, vibration and acoustic noise at the twice carrier frequency are eliminated using a carrier phase-shift of 0.5π and the special winding structure of the dual-branch PMSM. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed using detailed experimental results.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) with different curing mode. RelyX Luting 2(RL) and Nexus RMGI (NR) were bonded to enamel, dentin, cobalt-chromium alloy, and ceramic using light-curing and chemical-curing modes, separately. The bond strength of light curing was higher than that of chemical curing for all groups. The bond strength of RL and NR in the light-cured group was significantly higher than those in chemical curing for both enamel and cobalt-chromium alloy (P < 0.05). The most common mode of adhesive fracture was cohesive fracture. The difference of adhesive strength resulted from the difference of micromechanical interlocking of adhesive which came from the cohesive strength of RMGICs with light curing. FT-IR showed that light curing was followed by chemical curing, but the chemically cured samples could not be cured without an external light source. Thus, light curing is an essential procedure in improving bond strength when using dual-cured RMGICs in clinics.

Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis are closely related and have complex influencing factors. The impact of anti-diabetic drugs on bone metabolism has received more and more attention. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) would lead to bone fragility, high risk of fracture, poor bone repair and other bone-related diseases. Furthermore, hypoglycemic drugs used to treat T2DM may have notable detrimental effects on bones. Thus, the clinically therapeutic strategy for T2DM should not only effectively control the patient’s glucose levels, but also minimize the complications of bone metabolism diseases. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are novel and promising drug for the treatment of T2DM. Some studies have found that GLP-1RAs may play an anti-osteoporotic effect by controlling blood sugar levels, promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. However, in clinical practice, the specific effects of GLP-1RA on fracture risk and osteoporosis have not been clearly defined and evidenced. This review summarizes the current research findings by which GLP-1RAs treatment of diabetic osteoporosis, postmenopausal osteoporosis and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and describes possible mechanisms, such as GLP-1R/MAPK signaling pathway, GLP-1R/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and Wnt/β-catenin pathway, that are associated with GLP-1RAs and osteoporosis. The specific role and related mechanisms of GLP-1RAs in the bone metabolism of patients with different types of osteoporosis need to be further explored and clarified.

Coal is an essential fossil fuel in China; however, coal mining and its utilization are being under the increasing pressure from ecological and environmental protection. Therefore, the consulting project “Technical Revolution in Ecological and Efficient Coal Mining and Utilization & Intelligence and Diverse Coordination of Coal-based Energy System,” initiated by Chinese Academy of Engineering, puts forward three stages (3.0, 4.0 and 5.0) of China’s coal industry development strategy. Aimed at “reduced staff, ultra-low ecological damage, and emission level near to natural gas,” breakthroughs should be achieved in the following three key technologies during the China Coal Industry 3.0 stage (2016–2025): including intelligent coal mining, ecological mining, ultra-low emission and environmental protection. This paper focuses on the development trends of the China Coal Industry 3.0 and its support for China Coal Industry 4.0 and 5.0 is analyzed and prospected as well, which may offer technical assistance and strategy orientation for realizing the transformation from traditional coal energy to clean energy. Keywords: Intelligent mining, Ecological mining, Clean utilization, Environmental protection, China’s coal industry

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) can cause severe low back pain, which will have a serious negative impact on the ability to perform daily tasks or activities. For the past few years, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of DDD. However, the clinical efficacy of MSC in the treatment of DDD still lacks clinical evidence and is controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of MSC transplantation in patients with DDD. We searched major databases using terms from the database’s inception through March 2021. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to assess quality. The analysis showed that MSC therapy could decrease visual analog scale (VAS) scores (SMD=−0.50, 95%CI=−0.68~−0.33, P

This paper investigates the vibration enhancement or weakening effect caused by permanent magnet synchronous motor radial and tangential force formed by tooth harmonics. First, the analytical expressions of an air gap magnetic field are deduced based on a permanent magnet synchronous motor model. Then, the Maxwell stress tensor method is employed to calculate the radial and tangential force density produced by permanent magnet magnetomotive force harmonics and tooth harmonics. Moreover, the spatial phase difference between the minimum non-zero spatial order radial and tangential force waves under loading operation are also obtained. It is followed by stator vibration deformation induced by radial and tangential force waves, and the vibration enhancement or weakening effect is discussed. This study shows that the tangential force wave has a significant influence on the vibration performance similar to the radial force wave. At specific frequencies, superposition of the radial and tangential force waves can intensify the vibration while weakening each other to reduce the vibration at other specific frequencies. Numerical simulation and a vibration measurement experiment of the prototype motor were carried out to confirm the proposed theory, which can guide motor designers in selecting an appropriate pole and slot combination to apply the weakening effect between radial and tangential force waves and improve PMSM vibration performance.

Biodegradable nanoparticles and micelles are promising nanosystems for the targeted delivery of potent anticancer drugs. By using specialized polymers as nanocarriers, targeted drug delivery and release can be developed. We developed thiol-hyaluronic acid (HA-SH)/chitosan (CS) nanoparticles with redox/pH dual-responsiveness via electrostatic self-assembly followed by spontaneous chemical cross-linking. The nanoparticle surface charges were reversible through different HA-SH and CS mass ratios. Doxorubicin (DOX) was used as a model drug. Dual cross-linked nanoparticles with diameters of approximately 300 nm exhibited superior stability under physiological conditions compared with nanoparticles without disulfide cross-linking. DOX was loaded more efficiently into negative nanoparticles (45.7 wt%) than positive nanoparticles (14.2 wt%). Drug release from negative nanoparticles (ζ potential of approximately −20) was higher (87.8 wt%) at pH 4.5 and in the presence of 10 mM glutathione. Positive nanoparticles (ζ potential of approximately +20) showed the same trend, but the release rate was slower than that of negative nanoparticles. DOX-loaded HA-SH/CS particles were taken up by human breast cancer cells (SKBR3), and the loaded drug was released, exhibiting potential antitumor efficacy. The HA-SH/CS nanoparticles in this study were stable under physiological conditions and are promising candidates for the targeted delivery and release of anticancer drugs.

At present, pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is widely applied in motor drive systems. However, it may cause some unexpected effects: Bearing currents, overvoltage, power losses and unwanted noise. In some industrial cases, LC filters are always equipped in motor drive systems to suppress those unexpected effects. In order to improve the reliability and safety of the drive system, fault diagnostic strategies for power switches should be utilized as other drive systems without LC filters. In the literature, some open-switch diagnostic approaches are based on the observers derived from the mathematical models. However, the models are changed by the LC filters. Therefore, the existing approaches, based on the observers are failed, due to the change of the models. This study proposes an open-switch diagnostic method for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive equipped with LC Filter. The novelty of the proposed method is that the model of the LC filter is considered. Therefore, open-switch faults can be detected and located in the drive systems with LC filters. The switching function model of the drive system is analyzed at first. Then a sliding mode observer (SMO) considering the model of the filter is proposed to estimate the filter voltages and other state variables. Consequently, the faults can be detected and located through the residual errors between the expected and estimated filter voltages. This approach features simplicity. Furthermore, any extra sensors are not necessary. Experimental results on a 750-W PMSM drive system with an LC filter proved the feasibility of the proposed method.

Deep-sea permanent magnet motor equipped with fluid compensated pressure-tolerant system is compressed by the high pressure fluid both outside and inside. The induced stress distribution in stator core is significantly different from that in land type motor. Its effect on the magnetic properties of stator core is important for deep-sea motor designers but seldom reported. In this paper, the stress distribution in stator core, regarding the seawater compressive stress, is calculated by 2D finite element method (FEM). The effect of compressive stress on magnetic properties of electrical steel sheet, that is, permeability, BH curves, and BW curves, is also measured. Then, based on the measured magnetic properties and calculated stress distribution, the stator iron loss is estimated by stress-electromagnetics-coupling FEM. At last the estimation is verified by experiment. Both the calculated and measured results show that stator iron loss increases obviously with the seawater compressive stress.

Three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are widely used in renewable energy applications such as wind power generation, tidal energy and electric vehicles owing to their merits such as high efficiency, high precision and high reliability. To reduce the cost and volume of the drive system, techniques of reconstructing three-phase current using a single current sensor have been reported for three-phase alternating current (AC) control system using the power converts. In existing studies, the reconstruction precision is largely influenced by reconstructing dead zones on the Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) plane, which requires other algorithms to compensate either by modifying PWM modulation or by phase-shifting of the PWM signal. In this paper, a novel extended phase current reconstruction approach for PMSM drive is proposed. Six novel installation positions are obtained by analyzing the sampling results of the current paths between each two power switches. By arranging the single current sensor at these positions, the single current sensor is sampled during zero voltage vectors (ZVV) without modifying the PWM signals. This proposed method can reconstruct the three-phase currents without any complex algorithms and is available in the sector boundary region and low modulation region. Finally, this method is validated by experiments.

CD147 also known as EMMPRIN, basigin, and HAb18G, is a single-chain type I transmembrane protein shown to be overexpressed in aggressive human cancers of CNS, head and neck, breasts, lungs, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, skin, hematological, and musculoskeletal. In these malignancies, the molecule is integral to the diverse but complimentary hallmarks of cancer: it is pivotal in cancerous proliferative signaling, growth propagation, cellular survival, replicative immortality, angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, immune evasion, invasion, and metastasis. CD147 also has regulatory functions in cancer-enabling characteristics such as DNA damage response (DDR) and immune evasion. These neoplastic functions of CD147 are executed through numerous and sometimes overlapping molecular pathways: it transduces signals from upstream molecules or ligands such as cyclophilin A (CyPA), CD98, and S100A9; activates a repertoire of downstream molecules and pathways including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2,3,9, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1/2α, PI3K/Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α, and ATM/ATR/p53; and also functions as an indispensable chaperone or regulator to monocarboxylate, fatty acid, and amino acid transporters. Interestingly, induced loss of functions to CD147 prevents and reverses the acquired hallmarks of cancer in neoplastic diseases. Silencing of Cd147 also alleviates known resistance to chemoradiotherapy exhibited by malignant tumors like carcinomas of the breast, lung, pancreas, liver, gastric, colon, ovary, cervix, prostate, urinary bladder, glioblastoma, and melanoma. Targeting CD147 antigen in chimeric and induced-chimeric antigen T cell or antibody therapies is also shown to be safer and more effective. Moreover, incorporating anti-CD147 monoclonal antibodies in chemoradiotherapy, oncolytic viral therapy, and oncolytic virus-based-gene therapies increases effectiveness and reduces on and off-target toxicity. This study advocates the expedition and expansion by further exploiting the evidence acquired from the experimental studies that modulate CD147 functions in hallmarks of cancer and cancer-enabling features and strive to translate them into clinical practice to alleviate the emergency and propagation of cancer, as well as the associated clinical and social consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]