Search

Ni-Co-Mn (NCM) ternary cathode material has developed rapidly in the electric vehicle industry due to its quite low price and high-energy density. However, its practical application is limited due to serious electrochemical performance degradation and thermal instability in long-term cycle. To address such issues, Nb doping nickel-rich monocrystal NCM ternary cathode material was put forward. Because of the smooth surface and uniform size of single-crystal particles, the Li+ transmission capacity is improved, and the internal Nb doping enhances the stability of crystal structure and reduces the cation mixing of materials. Therefore, the cycle stability and rate performance of the material are greatly improved. Impressively, through the modification of the Nb element at the optimum temperature of 900 ℃, the capacity retention rate of the battery is as high as 99.3% for 100 cycles and 93.7% for 200 cycles at rate of 1 C. The specific discharge capacity at the 5C rate reached 155.5 mAh/g. This result is promising for long cycle applications. The material has excellent cycle stability due to its stable crystal structure.

Zinc manganese oxide (ZMO) system represents a notable family of mixed transition metal oxides (MTMOs) because of their superiority of the high theoretical capacity, adequacy of natural content, and low cost. However, the methods to match both the reliable synthesis and the designable construction of large-sized two-dimensional (2D) ZMO nanosheets are still considered grand challenges. Herein, we have successfully realized the preparation of 2D ZMO nanosheets with large lateral sizes up to ∼20 μm by simple pyrolysis of 2D metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets precursor. The growth mechanism of 2D MOF is proposed to be based on the lamellar micelles formed by polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). The obtained 2D and porous ZMO nanosheets exhibit high specific capacity as well as good rate capability. More importantly, the as-prepared ZMO electrode shows a remarkable capacity increment upon cycling (from 832 mAh g-1 at the 2nd cycle to 1418 mAh g-1 at the 700th cycle, at 1 A g-1). Through simple adjustment of the calcination temperature, the valence state of Mn species in the yielding ZMO samples can be fine-tuned. Through systematic investigation towards these ZMOs containing different Mn species, the extra specific capacity is revealed to be chiefly on account of the arising of the valence state of Mn upon the cycling process. Moreover, it is disclosed that the higher-valent Mn the pristine ZMO contains, the more additional capacity it gains upon cycling. We believe that this work will inspire more detailed analysis on the relationship between the valence state of Mn and extra capacity.

Catalysts with high stability and efficient electrocatalytic properties are urgently explored to improve sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in Li-O2 batteries. In this paper, exquisitely designed bifunctional catalyst comprising Co3O4 nanospheres embedded in NiO nanosheet arrays on carbon cloth as a freestanding cathode is reported. The unique hierarchical structure facilitates the continuous oxygen diffusion and the transport of Li+. Moreover, benefitting from the synergetic effect between NiO and Co3O4, the interface charge transfer kinetics was greatly enhanced. As a result, Li-O2 cells based on the integrated NiO/Co3O4/CC electrode present an improved overpotential of 1.1 V, a high discharge capacity of 8000 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 and an enhanced cycle stability of 130 cycles under a restricted capacity at 500 mAh g−1 were reached.

Green development efficiency is an essential measure of China’s economy turning into a stage of high-quality development in the new era. This paper establishes a spatial Durbin model based on the new geography economics. It empirically investigates the spatial effect of technological innovation on regional green development efficiency and the moderating effect of fiscal decentralization on the above mechanism using panel data of 29 provinces in China from 2010 to 2018. The results show that: from 2010 to 2018, both technological innovation and green development efficiency in Chinese provinces show significant spatial clustering effects; technological innovation not only has a significant role in promoting green development efficiency in the region but also leads to the improvement of green development efficiency in neighboring regions; and fiscal decentralization positively regulates the direct effect of technological innovation on green development efficiency in the region, and negatively regulates the spatial spillover effect of technological innovation on green development efficiency in neighboring regions.

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance, fatty acid profile and fecundity in the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. Five isonitrogenous experimental diets were formulated with graded lipid levels [A (5.02%), B (5.98%), C (6.91%), D (7.91%) and E (8.89%) respectively]. The results indicated that the values of body weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention presented a similar trend of increasing first and then decreased with increasing dietary lipid levels. Furthermore, prawns fed diets containing 6.91% lipid showed the best values on these parameters among all the treatments. EPA, DHA and n‐3/n‐6PUFA contents showed associated increasing with the increase in lipid deposition of prawn muscle. The activities of hepatopancreatic amylase, protease and lipase were also significantly (p

The dense NaZr2(PO4)3 (NZP) ceramics were successfully prepared by a microwave sintering process with x wt.% ZnO as a sintering aid (where x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0). The effects of ZnO additive on the crystal structure, microstructure and sintering behavior of as-prepared NZP ceramics were systematically investigated. The single NZP phase can be achieved in the wide temperature range of 900–1200 °C holding for 2 h by microwave-sintering technology. The addition of ZnO sintering aid would not noticeably change the crystal structure of NZP. Importantly, ZnO additive significantly promoted the densification and 1.0 wt% ZnO-added sample possessed the maximum relative density of 96.5% after sintering at 1100 °C, considerably higher than that of pure NZP sample. Besides, the Vickers hardness of the above sample could attain near 800 MPa, which is about four times as hard as the pure NZP ceramics without ZnO additive. It was suggested that the combination of microwave sintering with appropriate addition of ZnO sintering aid would provide a convenient and efficient method for rapid fabrication of dense NZP ceramics.

With the advent of the post-epidemic era, O2O e-commerce on community breaks through the original business model and forms a new online-to-offline integrated business model. This study is based on the value co-creation perspective and the TAM-TPB theory systematically builds a theoretical model of consumers’ continuous use intention of O2O e-commerce on the community. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to verify the research hypotheses. The research results were as follows: (1) the subjective norms and structural assurance in social factors have a positive impact on consumers’ continuous use intention; (2) the degree of convenience and safety in platform factors not only positively affect customer satisfaction but also positively affect customers’ continuous use intension, and customer satisfaction mediates between platform factors and customers’ continuous use intension; (3) customer–enterprise co-creation has a positive impact on customer perceived value, and customer perceived value plays a mediating role between customer–enterprise co-creation behavior and consumers’ willingness to continue using; (4) customer perceived value and customer satisfaction in the user factor have a significant impact on consumers’ continuous use intention.

The most critical driver of the digital economy comes from breakthroughs in cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence. In order to promote technological innovation and layout in the field of artificial intelligence, this paper analyzes the patent text of artificial intelligence technology using the LDA topic model from the perspective of the patent technology subject based on Derwent patent data. The results reveal that AI technology is upgraded from chips, sensing, and algorithms to innovative platforms and intelligent applications. Proposed countermeasures are necessary to advance the digitalization of the global economy and to achieve economic globalization in terms of industrial integration, building ecological systems, and strengthening independent innovation.

Cobalamin is an essential human vitamin widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and feed additive industries and currently produced by bacteria or archaea.

In order to reduce the vanadium ion permeability while still keep its high stability, atom radical polymerization (ATRP) method was used to introduce zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) onto the Nafion matrix in homogenous solution. The Nafion-grafted poly SBMA (N-g-PSBMA) solution was then used to blend with common Nafion solution to prepare Nafion/Nafion-g-PSBMA (N/N-g-PSBMA) amphoteric membranes by solution casting method. The grafted resins and membranes were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectra (ATR-FTIR), energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water-contact angle analysis. The results prove that the SBMA has been successfully grafted onto the Nafion backbones. Furthermore, the N/N-g-PSBMA membranes have shown higher ion selectivity, coulombic efficiency, and energy efficiency than that of pure recast Nafion (r-Nafion) membrane for VRB application. At the current density of 40–80 mA cm−2, the average energy efficiency of the VRB with N/N-g-PSBMA-20% membrane has reached up to 84.9%, which is 4.2% higher than that of the VRB with the r-Nafion membrane at the same current densities. Moreover, the 100-cycles charge-discharge test proves that the N/N-g-PSBMA-20% membrane possesses higher stability and capacity retention ability than that of r-Nafion membrane, confirming the great potential of such membranes for VRB application.

A facile one-step hydrothermal method has been adopted to directly synthesize the CuCo2S4 material on the surface of Ni foam. Due to the relatively large specific surface area and wide pore size distribution, the CuCo2S4 material not only effectively increases the reactive area, but also accommodates more side reaction products to avoid the difficulty of mass transfer. When evaluated as anode for Li-ion batteries, the CuCo2S4 material exhibits excellent electrochemical performance including high discharge capacity, outstanding cyclic stability and good rate performance. At the current density of 200 mA·g−1, the CuCo2S4 material shows an extremely high initial discharge capacity of 2510 mAh·g−1, and the cycle numbers of the material even reach 83 times when the discharge capacity is reduced to 500 mAh·g−1. Furthermore, the discharge capacity can reach 269 mAh·g−1 at a current of 2000 mA·g−1. More importantly, when the current density comes back to 200 mA·g−1, the discharge capacity could be recovered to 1436 mAh·g−1, suggesting an excellent capacity recovery characteristics.

Lithium-rich material 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 is successfully prepared by a co-precipitation method. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is measured under various charge/discharge voltages in the first and second cycles. A reasonable equivalent circuit model is designed for EIS analysis and the fitting curves are aligned well with the experimental curves, suggesting that the proposed equivalent circuit model is an ideal model for lithium battery. According to the analysis on the shape changes of the semicircle in high-frequency and mid-frequency regions during the charging and discharging process, it can be considered that the lithium-rich material is a composite structure of Li2MnO3 phase and LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 phase after its preparation, but it becomes a solid solution structure after the first charging process. The changes of Rct also support above conclusions. According to the changes of the straight line in the low-frequency region and the changes of RSEI during the charging and discharging process, it can be confirmed that the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film on the surface of the cathode is gradually formed during the first charging process, and it has been very stable and has stable Li+ migration ability after two cycles. The calculation results of Li+ solid-phase diffusion coefficient also supports above conclusions.

LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode material with full-gradient structure is prepared by a novel co-precipitation method. Scanning electron microscope images show that the material presents regular spherical shape. X-ray diffraction pattern shows that the material has good layered structure. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis for the cross section of secondary particles shows that the relative molar content of Ni gradually decreases from 84% to 76% along the center to the edge of hemisphere, while the Mn content increases gradually. Moreover, the Co content also presents a slow gradient change. Electrochemical tests at room temperature show that the retention rates of discharge capacity for full-gradient material after 100 cycles at current density of 1C and 5C are 98.8% and 93.7%, respectively, which are obviously improved compared with intrinsic material. The gradient material also shows improved midpoint voltage and specific energy. Moreover, full-gradient material exhibits good cyclic stability at high temperature, and the capacity retention rate of 100 cycles is as high as 90% at 5C rate, which is obviously higher than 71.8% of intrinsic material. Impedance spectroscopy studies show that the solid-state diffusion coefficient of lithium ion in gradient material has been significantly improved, thus showing good electrochemical properties. The full-gradient material shows excellent application prospects in the field of power batteries.

Manufacturing industry is the cornerstone of modernization. In recent years, China’s manufacturing industry has been developing rapidly. However, China’s manufacturing industry is large but not strong; it has a large quantity but not premium quality. The main reason for this is that the awareness of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the concept of sustainable development are weak. Conforming to people’s new expectations for a better life, this paper incorporated sustainable development and innovation into the assessment system of CSR, and builds a social responsibility engineering system for manufacturing industry, which includes CSR’s Theory, Regulation, Education, Evaluation and Supervision. The system aims to provide theoretical guidance for Chinese manufacturing enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities, accelerate the transformation of China’s manufacturing industry from being big to being strong, build "a community with a shared future for mankind".

In this work, we have realized the synchronous and large-scale synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on two-dimensional (2D) N-doped carbon nanosheets (NCNS) by a one-step annealing of a Ni-containing gel precursor. Upon heating, the gel is "blown" into large-sized 2D NCNS with uniformly embedded Ni nanoparticles that can catalyze the in situ CNT growth, forming a three-dimensional (3D) N-doped carbon nanosheet@carbon nanotube (NCNS@CNT) hybrid. Different from our previous "gel-blowing" strategy for 2D nanosheets, the modified "gel-blowing" strategy is capable of producing 3D architecture by employing a new complexing agent and introducing ethanol as a carbon source. Importantly, this method can be easily scaled up by annealing more gel precursors with an increased amount of ethanol. The introduction of CNTs endows NCNS@CNTs with higher quality and larger specific surface area (SSA) than pure NCNS. Consequently, the electrochemical performance of 3D NCNS@CNTs is much superior to that of 2D NCNS and found to be related with the annealing temperature. The optimized NCNS@CNTs can deliver a specific capacitance of 124 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and maintain 88% of their initial value after 10 000 cycles at 1 A g-1. Furthermore, NiO nanosheets are deposited on the NCNS@CNT framework to study its function as a conductive host. The as-fabricated hybrid electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 660 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and 532 F g-1 at 20 A g-1, which is also better than its counterpart using NCNS as substrates. This method provides a simplified and low-cost way towards the mass production of NCNS@CNTs for energy application and beyond.

Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and 3 (RIPK3) are critical regulators of programmed necrosis or necroptosis. However, the role of the RIPK1/RIPK3 signaling pathway in myocardial fibrosis and related diabetic cardiomyopathy is still unclear. We hypothesized that RIPK1/RIPK3 activation mediated myocardial fibrosis by impairing the autophagic flux. To this end, we established in vitro and in vivo models of type 2 diabetes mellitus with high glucose fat (HGF) medium and diet respectively. HGF induced myocardial fibrosis, and impaired cardiac diastolic and systolic function by activating the RIPK1/RIPK3 pathway, which increased the expression of autophagic related proteins such as LC3-II, P62 and active-cathepsin D. Inhibition of RIPK1 or RIPK3 alleviated HGF-induced death and fibrosis of cardiac fibroblasts by restoring the impaired autophagic flux. The autophagy blocker neutralized the effects of the RIPK1 inhibitor necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) and RIPK3 inhibitor GSK872 (GSK). RIPK1/RIPK3 inhibition respectively decreased the levels of RIPK3/p-RIPK3 and RIPK1/p-RIPK1. P62 forms a complex with RIPK1-RIPK3 and promotes the binding of RIPK1 and RIPK3, silencing of RIPK1 decreased the association of RIPK1 with P62 and the binding of P62 to LC3. Furthermore, inhibition of both kinases in combination with a low dose of Nec-1 and GSK in the HGF-treated fibroblasts significantly decreased cell death and fibrosis, and restored the autophagic flux. In the diabetic rat model, Nec-1 (1.65 mg/kg) treatment for 4 months markedly alleviated myocardial fibrosis, downregulated autophagic related proteins, and improved cardiac systolic and diastolic function. In conclusion, HGF induces myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction by activating the RIPK1-RIPK3 pathway and by impairing the autophagic flux, which is obviated by the pharmacological and genetic inhibition of RIPK1/RIPK3.

Environmental pollution management is about the sustainable development effects of enterprises and the quality of life of people. However, the frequent occurrence of various types of enterprises polluting the environment in recent years has revealed many problems, such as the lack of monitoring by relevant central agencies, the ineffective supervision by local governments, and the failure of public complaints. This paper considers the rent-seeking phenomenon of enterprises in pollution prevention and control, constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model between enterprises, local governments and central government, analyzes the evolutionary stability of each participant’s strategy choice, explores the relationship between the influence of each factor on the strategy choice of the three parties, and further analyzes the stability of the equilibrium point in the tripartite game system. The results show that there is no evolutionary equilibrium strategy in the current Chinese environmental governance system; the reward and punishment policies of the local government and central government have a guiding effect on the strategy choices of enterprises in a short period of time, but the guiding effect will gradually weaken after a period of time, and cannot completely curb the irregular strategies of enterprises; the dynamic reward scheme can effectively alleviate the fluctuation of the game system and make the strategy choices of enterprises converge to the ideal state.

Innovation is the powerful headspring that makes the economy and society continue with sustainable development, and how to innovate is a current research issue all over the world. The purposes of this research are to examine Chinese-style innovations and to analyze the influence of Chinese-style innovation on the international market in the current economic times. From multiple perspectives of institutional innovation as well as scientific and technological innovation, the content, characteristics and connotation of Chinese-style innovation are comprehensively expounded and analyzed through the collection, combination and exploration of innovation, especially in Chinese-style innovation literature and interviews with relevant scholars, experts and enterprises. Then, the fit of Chinese-style innovation and characteristics of the new economic era are systematically described. Based on the exploration of international repercussions of Chinese-style innovation from both macro and micro aspects, the mechanism of Chinese-style innovation&rsquo, s influence on China&rsquo, s international market is also analyzed. In China, the underlying concept has not been well investigated before, therefore there is a gap in which to do research in this area. In accordance with the current research, a conceptual model for the new economic era, Chinese-style innovation and China&rsquo, s international repercussions is established. This study finds that the influence of Chinese companies in research and development has significantly improved, the all-round and multi-domain pattern of Chinese enterprises&rsquo, overseas development has gradually taken shape, Chinese companies&rsquo, overseas social responsibility is growing, the overseas competitiveness of Chinese companies has gradually increased, the overall strength of China&rsquo, s science and technology has gradually gained international recognition and its international repercussions have improved significantly.

The aim of this work is to prepare a hydrophobic cathode equipped with quite a few cracks for gas transfer, which can prepare H2O2 in the course of electro-Fenton process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical digital microscope are used to characterize the morphology of electrode, and an electrochemical workstation (CHI660e) is used to carry out all electrochemical studies with a conventional three-electrode system. The results demonstrate that the porous electrode is conducive to gas transmission with these cracks which can avoid the formation of bubbles. Additionally, the reaction is almost not affected by the content of dissolved oxygen and the gas flow with this structure. Under the conditions of 300 mA/cm2 (current density), the H2O2 concentration is up to 14.4 mmol/L after 30 min electrolysis with current efficiency beyond 90%. Furthermore, the cathode is successfully applied to electro-Fenton process which reduced catalyst loading. The results indicate that total degradation of MO is observed at the first 10 min, and 81% of TOC can be removed when the dosage of catalyst is 0.4 mmol/L within 60 min.

Freeze-dried banana powder represents an ideal source of nutrients and has not yet been used for probiotic incorporation. In this study, microencapsulation by freeze drying of probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei was made using whey protein isolate (WPI), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and their combination (WPI + FOS) at ratio (1:1). Higher encapsulation yield was found for (WPI + FOS) microspheres (98%). Further, microcapsules of (WPI + FOS) were used to produce a freeze-dried banana powder which was analyzed for bacterial viability under simulated gastrointestinal fluid (SGIF), stability during storage at 4 °C and 25 °C, and chemical and sensory properties. Results revealed that (WPI + FOS) microcapsules significantly increased bacteria stability in the product over 30 days of storage at 4 °C averaging (≥ 8.57 log CFU/g) for L. acidophilus and (≥ 7.61 log CFU/g) for L. Casei as compared to free cells. Bacteria encapsulated in microspheres (WPI + FOS) were not significantly affected by the SGIF, remaining stable up to 7.05 ± 0.1 log CFU/g for L.acidophilus and 5.48 ± 0.1 log CFU/g for L.casei after 90 min of incubation at pH 2 compared to free cells which showed minimal survival. Overall, encapsulated probiotics enriched freeze-dried banana powders received good sensory scores; they can therefore serve as safe probiotics food carriers.