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A schematic of sample preparation using 3D printing, assessment of in vivo rat distal femur model with the 3D printed curcumin loaded scaffolds, and demonstration of in vitro properties including osteosarcoma inhibition and antibacterial properties.

The hot deformation behavior of medium-carbon Cr-Mo alloy, which has been developed for high strength cold-heading quality wire rod, was investigated to evaluate its hot workability. A flow curve was derived using the hot torsion test, under conditions with temperatures of 1173-1273 K and strain rates of 0.1-1.0 s-1. At lower deformation temperature and higher strain rate, the overall stress of the flow curve increased, and the flow curve showed a three-stage variation related to the offset of dynamic recrystallization and dynamic recovery. First, as the strain increased, the stress also increased due to work hardening, and reached peak stress. After that, the stress decreased due to softening of the dynamic recrystallization. And when the effect of the dynamic recrystallization and the dynamic recovery reached equilibrium, the stress became steady state. In this paper, the constitutive equation of the peak stress was established using a form of a hyperbolic sine function, and here the thermal activation energy for deformation of the specimen was 244.90 kJ/mol. The peak stresses calculated from the constitutive equation were in good agreement with the experimental results. The dynamic-recrystallized grains were observed using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). It showed that the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization increased as the strain increased under hot deformation. Based on the Avrami kinetic equation, a dynamic recrystallization kinetic model was established. The volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization was predicted from the kinetic model, and can be applied at arbitrary deformation temperatures and strain rates.

Preparation process of the EGCG-loaded 3D printed scaffold and its in vitro biological evaluation for low-load bearing patient-specific bone implants.

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies print three-dimensional (3D) parts through layer-by-layer deposition based on the digital input provided by a computer-aided design file. This article focuses on the binder jet printing process, common biomaterials used in this AM technique, and the clinical applications relevant to these systems. It reviews the challenges and future directions of binder-jetting-based 3D printing.

An investigation of microstructure changes in a new, in situ-fabricated, three-dimensionally interconnected graphene-networked Cu composite was performed in relation to the heat treatment temperature in H2 and in air. Heat-treated in H2 revealed that recrystallization commenced at ~ 300 ℃ and the crystal grew afterward. However, the crystal growth was constrained within the initial Cu grains and inhibited due to Cu grains being wrapped by the stable graphene, even at 1000 ℃. This resulted in similar or narrower grain-size distribution. Meanwhile heat treatment in air resulted in the oxidation of carbon, instability of graphene, and crystal growth over the grain boundaries, which resulted in a wider grain-size distribution. Increases in tensile and plastic deformation (30% and 144%, respectively) were observed due to the grain size refinement and the strong interfacial bonds between graphene and the Cu matrix. The result was greater load bearing and toleration of a substantial load during plastic deformation.