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In the existing soybean breeding and planting machinery, the power source of the metering device adopts the ground wheel transmission method mostly. However, this power transmission method is likely to cause slippage during the planting operation, which will cause problems such as the increase of the missed seeding index and the increase of the coefficient of plant spacing. It is not conducive for scientific researchers to carry out breeding operations. Aiming at this problem, an electronically controlled soybean seeding system is designed, and the power of the seed metering device is derived from the motor. In order to improve the control accuracy of the electronically controlled seeding system, the precise control of the soybean seeding rate is finally realized. The electric drive soybean seeding system adopts closed-loop control, the motor model of the electric drive seeding system is established, and the transfer function of the motor is obtained. PID control based on a genetic algorithm is adopted, and the corresponding parameters are substituted into the control system simulation model established in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Field verification tests have been carried out on the conventional fuzzy PID control system and the electric drive soybean planter of the fuzzy PID control system based on a genetic algorithm. The result showed that the average of the repeat-seeding parameter is 1.30% better than the average of conventional seeding system (1.40%), the average of the miss-seeding parameter is 1.08% better than the average of conventional seeding system (2.09%) and the average of row-spacing variation parameter is 2.79% better than the average of conventional seeding system (2.34%). In conclusion, the new seeding system is robust obviously. Field trial results show that seeding with Genetic Algorithm Fuzzy control is better.

The quality of the sand core directly affects the quality of the casting during the casting process. The establishment of an information link between the sand core and the casting can realize the traceability of sand core production and process data in the casting production. The technology can be used when casting defects related to the sand core occur and quickly respond to the causes and optimize the manufacturing process of the sand core making process. This article describes the necessity of establishing a traceability process for sand core making information and introduces a traceability process of sand core information in casting production to ensure that each sand core has its own production process information, which is for product quality management and process optimization. It provides information supervision and promotes the development of intelligent casting manufacturing technology and management technology.

Present study proposed a sorption and desorption approach of aqueous mercury ion (Hg2+) on sulfur impregnated attapulgite (ATPS) adsorbent. Morphological characterization of natural and impregnated ATP confirmed the mesoporous nature of ATPS-adsorbents. The presence of various types of functional groups on the surface of ATPS was confirmed by using the zeta-potential measurement, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and FT-IR analysis. Batch adsorption tests were carried out to detect the optimum condition of temperature for sulfur impregnation, and the results illustrated that the best adsorbent (ATPS-500) produced via the impregnation at 500 °C, with the highest equilibrium uptake of Hg2+ at initial pH 7. Different parameters like solution pHo, initial concentration of mercury (Co), temperature (T), contact time (t) and the effect of co-existing ions were optimized. Optimum pH and equilibrium contact time at the optimum dose of adsorbent (m) = 0.02 g in 50 mL and Co = 2.0 mg L − 1 were found to be pH~5 and 24 h at T = 313 K for ATPS-500.The best representation of adsorption kinetic was followed by the pseudo-first order kinetic model. The adsorption of Hg2+ions onto ATPS-500 was found to be endothermic. The heat of adsorption and changes in the entropy of Hg2+ions sorption on ATPS-500 were determined as 10.35 kJ mol−1 and 0.16 kJ mol−1 K − 1, respectively. Thermal regeneration represented that ATPS-500 was used for five desorption–sorption cycles with excellent efficiency of Hg2+ in each cycle.

A new electronic seeding device was designed for large-sized seeds, such as soybean, corn, and peanuts, that supports an independent electronic-controlled seeding process. The developed seeding dev...

It is well known that xylem embolism can be repaired by bark water uptake and that the sugar required for embolism refilling can be provided by corticular photosynthesis. However, the relationship between corticular photosynthesis and embolism repair by bark water uptake is still poorly understood. In this study, the role of corticular photosynthesis in embolism repair was assessed using Salix matsudana branch segments dehydrated to -1.9 MPa (P50 , water potential at 50% loss of conductivity). The results indicated that corticular photosynthesis significantly promoted water uptake and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) accumulation in the bark and xylem during soaking, thereby effectively enhancing the refilling of the embolized vessels and the recovery of hydraulic conductivity. Furthermore, the influence of the extent of dehydration on the embolism refilling enhanced by corticular photosynthesis was investigated. The enhanced refilling effects were much higher in the mildly dehydrated (-1.5 MPa) and moderately dehydrated (-1.9 MPa) branch segments than in the severely dehydrated (-2.2 MPa) branch segments. This study provides evidence that corticular photosynthesis plays a crucial role in xylem embolism repair by bark water uptake for mildly and moderately dehydrated branches.

Wheat constitutes a significant adjunct ingredient for beer brewing in China, but is prone to be contaminated with Deoxynivalenol (DON). To evaluate the development of DON and its producing-Fusariums in the malting, thirteen Chinese winter wheat samples of natural DON levels under the national standard limit (1000 μg/kg) were selected to malt in lab-scale. DON levels increased in the malting for all samples by 282% on average, and exceeded of 1000 μg/kg in 7 malts. Fate of DON and Fusariums in the malting was monitored for three samples with the relatively large increase of DON levels. Around 95% of initial wheat DON was washed away by steeping, but the DON level rose up to 7-fold in the following germination, which was caused by the growth of Fusariums with tri5 DNA level increasing by 28-fold averagely. Fifty-one percent of tri5 DNA in the germinated wheat was terminally denatured by high temperature in the kilning stage, but DON survived. About 26% of DON was get rid by de-rooting. The result highlighted the risk of DON increase in the malting of Fusarium Height Blight wheat.

This paper presents a ditch device which is suitable for being used in rainy area. It can effectively reduce field work frequency by installing such device on a seeder. Through conducting ANSYS-based modal analysis for such ditch device, we obtained the natural vibration frequency and response effect of the ditch device (during field working, the vibration frequency of the ditch device was 8-9HZ). The natural frequency of ditch device completely avoided the machine vibration frequency in seeding period, and thus avoided poor working conditions caused by resonance. Harmonic response analysis was also performed on the basis of modal analysis. Results showed that the ditch device was subjected to very small stress and deformation displacement when the machine was in vibration condition, which will not affect the strength and stability of ditch device.

To improve the operating efficiency of seeders and enable the seeder-metering device to keep good metering performance at different operating speeds of seeders, in this paper a multifunctional smart test bench for STB-700 seeder-metering devices and a 2BJYM-5 maize-soybean interplanting precision seeder, were used for metering and seeding tests with two different kinds of soybean and maize seeds. Research results showed that, the rotating speed of the seeder-metering device at different operating speeds of maize-soybean interplanting precision seeders had influence on the metering performance of the seeder-metering device. Then the influence trend was explored. With the function fminbnd in MATLAB, the minimum point of acceptable re-seeding rate was determined to be at 43.05 r/min, the minimum point of miss-seeding rate at 39.96 r/min and the minimum point of interplanting distance variation coefficient at 40.25 r/min. Therefore, the optimal operating speed range of the seeder-metering device when being installed in the seeder was identified, further determining spoon-shaped metering devices and adjustable cell-wheel metering devices not suitable for seeding at high speeds.

As bearing foundations of autos, the frame bears various forces and torques transmitted from engine, clutch, body, and cargo container. Analysis of natural vibration frequency and dynamic mode of the frame is an important process to ensure operating capabilities of autos. It is hard to yield accurate analysis results with traditional methods. However, the FEA software ABAQUS can provide accurate frame stress distributions, frame deflection laws at its two ends and the middle point, and transient frame dynamics. Most of previous finite element analysis only focused on frame mass and model optimization analysis, lacking of vibration and mode analysis. In this paper the large-scale software ABAQUS was used to analyze the natural vibration frequency and dynamic mode of the frame of SX360 dump trucks, providing necessary theoretic basis for optimal design of the frame.

Accurate modeling and parameter extraction of solar cells play an important role in the simulation and optimization of PV systems. This paper presents a Lambert W -function based exact representation (LBER) for traditional double diode model (DDM) of solar cells, and then compares their fitness and parameter extraction performance. Unlike existing works, the proposed LBER is rigorously derived from DDM, and in LBER the coefficients of Lambert W -function are not extra parameters to be extracted or arbitrary scalars but the vectors of terminal voltage and current of solar cells. The fitness difference between LBER and DDM is objectively validated by the reported parameter values and experimental I – V data of a solar cell and four solar modules from different technologies. The comparison results indicate that under the same parameter values, the proposed LBER can better represent the I – V and P – V characteristics of solar cells and provide a closer representation to actual maximum power points of all module types. Two different algorithms are used to compare the parameter extraction performance of LBER and DDM. One is our restart-based bound constrained Nelder-Mead (rbcNM) algorithm implemented in Matlab, and the other is the reported R cr -IJADE algorithm executed in Visual Studio. The comparison results reveal that, the parameter values extracted from LBER using two algorithms are always more accurate and robust than those from DDM despite more time consuming. As an improved version of DDM, the proposed LBER is quite promising for PV simulation and thus deserves serious attention.

Precision cylindrical surfaces have attracted considerable attention and interest, due to the continual pursuit of perfect quality and high-performance products. Especially in bearing industry, high-performance bearing often requires specific cylindrical surface properties such as high hardness, wear resistance, high strength, and toughness, because it is normally used in poor working environment. Besides, it is usually finished to a mirror-like surface for higher chemical stability. Most of enterprises adopt bearing steel to manufacture bearing components. However, the bearing steel is known to be difficult to finish a mirror-like surface in conventional grinding, owing to its high hardness. Electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) grinding has been proven as an effective grinding process especially for hard and brittle materials. In this paper, ELID grinding technique was used to obtain a better surface and accuracy on bearing steel. A series of experiments were done to study a law of craft parameters’ influence on the internal cylindrical surface quality with ELID grinding. The experimental results show that ELID grinding method can realize a stable grinding process to produce internal cylindrical grinding surface of bearing steel. The optimization of process parameters with respect to ground surface roughness is analyzed by design of experiments.

As a controversial strategy to mitigate global warming, biochar application into soil highlights the need for life cycle assessment before large-scale practice. This study focused on the effect of biochar on carbon footprint of rice production. A field experiment was performed with three treatments: no residue amendment (Control), 6 th a � 1 yr � 1 corn straw (CS) amendment, and 2.4 t ha � 1 yr � 1 corn straw-derived biochar amendment (CBC). Carbon footprint was calculated by considering carbon source processes (pyrolysis energy cost, fertilizer and pesticide input, farmwork, and soil greenhouse gas emissions) and carbon sink processes (soil carbon increment and energy offset from pyrolytic gas). On average over three consecutive rice-growing cycles from year 2011 to 2013, the CS treatment had a much higher carbon intensity of rice (0.68 kg CO2-C equivalent (CO2-Ce )k g � 1 grain) than that of Control (0.24 kg CO2-Ce kg � 1 grain), resulting from large soil CH4 emissions. Biochar amendment significantly increased soil carbon pool and showed no significant effect on soil total N2O and CH4 emissions relative to Control; however, due to a variation in net electric energy input of biochar production based on different pyrolysis settings, carbon intensity of rice under CBC treatment ranged from 0.04 to 0.44 kg CO2-Ce kg � 1 grain. The results indicated that biochar strategy had the potential to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of crop production, but the energy-efficient pyrolysis technique does matter.

Wang, X. and Yu, Y., 2018. Effects of equal channel angular extrusion assisted by ultrasonic and subsequent heat treatment on tribological properties of 65Mn for marine vessels. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 350–355. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The friction and wear properties of 65Mn processed by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) assisted by ultrasonic and subsequent heat treatment processing under dry sliding condition were evaluated on a block on ring MM-2000 tribometer. The effects of ECAE assisted by ultrasonic and heat treatment on the tribological properties of 65Mn were investigated. The worn surface morphologies of 65Mn were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the wear mechanisms were discussed. The results showed that ECAE assisted by ultrasonic and heat treatment contributed to improve the friction and wear behaviours of 65Mn remarkably. The friction coefficient and wear loss of 65Mn decreased after ECAE assisted by ultrasonic and heat treatment. The maximum wear reduction was obtained when the heat treatment temperature after ECAE was 774 K. Adhesion wear and delamination were notable for the initial 65Mn. The material delamination was greatly abated when the heat treatment temperature of 65Mn processed by ECAE was 774 K.

Wang, X. and Yu, Y., 2018. Experimental investigation on GCr15 Steel for marine vessels treated by ultrasonic assisted equal channel angular extrusion. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 548–551. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. ECAE deformation refines grain via large shear deformation. Ultrasonic assisted plastic deformation can reduce flow stress of the material and reduce the friction coefficient, etc. In this paper, ultrasonic is applied to the ECAE deformation process, and impact of ultrasonic assisted ECAE forming process on microstructure and mechanical properties of GCr15 steel for marine vessels is studied. The results show that: With ultrasonic assisted ECAE process, ultrafine-grained material can be obtained, compared with the case without ultrasonic vibration extrusion, for GCr15 steel for marine vessels microstructure, average grain size of cementite is 10μm; the sample u...

A low-noise multi-band transmitter for GSM quad-band and WCDMA is presented. Programmable parameters of the analog baseband and the RF frontend enable adaption for different protocols and frequency bands. A three-step carrier leakage calibration algorithm is proposed to suppress the leakage to -65 dBm at highest RF gain. Novel linearization methods are used in the low-pass filter and the driver power amplifier to meet the demand of 3G systems. The noise floor achieves -157 dBc/Hz at 190 MHz frequency offset in WCDMA band, which eliminates the need for external SAW filter.

Paddy fields are one of the largest anthropogenic sources of global CH 4 emission. A decrease in paddy CH 4 emission can contribute significantly towards the control of global warming. Recent studies have demonstrated that the application of biochar in paddy soils has such a capability, but its underlying mechanism has yet to be elucidated. In this investigation, we studied CH 4 emission, methanogenic archaeal, as well as methanotrophic proteobacterial communities, from microcosms derived from two paddy soils, Inceptisol and Ultisol. Both soils were amended with biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures (300 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C) at field condition. The soil CH 4 flux was monitored across whole rice season in 2010; the functional guilds communities were analyzed by PCR–DGGE and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). It is found that paddy CH 4 emissions significantly decreased under biochar amendments, which, interestingly, didn't result from the inhibition of methanogenic archaeal growth. qPCR further revealed that biochar amendments (1) increased methanotrophic proteobacterial abundances significantly, and (2) decreased the ratios of methanogenic to methanotrophic abundances greatly. These results shed insight on the underlying mechanism of how biochar decreases paddy CH 4 emission. This knowledge can be applied to develop a more effective greenhouse gas mitigation process for paddy fields.

The objective of this study was to illustrate the photosynthetic characteristics of current twigs of Salix matsudana Koidz., and clarify the effect of stem photosynthesis on the new organ development in cutting seedlings. Excised twigs were taken as the experimental samples. The response of the stem photosynthesis rate to increasing light intensity and the effective photochemical efficiency of the cross section of the twig were determined. Then, twigs were used as cuttings and exposed to 0, 20, and 100 μmol m−2 s−1 light intensities, respectively, to achieve distinctive stem photosynthetic rates. After 14 days of treatment, stem water and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) content, as well as the biomass and carbon isotopic composition, of new organs in the cutting seedlings under different light treatments were examined. The results showed that the gross photosynthetic rate significantly increased within 400 μmol m−2 s−1 of light intensity, and the maximum rate was approximately 1.27 μmol m−2 s−1. The effective photochemical efficiency of the PSⅡ of the cortex was significantly higher than the inner tissues in the cross section of the twig. When twig cuttings were exposed to different light intensities, stem water and starch content, as well as bud and root biomass, were significantly higher in the cutting seedling subjected to 100 μmol m−2 s−1 than the case treated in darkness; however, the bud δ13C trend was the opposite. Stem photosynthesis played a positive role in the maintenance of stem water and starch supply for the cutting seedlings, and 13C depleted assimilates produced by stem photosynthesis contributed to bud biomass, revealing that stem photosynthesis promotes organ development in cutting seedlings of Salix matsudana.

Biosorption has been shown to be an eco-friendly approach to remove heavy metal ions. In this study, the photosynthetic bacteria Rhodobacter capsulatus was screened and found to have strong ability to adsorb Au(III). The maximum specific uptake of living cells was over 92.43 mg HAuCl(4)/g dry weight of cell in the logarithmic phase. Biosorpion ability would be enhanced by an acidic environment. As the main cations, during biosorption the quantity of Mg(2+) exchanged was more than Na(+). Biosorbed Au(III) could be reduced by carotenoid and enzymes embedded and/or excreted by R. capsulatus, which might be the mechanism of photosynthtic bacteria metal tolerance.

To collect information about the genetic diversity of the plankton community and to study how plankton respond to environmental conditions, plankton samples were collected from five stations representing different trophic levels in a shallow, eutrophic lake (Lake Donghu), and investigated by PCR-DGGE fingerprinting. A total of 100 bands (61 of 16S rDNA bands and 39 of 18S rDNA bands) were detected. The DGGE bands unique to any single station accounted for 38% of the total bands, whereas common bands detected at all five stations accounted for only 11%. Using UPGMA clustering and MDS ordination of DGGE fingerprints, stations I and II were found to initially group together into one cluster, which was later joined by station V. Stations III and IV were isolated into two separate groups of one station each. Some differences in grouping relationships were found when analysis was completed on the basis of chemical characteristics and morphological composition, with zooplankton composition showing the greatest variability. However, the most similar stations (I and II) were always initially grouped into one cluster. Moreover, stations that exhibited the same or similar trophic level (stations III and IV), but different concentrations of heavy metals, were further differentiated by the DGGE method. Results of the present study indicated that PCR-DGGE fingerprinting was more sensitive than the traditional methods, as other studies suggested. Additionally, PCR-DGGE appears to be more appropriate for diversity characterization of the plankton community, as it is more canonical, systematic, and effective. Most importantly, fingerprinting results are more convenient for the comparative analyses between different studies. Therefore, the use of the described fingerprinting analysis may provide an operable and sensitive biomonitoring approach to identify critical, and potentially negative, stress within an aquatic ecosystem.

Through the understanding of China's Henan province Chinese yam way of harvest, as well as to the yam harvest machinery manufacturers of visit investigation, in view of the tuber's long 80-100cm trenching chain of Chinese yam harvester, optimized design of the reducer. First tractor for the selection, determine the speed of the output shaft, and calculate the ratio of active chain wheel rotation speed to determine the level of gear reducer, and then determine the parameters such as modulus, tooth number of gear, finally according to the mechanical design and processing requirements to design the gear shaft, a driven gear, the best work parameters of the reducer, greatly improve the production efficiency.

The current knowledge regarding the effect of global climate change on rice-paddy methane (CH4) emissions is incomplete, partly because information is limited concerning the mechanism of the microbial response to elevated ground-level ozone (O3). A field experiment was conducted in the China Ozone Free-Air Concentration Enrichment facility in a rice–wheat rotation system to investigate the responses of methanogenic archaeal communities to elevated ground-level O3 by culture-independent and -reliant approaches. We found that elevated ground-level O3 inhibited methanogenic activity and influenced the composition of paddy methanogenic communities, reducing the abundance and diversity of paddy methanogens by adversely affecting dominant groups, such as aceticlastic Methanosaeta, especially at the rice tillering stage. Our results indicated that continuously elevated ground-level O3 would negatively influence paddy methanogenic archaeal communities and its critical ecological function. These findings will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the responses and feedbacks of paddy ecosystems to global climate change.

Due to the environmental degradation and depletion of conventional energy, much attention has been devoted to wind energy in many countries. The intermittent nature of wind power has had a great impact on power grid security. Accurate forecasting of wind speed plays a vital role in power system stability. This paper presents a comparison of three wavelet neural networks for short-term forecasting of wind speed. The first two combined models are two types of basic combinations of wavelet transform and neural network, namely, compact wavelet neural network (CWNN) and loose wavelet neural network (LWNN) in this study, and the third model is a new hybrid method based on the CWNN and LWNN models. The efficiency of the combined models has been evaluated by using actual wind speed from two test stations in North China. The results show that the forecasting performances of the CWNN and LWNN models are unstable and are affected by the test stations selected; the third model is far more accurate than the other forecasting models in spite of the drawback of lower computational efficiency.

A low-noise triple band transmitter for GSM triple-band and WCDMA is presented. By programming parameters, analog baseband and RF frontend can handle signals of different protocols and frequency bands. Novel linearization method is used in LPF and driver amplifier to meet the demand of 3G systems. Noise optimization is also adopted so that our transmitter achieves −157 dBc/Hz noise at 190 MHz frequency offset in WCDMA band, which eliminates external SAW filter.

To solve the reliability of wind power at the small wind farm and increase forecasting accuracy of wind speed, this paper proposed a hybrid model for forecasting wind speed based on the combination of wavelet transformation and the neural network. The proposed hybrid model to forecast wind speed is a combination of loose and compact wavelet neural networks. By using this model, wind speed signal is decomposed with wavelet transform, and reconstructed to get each scale's sub-series. Then the sub-series are predicted by compact wavelet neural network, respectively. Compared with other models, the proposed method improves wind speed forecasting accuracy.

The knowledge of the impact of elevated ground-level O(3) below ground the agro-ecosystem is limited. A field experiment in China Ozone Free-Air Concentration Enrichment (FACE-O(3)) facility on a rice-wheat rotation system was carried out to investigate responses of anoxygenic phototrophic purple bacteria (AnPPB) to elevated ground-level O(3). AnPPB community structures and sizes in paddy soil were monitored by molecular approaches including PCR-DGGE and real-time quantitative PCR based upon the pufM gene on three typical rice growth stages. Repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) in combination with culture-reliant method was conducted to reveal changes in genotypic diversity. Elevated ground-level O(3) statistically reduce AnPPB abundance and percentage in total bacterial community in flooded rice soil via decreasing their genotypic diversity and metabolic versatility. Concomitantly, their community composition changed after rice anthesis stage under elevated ground-level O(3). Our results from AnPPB potential responses imply that continuously elevated ground-level O(3) in the future would eventually harm the health of paddy ecosystem through negative effect on soil microorganisms.

Nodes in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are energy-constrained and have limited bandwidth. PEGASIS (Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems) presented in [1] is an excellent solution on energy efficiency where each node communicates only with a close neighbor and takes turns transmitting to the BS (Base Station). In this paper, we propose EECB (Energy-Efficient Chain-Based routing protocol) that is an improvement over PEGASIS. EECB uses distances between nodes and the BS and remaining energy levels of nodes to decide which node will be the leader that takes charge of transmitting data to the BS. Also, EECB adopts distance threshold to avoid formation of LL (Long Link) on the chain. Our analysis and simulation results show that EECB outperforms PEGASIS in the lifetime of WSN.

Energy efficiency is a key design issue that needs to be enhanced in the wireless sensor network (WSN) to improve the lifetime of the entire network. Cluster-based and chain-based protocols reduce the total energy consumption via data aggregation, and balance energy consumption via cluster-head (CH) or leader rotation. However, most existing protocols focus on the load balance within each cluster. The energy consumption of the entire network is still unbalanced. In this paper, we propose a novel load balance and energy efficient routing algorithm (LBEERA) for efficient data gathering in WSN. LBEERA is centralized controlled by the base station (BS) and utilizes the structure of layered chain. Furthermore, an improved PEGASIS chain construction algorithm is presented for LBEERA. Our analysis and simulation results show that LBEERA achieves better load balance than several existing protocols, increases network lifetime and reduces the packet delivering delay.

In this paper, we propose a novel energy aware routing algorithm for target region monitoring in wireless sensor network. In our algorithm, a gathering node is chosen within target region based on energy metric and hops to sink to gather and aggregate data. Multiple paths are found between gathering node and sink, and each path is assigned a probability of being chosen, depending on the energy metric and communication cost. Our routing algorithm uses sub-optimal paths occasionally besides the minimum energy path from the gathering node to sink. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm saves energy consumption, decreases transmission delay compared with current schemes like directed diffusion algorithm.

This paper describes a technique that inspects the dust emission volume by scattering-light energy characteristic of the dust particles. The scattering-light energy characteristic information, including total energy, peek value energy and the positions of peek value energy, are extracted from the scattering light received by a two-dimension cuneal image sensor. A common inspecting principle of dust emission volume and the two-dimension cuneal image sensor that realizes the measurement of scattering-light energy are discussed. According to the characteristic that the real part of refractive index influences less on the normalized distribution of scattering light the angle smaller than 30°, the center of a two-dimension cuneal image sensor is placed at the optical axis of focal plane of Fourier lens and is capable of receiving scattering light energy within forward angle 2.8°. Experiments were made with a simulating dust emitting experimental instrument and obtained scattering light energy characteristic information for dust emission volume 50mg, 100mg, 150mg, 200mg, 300mg, 400mg, 500mg and 600mg. We point out that dust emission volume can be inspected by scattering-light energy characteristic, and suggest that it is necessary to establish a database that shows the relationship between dust emission volume and scattering-light energy and to measure the size distribution of dust particles.

The measurement of the dust emitting quantity is one of the important target in the environment monitoring of polluted sources. The design problem of measurement instrument for dust emitting quantity by light scattering principle are discussed in this paper. We have been investigated size distribution of dust particle emitting from thermal power plants. Light energy contribution of dust particle is studied by simulative experimental equipment. And we used a Self Scanning Photodiode Array (SSPA) in multi-ring cuneal to detect and transform the scattering energy and studied the influence of the size distribution of dust on scattering energy at small angle. We think that when design an instrument for dust emitting quantity by light scattering principle, we must consider that the size distribution of dust has influence on the light energy contribution and side scattering caused by small particles has influence on forward received single.