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A study fabricated multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) emitters by the metal intermediation process. The process is performed by hot-pressed bonding of a metal layer to a MWNT film surface, where the metal layer is deposited on a main substrate.

The color tuning behavior and switching stability of an electrically tunable colloidal photonic crystal system were studied with particular focus on the electrochemical aspects. Photonic color tuning of the colloidal arrays composed of monodisperse particles dispersed in water was achieved using external electric field through lattice constant manipulation. However, the number of effective color tuning cycle was limited due to generation of unwanted ions by electrolysis of the water medium during electrical switching. By introducing larger electrochemical potential window electrodes, such as conductive diamond-like carbon or boron-doped diamond, the switching stability was appreciably enhanced through reducing the number of ions generated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]