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In the context of transplantation with the use of immunosuppressive drugs, BK virus infection has become the main cause of BK virus nephropathy(BKVN) in renal transplant recipients(KTRs). More importantly, BKVN may cause further allograft dysfunction and loss. However, the role of the immune microenvironment in the pathogenesis of BKVN remains unknown. Therefore, we collected microarray data of KTRs to elucidate the immune characteristics of BKVN. Via the CIBERSORT, we found that BKVN had relatively more activated memory CD4 T cells. Immunostaining showed that CD4+ and CD8+cells were significantly different between BKVN and stable allografts(STAs). In addition, the expression of immune-related genes(antigen presentation, cytotoxicity, and inflammation) was significantly higher in BKVN than in STAs. The results of gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA) and single-sample GSEA(ssGSEA) indicated that immune cell-,cytokine-,chemokine-, and inflammation-related pathways were significantly activated in BKVN, while metabolism- and renal development-related pathways were significantly downregulated in BKVN. In addition, the immune microenvironments of the peripheral blood in patients with BK viremia(BKV) or transplant kidney biopsy(TKB) with BKVN may be different. Overall, the immune microenvironment may play important roles in the occurrence and development of BKVN and provide a theoretical basis for preventing the occurrence of BKVN and finding novel treatments.

Rationale: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has provided an unbiased assessment of specific profiling of cell populations at the single-cell level. Conventional renal biopsy and bulk RNA-seq only average out the underlying differences, while the extent of chronic kidney transplant rejection (CKTR) and how it is shaped by cells and states in the kidney remain poorly characterized. Here, we analyzed cells from CKTR and matched healthy adult kidneys at single-cell resolution. Methods: High-quality transcriptomes were generated from three healthy human kidneys and two CKTR biopsies. Unsupervised clustering analysis of biopsy specimens was performed to identify fifteen distinct cell types, including major immune cells, renal cells and a few types of stromal cells. Single-sample gene set enrichment (ssGSEA) algorithm was utilized to explore functional differences between cell subpopulations and between CKTR and normal cells. Results: Natural killer T (NKT) cells formed five subclasses, representing CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and natural killer cells (NKs). Memory B cells were classified into two subtypes, representing reverse immune activation. Monocytes formed a classic CD14+ group and a nonclassical CD16+ group. We identified a novel subpopulation [myofibroblasts (MyoF)] in fibroblasts, which express collagen and extracellular matrix components. The CKTR group was characterized by increased numbers of immune cells and MyoF, leading to increased renal rejection and fibrosis. Conclusions: By assessing functional differences of subtype at single-cell resolution, we discovered different subtypes that correlated with distinct functions in CKTR. This resource provides deeper insights into CKTR biology that will be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of CKTR.

Background There are still disputes regarding the choice of surgical approach to harvest organs from pediatric donors for organ recipients. The primary goal of this multicenter, retrospective analysis was to compare outcomes between single-kidney transplantation (SKT) and en bloc kidney transplantation (EBKT). Methods Data from donors and recipients aged 4 to 18 months from 3 transplant centers over 5 year were collected to compare postoperative complications and recoveries of renal function between SKT and EBKT and to determine whether there is a difference in the 1-year patient and kidney survival rate between the 2 groups. Results Between the SKT and EBKT groups, the incidence of delayed graft function was significantly higher in the SKT group than in the EBKT group (44.1% vs 17.3%, P = .03), and there were no significant differences in other complications (47.0% vs 59.0%, P = .36). Moreover, no significant differences were observed for the overall patient survival rate (P = .08) or the overall graft survival rate (P = .71). Conclusions The short-term effects of SKT make it worthy of consideration. For infants aged 4 to 18 months, SKT can provide good results, alleviating the current tense situation in kidney donation.

Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising treatment option for acute kidney injury (AKI). The main drawbacks of MSCs therapy, including the lack of specific homing after systemic infusion and early cell death in the inflammatory microenvironment, directly affect the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs. Erythropoietin (EPO)-preconditioning of MSCs promotes their therapeutic effect, however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we sought to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of EPO in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for AKI treatment. Results We found that incubation of BMSCs with ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)-induced AKI kidney homogenate supernatant (KHS) caused apoptosis in BMSCs, which was decreased by EPO pretreatment, indicating that EPO protected the cells from apoptosis. Further, we showed that EPO up-regulated silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and Bcl-2 expression and down-regulated p53 expression. This effect was partially reversed by SIRT1 siRNA intervention. The anti-apoptotic effect of EPO in pretreated BMSCs may be mediated through the SIRT1 pathway. In a rat AKI model, 24 h after intravenous infusion, GFP-BMSCs were predominantly located in the lungs. However, EPO pretreatment reduced the lung entrapment of BMSCs and increased their distribution in the target organs. AKI rats infused with EPO-BMSCs had significantly lower levels of serum IL-1β and TNF-α, and a significantly higher level of IL-10 as compared to rats infused with untreated BMSCs. The administration of EPO-BMSCs after reperfusion reduced serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and pathological scores in I/R-AKI rats more effectively than BMSCs treatment did. Conclusions Our data suggest that EPO pretreatment enhances the efficacy of BMSCs to improve the renal function and pathological presentation of I/R-AKI rats.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising treatment option for acute kidney injury (AKI). The main drawbacks of MSCs therapy, including the lack of specific homing after systemic infusion and early cell death in the inflammatory microenvironment, directly affect the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs. Erythropoietin (EPO)-preconditioning of MSCs promotes their therapeutic effect; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we sought to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of EPO in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for AKI treatment.Results: We found that incubation of BMSCs with ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)-induced AKI kidney homogenate supernatant (KHS) caused apoptosis in BMSCs, which was decreased by EPO pretreatment, indicating that EPO protected the cells from apoptosis. Further, we showed that EPO up-regulated SIRT1 and Bcl-2 expression and down-regulated p53 expression. This effect was partially reversed by SIRT1 siRNA intervention. The anti-apoptotic effect of EPO in pretreated BMSCs may be mediated through the SIRT1 pathway. In a rat AKI model, 24 h after intravenous infusion, GFP-BMSCs were predominantly located in the lungs. However, EPO pretreatment reduced the lung entrapment of BMSCs and increased their distribution in the target organs. AKI rats infused with EPO-BMSCs had significantly lower levels of serum IL-1β and TNF-α, and a significantly higher level of IL-10 as compared to rats infused with untreated BMSCs. The administration of EPO-BMSCs after reperfusion reduced serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and pathological scores in I/R-AKI rats more effectively than BMSCs treatment did.Conclusions: Our data suggest that EPO pretreatment enhances the efficacy of BMSCs to improve the renal function and pathological presentation of I/R-AKI rats.

Background Nonlinear optical microscopic (NLOM) imaging technique shows its high resolution imaging features in histocytology. The purpose of this study was to investigate NLOM imaging technique as a useful tool for a donor kidney quality assessment. Materials and Methods Eighty-three pretransplant kidney biopsies from adult donors were analyzed retrospectively. Each specimen was paraffin-embedded and sectioned into 2 consecutive 5-μm thick sections. One section was stained with Masson trichrome, and the other was left unstained for NLOM imaging using second harmonic generation combined with two-photon excited fluorescence (SHG/TPEF). The pretransplant kidney quality was assessed by an experienced pathologist using the Remuzzi scoring system, which characterizes renal tissue morphology into 4 aspects: tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, and vascular injury. The K coefficient was used to measure the consistency of the Remuzzi scores between conventional Masson trichrome stained images and SHG/TPEF images. Results NLOM imaging technology can capture high-resolution tissue images from unstained renal tissue, is easy to operate, and shortens time-consuming histological processing procedures. No significant differences (P > .05) were found between the Remuzzi scores of the SHG/TPEF images and the Masson trichrome stained images. The high κ coefficients (0.804–0.895) showed a good consistency between these 2 techniques. Conclusion The NLOM technique is suitable for renal tissue imaging and could potentially be used for routine pretransplant kidney evaluation in clinical settings.

An increasing number of experiments and clinical trials have demonstrated the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapies for the treatment of various diseases. The main drawbacks of MSC therapy are the lack of specific homing after systemic infusion and early death of injected cells because of the injury micro-environment. We pretreated bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with erythropoietin (EPO) to investigate their positive effect on cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephrotoxicity. BMSCs were incubated with different concentrations of EPO (10, 100, 500, and 1000 IU/mL) for 24 and 48 h, and their proliferation rate, cytoskeletal morphology, migration ability, and the expression of CXCR4 were evaluated to determine the optimal pretreatment conditions. To investigate the therapeutic effects of BMSCs pretreated with EPO in CsA-induced nephrotoxicity, we established CsA-induced in vitro and in vivo toxicity models. In our in vitro study, preconditioning of BMSCs with 500 IU/mL EPO for 48 h induced a marked increase in their proliferation rate, cytoskeletal rearrangement, migration in the scrape-healing assay, and migration toward injured HK2 cells. In vivo, EPO-BMSCs showed higher ability to improve renal function than BMSCs, and in CsA-induced rats treated with EPO-BMSCs, interstitial lymphocyte infiltration, tubular swelling, necrosis, and interstitial fibrosis decreased. We demonstrated that pretreatment with 500 IU/mL EPO before infusion markedly increased the homing ability of BMSCs, and obviously ameliorate CsA-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

A new coordination polymer formulated as [Zn(L)(1,3-BDC)] (L = 1,3-bis-(benzimidazole-1-ylmethylene)-benzene, 1,3-H2BDC = isophthalic acid) is hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, a = 10.179(3) A, b = 10.510(3) A, c = 23.217(6) A, α = 90, β = 91.983(3), γ = 90°, V = 2482.4(11) A3, Z = 4, C30H22N4O4Zn, Mr = 567.91, Dc = 1.520 g/cm3, μ = 1.036 mm–1. The complex exhibits a 2D (4,4) network with the point symbol {44,62} and further extended into a 3D supramolecular framework through π⋯π stacking interactions between two well-overlapping benzimidazolyl rings of the neighboring L ligands. Furthermore, the thermal stability and fluorescence properties of the complex are investigated.

Background Chronic allograft rejection remains as the leading cause of the chronic renal grafts loss post-transplantation. No therapy has been found really effective to prevent and treat chronic allograft rejection. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have characteristics of immunomodulation and are expected to be used for inducing graft immune tolerance in organ transplantation. We investigated the efficacy and safety of early infusion of donor-derived marrow MSCs in a rat model of chronic renal allograft rejection. Methods Orthotopic kidney transplantations were performed in a rat strain combination of Sprague-Dawley (SD) → Wistar. The native right kidneys of recipient rats were kept intact as internal control of each graft. Twenty-three successfully transplanted recipient rats were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (the MSCs therapy group) (n = 8) and group 2 (the control group) (n = 8) both received a 10-day course of cyclosporine (CsA) (2 mg/kg intraperitoneally) to prevent initial acute rejection. MSCs (1 × 107) of first dosage and an additional dosage were injected into group 1 postoperative days (PODs) 0, 3, and 7. Group 2 received 0.9% saline solution in addition to CsA as the control group. Group 3 consisted of recipients (n = 7) receiving neither immunosuppression nor MSCs. Renal histopathology and immunohistochemistry of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) was examined at week 12. Safety of MSC infusion was determined by observing symptoms and signs after infusion and performing gross anatomy at week 12. Results All the grafts of group 3 developed acute rejection and were rejected within 4 weeks. Bone marrow MSCs significantly decreased the severity of mononuclear cell interstitial inflammation, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and vascular fibrous intimal thickening in renal grafts (P Conclusions Early bone marrow MSCs infusion on PODs 0, 3, and 7 are effective and safe for chronic renal allograft rejection in rats. MSCs hold significant promise for clinical transplantation to treat chronic renal allograft rejection and prolong the renal graft survival.

In this paper, the working principle of permanent magnet eddy current coupling (PMEC) is briefly introduced. Then the structural parameters of finite element analysis are determined and analyzed. Ansoft is used to analyze the influence of operating parameters and structural parameters on the coupling ability of the PMEC. The main factors affecting the transmission performance of the permanent magnet eddy current coupler are obtained, which provides an important reference for the development of PMEC.

Four Cd(II) coordination polymers (CPs) including [Cd(btbb)0.5(L1)] n (1), [Cd(btbb)(L2)·(H2O)1.5] n (2), [Cd(btbb)(L3)] n (3), and [Cd(btbb)(HL4)] n (4) (btbb = 1,4-bis(thiabendazole)butane, H2L1 = 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, H2L2 = 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, H2L3 = tetrabromoterephthalic acid, H3L4 = 5-nitro-1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid) were prepared under hydrothermal conditions based on flexible bis(thiabendazole) ligand and different co-carboxylates. Their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, elemental analyses, IR spectra, X-ray powder diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyses. CP 1 exhibits a 3D 2-nodal (3,4)-connected framework with the 3,4T10 topology. CP 2 and 3 feature typical hcb layer structure, and 3 is further combined into a 3D supramolecular architecture through C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds. CP 4 possesses an infinite chain and further extended into 2D supramolecular network by O–H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions. The effects of the aromatic polycarboxylate co-ligands on the CPs framework have been discussed and the catalytic activities of CPs 1–4 for degradation of methyl orange in Fenton-like process are also investigated.

Transferrin, as a drug carrier, holds promise for targeted drug delivering into cancer cells where transferrin receptors (TfRs) are overexpressed. In the present study, the influence of structure characteristics of isoflavones have been explored, which are critical for binding to transferrin. Three isoflavones, daidzein, puerarin, and genistein, with characteristic daidzein core structures were selected for the study of the effects of substituent group on the A-ring on interaction with transferrin. The results demonstrated that daidzein-bound transferrin with an affinity almost 7 or more than 20 times higher than that of puerarin or genistein attributed to the addition of C(8)-glycosyl or C(5)-hydroxyl on the aromatic A-ring. Our docking study indicated that daidzein had strong hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions with transferrin, which believed to contribute to its higher binding affinity. Furthermore, daidzein binding induced fewer structures changes of transferrin than that by puerarin o...

A new Cd(II) coordination polymer, namely [Cd(pbmb)(mip)]n (pbmb = 1,1′-(1,3-propane)bis-(2-methylbenzimidazole), H2mip = 5-methylisophthalic acid), is hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. It crystallizes in the triclinic space group $$P\overline 1 $$ , a = 0.2883(11), b = 11.3409(12), c = 13.2519(14) A, α = 69.6950(10)°, β = 73.5850(10)°, γ = 63.8100(10)°, V = 1285.8(2) A3, Z = 2, C28H28CdN4O5, M r = 612.94, D c = = 1.583 g/cm3, μ = 0.896 mm–1. In the complex, adjacent dinuclear units [Cd2(pbmb)2] are bridged by mip2– ligands in the μ2-η2, η1 coordination modes to construct 1D ladder-like chains which are additionally assembled into a 2D supramolecular network via C–H∙∙∙π interactions. Moreover, the luminescence properties of the complex are described.

Four Co(II) coordination polymers, [Co(L) 2 (1,4-bdc)] n ( 1 ), [Co 0.5 (HL)(Hbtc)] n ( 2 ), {[Co(L)(1,3-bdc)(H 2 O)]·1.5H 2 O} n ( 3 ) and {[Co 2 (L) 2 (nip) 2 ]·2H 2 O} n ( 4 ) (L = 4,4′-bis(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)biphenyl, 1,4-H 2 bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, H 3 btc = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,3-H 2 bdc = 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, H 2 nip = 5-nitroisophthalic acid) have been synthesized under hydrothermal reaction conditions. Both complexes 1 and 2 feature chain structures, and 2 is ultimately extended into a 2D supramolecular framework via classic hydrogen bonding interactions. Complex 3 possesses a (4,4) grid with {4 4 .6 2 } topology. Complex 4 displays a 2D (6,3) layer, which is further extended into a 3D supramolecular network with unusual binodal (3,4)-connected sqc1425 topology via O–H⋯O hydrogen bonding interactions. Additionally, the thermal stability, UV/Vis diffuse-reflection spectra and photocatalytic behaviors of these CPs have also been investigated.

Two coordination polymers (CPs), namely [Ni(L)(chdc)] n (1) and [Mn(L)(ndc)(H2O)] n (2) (L = 4,4′-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)biphenyl, H2chdc = 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, H2ndc = 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid), have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods and also by single-crystal diffraction. Both CPs feature 3D-diamond-like networks with point symbol of 66; CP-1 displays a 2-fold interpenetrated net, while CP-2 presents a non-interpenetrated framework. The thermal stabilities, solid-state luminescence properties and catalytic activities of both CPs for degradation of methyl orange in a Fenton-like process were investigated.

Two Ni(II) coordination polymers, namely {[Ni(L1)(2,6-ndc)0.5(H2O)2]·0.5(2,6-ndc)·2H2O} n (1) and [Ni(L2)(1,4-ndc)(H2O)] n (2) (L1 = 1,3-bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-2-propanol, L2 = 1,3-bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, 2,6-H2ndc = 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and 1,4-H2ndc = 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis, IR spectra, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. CP-1 presents a 1D zigzag chain, and CP-2 features a 1D tube-like chain. Both one-dimensional coordination polymers are further extended into 3D and 2D supramolecular framework via classical O–H···O hydrogen bondings, respectively. Moreover, the catalytic properties of the two complexes for the degradation of Methyl orange in a Fenton-like reaction are discussed.

Three coordination polymers, [Co(L)(tbta)]n (1), [Ag(L)(H2O)·(Hhpht)]n (2) and [Ag2(L)1.5(oba)]n (3) (L = 1,4-bis(2-methylbenzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, H2tbta = tetrabromoterephthalic acid, H2hpht = homophthalic acid, H2oba = 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic acid)), have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Complex 1 displays a 2-D uninodal 4-connected sql network, 2 and 3 feature chain structures, which further generate 2D supramolecular networks through hydrogen bonding interactions. The thermal and fluorescence properties of 1–3 have been carried out and discussed.

Two Ag(I) coordination polymers, namely [Ag(L)(p-bdc)0.5]n (1) and [Ag(L)(p-bdc)0.5·2H2O]n (2) (L = 1,3-bis(2-methylbenzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, p-H2bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by different silver(I) salt. Complex 1 is a 2D Borromean entanglement involving 3-fold (6,3) honeycomb networks. Nevertheless, complex 2 display a 1D ladder-like chain structure. Both complexes are ultimately extended into 3D supramolecular frameworks via Ag···O interactions and π···π interactions. The fluorescence and catalytic activities of two complexes for the degradation of methyl orange by sodium persulfate were addressed.

Three silver(I) coordination polymers namely, [Ag4(L1)2(1, 4-ndc)2]n (1) {[Ag(L2)]·(1, 4-Hndc)·H2O}n (2), and {[Ag(L3)(H2O)]·(1, 4-Hndc)}n (3) [L1 = 1, 3-bis(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, 1, 4-H2ndc = 1, 4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, L2 = 1, 3-bis(5, 6-dimethylbenzimidazole-1-ylmethyl)benzene, L3 = 1, 4-bis(5, 6-dimethylbenzimidazole)butane], were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and XRPD analysis. Complex 1 displays a 1D tube-like chain, which is packed into a 3D supramolecular network by π–π stacking interactions. Complex 2 features an infinite 1D linear chain. Complex 3 contains a 1D wave-like chain, which is extended into a 3D supramolecular network through O–H···O hydrogen bonding interactions. Moreover, these coordination polymers exhibit catalytic properties for degradation of methyl orange in Fenton-like processes.

Three coordination polymers, namely {[Ni(L1)(nip)(H2O)]·2H2O} n (1), [Co(L2)(tbip)] n (2), and {[Co2(L3)2(bptc)]·3H2O} n (3) (L1 = 1,4-bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole)butane, L2 = 1,4-bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole)-2-butylene, L3 = 1,3-bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole)propane, H2nip = 5-nitro-isophthalic acid, H2tbip = 5-tert-butyl-isophthalic acid, H4bptc = biphenyl-3,3′,4,4′-tetracarboxylic acid), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods as well as by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Complexes 1 and 2 both feature a two-dimensional (4,4) layer with (44 × 62) topology. Complex 3 possesses a uninodal 4-connected 2D htb network. The fluorescence spectra and catalytic properties of the complexes for the degradation of methyl orange by sodium persulfate in a Fenton-like process are reported.

Two Zn(II) coordination polymers, formulated as {[Zn(L1)0.5(btc)0.5(H2O)]·H2O} n (1) and {[Zn(L2)(1,4-ndc)]·2H2O} n (2) [L1 = 1,4-bis(2-methylbenzimidazole-1-ylmethyl)benzene, L2 = 1,4-bis(2-methylbenzimidazole)butane, H4btc = butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid, 1,4-H2ndc = 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid] have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 features a 3D (3,4)-connected network with the topology of fsh-3,4-P21/c. Complex 2 is a 2D (4,4) grid with sql topology and further extends into a 3D supramolecular framework by π–π stacking interactions. In addition, the thermal stability, fluorescence, and catalytic properties of two complexes for degrading methyl orange dye in a Fenton-like process were investigated.

Three new Co(II) coordination polymers, [Co(L1)(bpdc)] n (1), [Co(L2)(ndc)(H2O)·2H2O] n (2) and [Co(L3)(ndc)(H2O)·H2O] n (3) (L1 = 1,2-bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole)ethane, L2 = 1,3-bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole)propane, L3 = 1,4-bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole)butane, H2bpdc = 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, H2ndc = 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. All three complexes feature (4,4) networks that extend into 3D supramolecular frameworks via hydrogen bonding interactions. The luminescence properties and catalytic activities of these complexes with respect to the degradation of methyl orange in a Fenton-like process have been investigated.

Two coordination polymers formulated as [Co2(2,6-ndc)2(L)]n (1) and [Ag(L)(1,4-Hndc)]n (2) (L = 1,1′-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(2-methylbenzimidazole), 2,6-H2ndc = 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-H2ndc = 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by IR, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structural analysis reveals that complex 1 exhibits an unprecedented 3D framework with threefold interpenetrating xah topology. Complex 2 shows a 1D “Ω”-like chains bridged by L ligands, which is further extended via O–H···O hydrogen bonding interactions into a 2D (4,4) supramolecular layer. The thermal stability and catalytic properties of two complexes for the degradation of Congo red dye in a Fenton-like process was also investigated.

Three metal-organic coordination polymers, namely {[Cd(L1)(1,2-chdc)]·2H2O}n (1), {[Ni(L2)(1,2-chdc)]·H2O}n (2), and [Cd(L2)(npht)]n (3) [L1 = 1,2-bis(2-methylbenzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, L2 = 1,2-bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, 1,2-H2chdc = 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, H2npht = 3-nitrophthalic acid] were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods, IR spectroscopy, TGA, and elemental analysis. In compound 1, two 1,2-chdc2– ligands connect two neighboring Cd atoms to form a dinuclear [Cd2(1,2-chdc)2] subunit, which is further linked by L1 ligands to construct a 1D ladder-like chain. Compound 2 exhibits a 2D (4,4) coordination network with {44.62} topology, whilst compound 3 shows a 1D helical chain structure. The fluorescence, UV/Vis diffuse reflection spectra, and catalytic properties of complexes 1–3 for the degradation of the congo red azo dye in a Fenton-like process are investigated.

Two Ni(II) coordination polymers, namely [Ni3(btb)4(nbta)2(H2O)4] n (1) and [Ni(btb)(Hbtc)(H2O)2] n (2) (H3nbta = 5-nitro-1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid, H3btc = 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid), employing mixed-ligand systems, both containing the rigid N-donor ligand btb (4,4′-bis(1,2,4-triazolyl-1-yl)-biphenyl), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 shows a two-dimensional network with a binodal (3,4)-connected 3,4L90 topology, while complex 2 features a 1D zigzag chain structure. Both complexes are further extended into 3D supramolecular architectures via strong O–H···O hydrogen bonds. The thermal stabilities and luminescence properties of both complexes have been studied.

Two new cobalt(II) coordination polymers, {[Co(L1)(tbta)]0.8H(2)O}(n) (1) and {[Co(L2)(tbta)]H2O}(n) (2) [L1 = 1,1-(1,3-propanediyl)bis(2-methylbenzimidazole), L2 = 1,2-bis(2-methylbenzimidazole-1-ylmethyl)benzene, H(2)tbta = tetrabromoterephthalic acid] were obtained under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods, IR spectroscopy, TGA, and elemental analysis. The cobalt atoms present similar environments with tetrahedral arrangements in 1 and 2. The two complexes show a 2D (4,4) coordination network with sql topology. Compound 2 is further extended into a rare 3,3,4T3 three-dimensional supramolecular framework by weak C-HO hydrogen bonding interactions. The fluorescence and catalytic properties of the complexes for the degradation of the congo red azo dye in a Fenton-like process were investigated.

Under hydrothermal conditions three new Ag-I coordination polymers, [Ag(L1)(Hmip)](n) [Ag(L2)(0.5)(ndc)(0.5)](n) (2), and ([Ag(L3)(0.5)(Htbi)]center dot 0.25H(2)O) (3) [H(2)mip = 5-methylisophthalic acid, L1 = 1,4-bis(2-methylbenzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene,H(2)ndc = 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, L2 = 1,3-bis(2-methylbenzimidazol-1ylmethyl)benzene, H(2)tbi = 5-tert-butyi isophthalic acid, L3 = 1,4-bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole)butane] were synthesized by employing flexible bis(benzimidazole) and dicarboxylic acid ligands. Polymer 1 displays a 2D 4-connected 4L2 underlying net topology with the point symbol of (6(5).8) in standard representation. Compound 2 possesses a 2D uninodal 4-connected Shubnikov tetragonal plane net (NO based on a &nuclear Ag-I clusters with the point symbol (4(4).6(2)), which is further extended into a 3D supramolecular framework by pi-pi interactions. Compound 3 possesses dinuclear molecular complex groups, which form chains by weak Ag-O (2.6 A) coordination bonds, and further assembled into a 2D supramolecular layer by hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking interactions. These complexes exhibit intense fluorescent emissions in solid state. UV/Vis diffuse reflection spectra and the excellent catalytic activity for the degradation of the congo red azo dye in a Fenton-like process are discussed.

Two cobalt(II) coordination polymers, namely [Co(bbdmbm)(tbi)·H2O]n (1) and [Co(bmb)1.5(tbi)]n (2), (bbdmbm = 1,1′-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole), bmb = 1,4-bis(2-methylbenzimidazol-1-ylmethyl) benzene, H2tbi = 5-tert-butyl isophthalic acid), have been synthesized and characterized by physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods and also by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 features a 1D ladder-like chain and is further extended into a 3D supramolecular architecture via strong O–H···O hydrogen bonds. Complex 2 exhibits a 2D corrugated (4,4) network constructed with bmb and tbi ligands, which is further assembled into a 3D 3,4,4-connected supramolecular framework with 3,4,4T25 topology through weak C–H···O hydrogen-bonding interactions. The fluorescence properties and catalytic activities of both complexes for the degradation of Congo red in a Fenton-like process have been investigated.

Two new coordination polymers, formulated as [Co(L1)(btec)0.5] n (1) and {[Co(L2)(bdc)]·H2O} n (2) (L1 = 1,3-bis(2-methylbenzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, H2bdc = 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, H4btec = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, L2 = 1,3-bis(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene), have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The cobalt atoms present different environments, with a trigonal pyramidal geometry in 1 and a distorted octahedral configuration in 2. Complex 1 shows a 2D (4,4) network linked by L1 and btec4− anions, giving an uninodal 4-connected sql topology with a point symbol of {42·62}, while complex 2 displays a 1D ladder-like chain structure, which is further assembled into a 3D supramolecular architecture via C–H···π hydrogen bonding interactions. The fluorescence properties of both complexes have been investigated in the solid state.

The design attempts for thefirst time to realize face locating system on the FPGA platform using themethod combined initiative infrared source with image difference. Through imagedifference process, the system obtains a difference image without backgroundinterference which takes the face as the main body. It can obtain the personface boundary by projecting the difference image in the horizontal and verticaldirection. The system processing speed amount s to the video source frequency25 frame per second, satisfying the timely request; the method of initiativeinfrared source makes the exterior have small influence on the image andguarantees the robustness of the system.

Smart home system mainly consists of home networking, wireless local area network and external network, and with the advantages of low cost and high reliability, Zigbee wireless technology is the right choice for smart home system and the main part of home networking. The design of smart home system based on Zigbee is proposed, the Zigbeethe design process of the systemintelligent socket and data communication rule are elaborated. The system has been applied in smart community of Shaoxing Electric Power Bureau, which has good performances, high availability and reliability, better market prospects.

A collision detection algorithm based on hybrid bounding volume hierarchy was proposed using k-DOPs and sphere between complex objects. A simple algorithm to the particular structure of hydraulic servo manipulator was introduced based on the relation of line to line and line to plane to deal with real time collision detection between graphicrobot and operation task in consideration of the bounding volume hierarchy method.Validity of thisalgorithm was proved through experiments . The experimental results show that the proposed collision detection model is simple and fast in calculation,and easy for realization.it can solve on line simulation problem in remote operation for construction robot,and could be applied in simple virtual reality system.

A 3D six-connected non-interpenetrated α-Po framework with an unique hexanuclear CuII cluster periodically extended by isophthalatlate (ip2 −) and N,N′-(1,1-methyl)-bis(imidazole) (mbim) ligands, [Cu3(μ4-O)(mbim)(ip)2]n (1), has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. The complex displays high thermal stability until 285 °C confirmed by thermal analysis and possesses a remarkable catalytic activity for degradation of congo red dye in Fenton process.

Two Ni(II) coordination polymers, [Ni(dmbbbi)(pic)2·3H2O]n (1) and [Ni(dmbbbi)1.5(pdc)·2H2O]n (2) (dmbbbi = 1,1′-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole), Hpic = 2-picolinic acid, H2pdc = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid), have been hydrothermally synthesized by self-assembly of nickel chloride with a flexible bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole) ligand and two different pyridine carboxylic acids. The compounds were characterized by physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods and by single-crystal diffraction. Compound 1 possesses 1D ribbon-like chains connected by dmbbbi ligands in bis-bridging mode, which are further extended into a 2D supramolecular network through O–H···O hydrogen bonding interactions between pic anions and lattice water molecules, giving a novel trinodal (3,3,4)-connected topology with the point symbol of (4.6.8)2(6.84.10). Compound 2 shows a 2D undulant {63} hexagonal (hcb) network. The structures of the two complexes are further stabilized by intramolecular π···π stacking interactions between the imidazole and N-containing nickel chelate rings. In addition, the fluorescence properties of 1 and 2 have been investigated in the solid state.

Insufficient length of right renal vein (RV) increases the difficulty of venous anastomosis and blocks the promotion of transplantation of both kidneys, which could significantly reduce operative time and donor numbers. This study sought to discover a quick, safe method of venous anastomosis for right kidney donation.Three venous anastomotic methods (n = 20 in each group) were used for right donor kidney heterotopic transplantation: End-to-side, vena cava bypass, and modified end-to-end, namely, harvesting the right donor kidney with a part of the vena cava and then anastomosing the proximal end to the recipient RV followed by a ligation of the distal end. The conventional end-to-end venous anastomosis was used for left donor kidney orthotopic transplantation as a control (n = 60). We compared operative times and complications.The operative time of the modified end-to-end group (18.45 ± 0.69 minutes) and end-to-side group (17.95 ± 1.54 minutes) were both less than the vena caval bypass group (32.60 ± 2.84 minutes); (P.05), but equal to the control group (17.60 ± 1.89; P.05). The overall complication rate among the modified end-to-end group (2/20) was less than those for the end-to-side (8/20) and vena caval bypass groups (9/20; P.05), but similar to the control group (7/60; P.05).A modified end-to-end technique is the preferred venous anastomotic method for right donor kidney transplantation.

To compare the serum miR-663 levels in renal transplant patients with and without acute rejection (AR) and explore the role of miR-663 acute renal graft rejection.Real time-PCR was used to determine serum miR-663 levels in renal transplant recipients with and without AR. MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC assay were employed to examine the viability and apoptosis of human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGEC) treated with a miR-663 mimic or a miR-663 inhibitor, and ELISA was performed to detect the expression of inflammation-related cytokines including IL-6, IFN-γ, CCL-2 and TNF-α in the cells. Transwell assay was used to examine the effect of miR-663 mimic and miR-663 inhibitor on the chemotactic capability of macrophages.Serum miR-663 level was significantly higher in renal transplant recipients with AR than in those without AR. The miR-663 mimic significantly inhibited the viability of HRGECs and increase the cell apoptosis rate, while miR-663 inhibitor suppressed the cell apoptosis. The miR-663 mimic increased the expression levels of inflammation-related cytokines and enhanced the chemotactic capability of macrophages.miR-663 might play important roles in acute renal graft rejection and may become a therapeutic target for treating AR.

This article describes a research on two degrees of freedom turntable with large panel array, proposed an electric-driven method with self-locking function and modular structure mode. And we designed the large panel array two degrees of freedom turntable with 6m × 6m board. The pointing accuracy of the two-axis is 0.01°, azimuth and pitch angle are range to ± 20°, It’s wind resistance level is 8 and have many advantages such as long-term self-locking, safe, reliable, light weight and so on. This article focuses on the turntable’s driving principles and structures; finite element analysis shows that the structure we designed is reasonably practicable, safe and reliable.

For content-based 3D model retrieval, an improved depth image-based feature extraction algorithm is proposed. First, a 3-D model is preprocessed. Secondly, six depth images are generated in three principal directions in the normalized coordinate system. Thirdly, the eigenvectors of 3D model are obtained through 2D Fourier Transform of the depth images. Finally a new method is used for low-frequency sampling. Experiments show that the approach performed quite well despite its apparently simple approach. In our large 3D database, our approach is well for variant resolution models and holds satisfied computational costs.

This article designs a testing mechanism to simulate the retractile process for foldable display. According to the requirement of stable working and smallest dimensions, we choose the crank rocker as the basic mechanical principle for the testing device, and we remove its quick-return characteristics; then we analyze the whole motion process of the testing mechanism, and build the mathematical model; at last we build the 3D modeling and make the simulated analysis. Based on the results, we get the way the related parameters effect the diver torque. This theory analysis and modeling method can be used as the basis of the same kind of testing mechanism.

According to the linear elastic fracture mechanics and the virtual work principle, the elemental stiffness matrix of the diagonally cracked RC beam is derived, and the frequencies and modes of the diagonally cracked beam are obtained. The experiment is executed to verify the elemental stiffness matrix. It is given from the experimental result that frequencies would be lower after crack happen, and the influence of higher frequencies is more obviously than influence of the lower frequencies for crack, which is matched with the fact. So the experimental result is reliable. The built elementary stiffness matrix is used to calculate the frequencies and modes of the experimental beams. The maximum relative error of frequencies of calculating and experimental test is controlled in the 2.79%, and the MAC values between calculated mode shapes and experimental mode shapes are all higher than 0.9. The values of calculating with the elementary stiffness matrix built are matched well with the experimental values. So the stiffness matrix of RC beam element with a diagonal crack is applicable in calculation.