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Soil salinity is a significant threat to global agriculture. Understanding salt exclusion mechanisms in halophyte species may be instrumental in improving salt tolerance in crops. Puccinellia tenuiflora is a typical salt-excluding halophytic grass often found in potassium-deprived saline soils. Our previous work showed that P. tenuiflora possesses stronger selectivity for K

Fulvifomes submerrillii (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota) is described from China based on both of morphological evidence and molecular data. The new species is characterized by perennial, pileate basidiocarps, encrusted, smooth pileal surface, 6–7 pores per mm with thick dissepiments, a dimitic hyphal system with interwoven skeletal hyphae, absence of setae or setal hyphae, ventricose cystidioles, and broadly ellipsoid, yellowish brown, thick-walled, smooth basidiospores, 4.7–5 × 3.7–4 μm. Phylogenetic analysis inferred from ITS and nLSU sequences indicates that the new species forms a separate well-supported clade, closely related to F. merrillii. However, F. merrillii has larger pores (4–5 per mm), a subdimitic hyphal structure in context, the contextual skeletal hyphae which regularly arranged and become swollen in KOH, and slightly longer (4.5–6 μm long) basidiospores. Moreover, one new combination (F. rigidus) is revived from synonym under Inonotus rigidus.

Background Posterior scleritis is a rare inflammatory ocular disease, characterized by severe and painful inflammation of the sclera. It is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed, due to its general and varying clinical presentation profile, which primarily involves pain and visual impairment but which can include eyelid edema, choroidal folds, serous retinal detachment, disc edema, hard exudates in fovea and subretinal mass. We report here a case of posterior scleritis, with symptoms of eye pain and red eye, initially misdiagnosed as acute conjunctivitis. Case summary A 56-year-old man presented to a local hospital with complaint of pain and redness in the right eye. The initial diagnosis was acute conjunctivitis and he was given antibiotic eyedrops. Upon week-long continuance of the symptoms despite treatment, he presented to our hospital. Initial examination revealed a shallow anterior chamber in the right eye and vision reduction to 0.6. Further testing by optical coherence tomography, ultrasound biomicroscopy, and fundus photography indicated diagnosis of posterior scleritis. The patient was given methylprednisolone (oral) on a tapered reduction schedule (starting with 70 mg/d). According to the peaks and troughs of symptoms, compound betamethasone injection was administered into the bulb, culminating in discontinuation of the oral corticosteroid. Subsequent optical coherence tomography showed the subretinal fluid near the optic disc to be completely absorbed after treatment. Conclusion Posterior scleritis should be among the differential diagnosis of eye pain and redness, and diagnosis requires further ophthalmic accessory examination, such as by optical coherence tomography.

Low resistivity, high conformability, and ultrathin barriers against Cu diffusion have always been a critical challenge for fabrications of extremely large-scale integrated circuits. In this articl...

Changbai Mountain is a typical distribution area of temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, with significant influence of global climate change. In order to understand the responses of forest ecosystem to climate change, we examined the responses of dominant arbor species in the community ecotone of broad-leaved Korean pine forest and spruce-fir forest (also known as dark coniferous forest),长白山是典型的温性针阔叶混交林分布区,也是受全球气候变化影响最为显著的地区之一。为了解该区森林生态系统对气候变化的响应,本研究选取该区阔叶红松林与云冷杉林(又称暗针叶林)群落交错带内优势乔木树种长白松和鱼鳞云杉作为对象,获取树木年轮宽度资料建立标准年表,明确限制2个树种径向生长的关键气候因子。结果表明: 长白松和鱼鳞云杉径向生长对气候变化的响应存在差异,长白松较鱼鳞云杉对气候因子的响应更加敏感,更适合用于年轮气候学研究。长白松径向生长具有与平均气温升高相一致的趋势,而鱼鳞云杉径向生长则出现随气温升高而下降的“分离现象”。相关分析表明,长白松径向生长主要受气温限制,尤其是受上年7、8月和当年9月平均气温影响较大。鱼鳞云杉标准年表与大多数月份的平均气温呈负相关,表现为受气温和降水量的综合制约。升温突变后,长白松和鱼鳞云杉径向生长与气候因子相关性较升温突变前减弱,并且在个别月份出现了径向生长与气候因子相关性由正相关向负相关的转变。目前,升温可能并未超过长白松径向生长的临界阈值,对其径向生长仍保持着促进作用。小波分析表明,该地区树木径向生长可能受到一些大尺度的大气-海洋-陆地变化的耦合作用影响。综上,气候变暖有利于增加长白松径向生长量,升温导致的干旱胁迫是限制鱼鳞云杉径向生长的主要原因,如果未来全球气温持续增加,将对鱼鳞云杉产生不利影响。本结果有助于理解长白松和鱼鳞云杉径向生长对未来气候变化的响应,并为在该区使用该树种进行气候重建提供一定的基础数据。.

Background: Symptoms of hand osteoarthritis result in activity limitations and lower quality of life. Hydroxychloroquine, which has been used successfully in the treatment of many autoimmune diseases, can suppress inflammation and might also be beneficial in hand osteoarthritis. Methods: We plan to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trial to determine the symptom-modifying effect of hydroxychloroquine in hand osteoarthritis. We will search PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science using a comprehensive strategy. The related conference proceedings and reference lists of the included studies will also be checked to identify additional studies. Two reviewers will screen retrieved records, extract information and assess the risk of bias independently. Stata v15.1 software will be used to conduct data synthesis. Results: This study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. Conclusion: We hope it will provide a relatively comprehensive reference for clinical practice and future relevant clinical trials. INPLASY registration number: INPLASY2020110005

Haloxylon ammodendron, a C4 perennial, succulent and xero-halophytic shrub, is highly resistant to harsh environments, therefore, exploring the stress resistance mechanism will be beneficial for the use of xerophytes to prevent desertification. To determine osmotic adjustment (OA) and antioxidase functions under simulated drought stress, 8-week-old seedlings were treated with sorbitol solutions to maintain osmotic potentials (Ψs) at a control and −0.5 and −1.0 MPa. Under −0.5 MPa osmotic stress, H. ammodendron stably maintained the water content of assimilating branches, a result that was not significantly different from the result of the control group. Moreover, the Ψs decreased significantly, which helped plants absorb water efficiently from the environment, as H. ammodendron accumulated massive osmotic regulators in its assimilating branches to adjust shoot Ψs. Specifically, the contribution of Na+ to shoot Ψs was up to 45%, and Na+ became the main osmotic regulator of OA. During the treatments, the content and contribution of K+ remained stable. However, the total contribution of three organic osmotic regulators (free proline, betaine and soluble sugar) was only 20%, and betaine was the main organic osmotic regulator, accounting for approximately 15% of the 20% contribution. Moreover, H. ammodendron seedlings presented strong antioxidases, especially when there was a high activity level of superoxide dismutase, and with an increase in treatment time and degree of osmotic stress, the activity of peroxidase and catalase increased significantly. Substantial accumulation of osmotic adjustment substances was an important strategy for H. ammodendron to cope with simulated drought stress, in particular, H. ammodendron absorbed much Na+ and transported Na+ into the assimilating branch for OA. The scavenging of reactive oxygen species by antioxidases was another adaptation strategy for H. ammodendron to adapt to simulated drought stress.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in carcinogenesis and development of cancers. In this study, we analyzed the eccentrically expressed miRNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues based on the miRNA-Seq data of HNSCC patients available in the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Aberrant expression of 2589 miRNAs was detected in HNSCC tissues (1128 downregulated and 1461 upregulated). The differential expression levels of the miRNAs were further validated by analysis of 25 HNSCC samples and paired control tissues and compared with the Gene Expression Omnibus database to determine the candidate miRNAs. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to compare the expression of these candidate miRNAs between 22 fresh HNSCC tissue samples and 11 control samples. In addition, the relationship between the expression of these candidate miRNAs and Tumor, Node, Metastases staging of HNSCC was analyzed. Compared with the expression in control tissues, the levels of hsa-miR-410-3p, hsa-miR-411-5p, hsa-miR-125b-2-3p, and hsa-miR-99a-3p were significantly lower in HNSCC. According to the Cancer Genome Atlas dataset analyzed, all 4 miRNAs were shown to inhibit tumor progression (T stage), positive lymph node metastasis (N stage), and distant metastasis (M stage) in HNSCC. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that genes regulated by these 4 miRNAs were enriched in certain pathways, including the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway and the Hippo pathway. Enriched gene ontology terms mainly included regulation of transcription, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, which are well-characterized functions of miRNAs. Moreover, all 4 miRNAs inhibited the progression of primary tumors (T stage) and metastasis of regional lymph nodes (N stage). The top 4 aberrantly expressed miRNAs identified in this study have great clinical value in developing strategies for early diagnosis and treatment of HNSCC. More intensive studies are required to elucidate the mechanism underlying the roles of these miRNAs in HNSCC.

9α-hydroxy-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (9-OHAD), as an important precursor for a large number of steroidal drugs, can be produced by the mycobacterial degradation of phytosterols’ feedstock. Phytosterols are wastes separated from the production of vegetable oil. Three catabolic pathways were involved in the microbial conversion of phytosterols to form 9-OHAD in Mycobacterium neoaurum MS136, namely sterol uptake, sterol side-chain degradation, and steroid nucleus cleavage and degradation. To enhance the production of 9-OHAD, we systematically studied the expression pattern of the genes during the conversion of phytosterols to 9-OHAD. The genes with significant up-regulation (e.g., hsd, cyp125, fadD19, hsd4A and ksh) were overexpressed to examine their effects on the 9-OHAD production. Thus, the recombinant Mycobacterium neoaurum MS136-F was constructed with the overexpression of these four key genes (e.g., hsd, hsd4A, kshA1 and kshB) and the knockout of the gene kstd that led to the degradation of 9-OHAD. Upon adding 13.0 g/L of commercial phytosterols feedstock (including 6.2 g/L β-sitosterol, 3.0 g/L campesterol, 3.3 g/L stigmasterol and 0.5 g/L others), 6.8 g/L 9-OHAD was obtained by this recombinant strain MS136-F after 108 h’ fermentation, which was 1.45-fold of that of the parental M. neoaurum MS136 (4.7 g/L, the molar conversion rate is 77.2%). In the phytosterols feedstock, β-sitosterol and campesterol were converted to 9-OHAD with a much high molar conversion ratio of 98.5%. However, stigmasterol (3.3 g/L) was hardly used by mycobacteria, only 0.3 g/L of which was converted 9-OHAD. This study has a direct implication for the industrial production of 9-OHAD.

Introduction: The magnesium alloy was fabricated into orthopedic plates, and used to repair tibial fractures of New Zealand white rabbits. The osteogenesis and degradation behavior of magnesium alloy plates were investigated in vivo. Methods: 38 rabbits were randomly divided into an experimental group using the magnesium alloy plate and control group using a titanium alloy plate. Tibial fractures in the experimental group and control group were fixed with magnesium alloy plates and titanium alloy plates, respectively. An X-ray of the fracture site was taken at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks after surgery. The formation of callus and expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) in each group were examined at 4, 8, and 16 weeks postoperatively. The degradation behavior of the magnesium alloy plate was observed using a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectroscopy system. Results: The results of X-ray showed that the fracture healed gradually and there was significant callus around the plate in the magnesium alloy plate group than that in the titanium alloy plate groups. The formation of callus and the expression of BMP-2 in the magnesium alloy plate group were more significant than that in the titanium plate group. The degradation behavior of the magnesium alloy plates deepened in vivo with the implantation time. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the magnesium alloy plate implanted into the rabbit tibia could promote the formation of callus and result in osteogenesis in vivo. Meanwhile, the magnesium alloy plate was absorbed gradually in vivo.

Abiotic stresses pose adverse impact on plant growth and development and exploring the stress tolerance genes from dominant species is still urgent. The desert shrub, Haloxylon ammodendron, a C4 and succulent xero-halophyte species, has great drought and salt tolerance. Here, we reported the isolation and functions analysis of HaASR1 (abscisic acid, stress, and ripening) from H. ammodendron. HaASR1 interacts with HaPrxQ and HaBADH and may function in preventing PrxQ and BADH from denaturation in plants under drought stress. Overexpression of HaASR1 reduces the sensitivity of Arabidopsis plants to exogenous ABA and decreases the endogenous ABA level through down-regulating ABA biosynthesis genes under drought stress, which making the plants display less inhibition of shoot growth and enhanced drought tolerance. Overexpression of HaASR1 significantly enhances photosynthetic capacity of Arabidopsis plants under drought stress by reducing H2O2 accumulation through up-regulating AtCAT2, AtAPX1 and AtPrxQ and maintaining relatively integrity of chloroplasts. Overexpression of HaASR1 also significantly improves water-retaining ability. Taken together, we propose that HaASR1 plays critical roles in plant drought stress adaptation by making the plants partially defective in ABA signaling and participating in drought tolerance regulation through nonstomatal pathways, enhancing ROS-scavenging ability and water-retaining ability, which is different from the functions of previously reported ASR genes from other plant species. This research also reveals that HaASR1 gene from the desert shrub, Haloxylon ammodendron, has potential application values in improving abiotic stresses of other plant species by genetic engineering.

Strain modes of structures reflect the distribution rule of dynamic strain and can be of service to structural health monitoring. This article presents a new method to estimate the strain modes of beam structures based on the measured dynamic strain. Since the cross-correlation matrix of the modal coordinates is a diagonal matrix, thus, the cross-correlation matrix of the measured dynamic strain is also a diagonal matrix, and the strain modes can be obtained to find the eigenvectors of the strain cross-correlation matrix. The strain modes of a simply support beam and a continuous beam subjected to various impulsive excitations are identified from the numerical simulations using the proposed method. The noise effect is also investigated in this article. The numerical results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the strain modes even with noise effect. Finally, the method is verified through the experiment of a simply supported beam under hammering excitation. The test results also show that the proposed method can estimate the strain modes of beam structures with a high accuracy.

The native defects and magnetic properties in undoped rutile TiO 2 are studied using local density approximation (LDA) and LDA adding Hubbard parameters ( U ) schemes. The band gap is adjusted to experimental value of 3.0 eV by combination of U Ti d =4.2 eV and U O p =4.8 eV. This LDA+ U methodology overcomes the band-gap problem and renders the approach more predictive. The formation energies of oxygen vacancy ( V O ), oxygen interstitial ( O i ), titanium vacancy ( V Ti ), titanium interstitial (Ti i ), oxygen anti-sites (O Ti ), and titanium anti-sites (Ti O ) are investigated by the LDA and LDA+ U methods. In addition, some ground state configurations can be obtained by optimization of total spin. It is found that native defects can induce spin polarization and produce magnetic moment.

Oxygen-free and low resistivity nickel (Ni) thin films are successfully prepared by plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition using nickelocene (NiCp2) as a metal precursor and ammonia (NH3) as a reactant. The properties of the deposited films are characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and four-point-probe measurements. The results indicate that the as-deposited films are Ni-dominated materials with small quantities of C and N, containing Ni–Ni, Ni–C, Ni–N, C–N and C–C bonds. Moreover, the films also exhibit excellent conformality on Si nano-pillars with an aspect ratio of ∼13. As the deposition temperature increases from 160 to 280 °C, the film resistivity reduces from ∼127 to ∼71 μΩ cm, which is related to the gradually enhanced Ni3C phase in the films. However, the work function of the film shows a weak dependence on the deposition temperature, increasing from 4.003 to 4.046 eV. After being annealed at 400 °C in the forming gas (N2/4%-H2), the resistivity is reduced significantly down to 11.8 μΩ cm, and the work function increases up to 4.136 eV. These are ascribed to an increase in the purity of the films, as demonstrated by the disappearance of N and the loss of C in the post-annealed films. Such a preparation technique of high quality Ni nano-films is very promising for advanced integrated circuits.

Effects of algal blooms and their degradation on the sediment-water micro-interface under conditions of disturbance and darkness were investigated. The concentration of chlorophyll a in water was determined via the acetone method, profiles of oxygen near the interface were measured using a microelectrode, and profiles of nutrients and metals in sediments were measured at the millimeter level. The results showed that algal bloom degradation at the sediment-water micro-interface decreased the concentration of oxygen and affected nutrient and metal profiles, at depths over approximately 3 mm. Disturbance played an important role in algal bloom degradation and early diagenesis processes of nutrients, such as C and P, and metals, such as Fe, Ca, Mg, Al, and K. Darkness sped up algal bloom degradation and reduced the influence of disturbance. Under control conditions of no disturbance nor algae, and supplied with enough light, a layer of benthic algae appeared at the sediment surface, whose photosynthesis produced oxygen and greatly changed the microenvironment. This brought about significant differences in the concentrations of nearly all nutrients and metals in the surficial sediment compared with those of other treatments. Correlation analyses showed that the vertical variability of sediment P concentration was most strongly related to sediment Mn, followed by sediment C. The results of this high-resolution research showed that algal bloom degradation had an effect on the sediment-water micro-interface at the millimeter level.

The slopes in southwest of China are high and steep. Moreover, their geological conditions and form history are complicated. Stability of slope was one the most important for the expressway constructions in these areas. Based on the excavation and reinforcement of rock slopes in DaoAn highway project, combining with the strata occurrence, calculation models of slope excavation are established. Then the comprehensive process of slope excavation was simulated. Site monitoring and testing were implemented, monitoring data such as surface displacement, vertical displacement, deep horizontal displacement and anchor cable force of three typical slopes during construction are analyzed. Then dynamic warning method and index of slope monitoring during the slope construction are studied. Based on designed safety factor and failure mode of slopes, combined with field monitoring and numerical simulation, a new method to determine the monitoring & early warning index was proposed. They could give references to evaluate the safety state of rock slopes during excavation.

Haloxylon ammodendron, a perennial xero-halophyte, is an essential species for investigating the effects of drought on desert tree. To gain a comprehensive knowledge on the responses of H. ammodendron to drought stress, we specially performed the molecular and physiological analysis of H. ammodendron in response to -0.75 MPa osmotic stress for six and 24 h in lab condition via RNA-seq and digital gene expression (DGE). In total, 87,109 unigenes with a mean length of 680 bp and 13,486 potential simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were generated, and 3353 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in shoots and 4564 in roots were identified under stress. These DEGs were mainly related to ion transporters, signal transduction, ROS-scavenging, photosynthesis, cell wall organization, membrane stabilization and hormones. Moreover, the physiological changes of inorganic ions and organic solute content, peroxidase (POD) activity and osmotic potential were in accordance with dynamic transcript profiles of the relevant genes. In this study, a detailed investigation of the pathways and candidate genes identified promote the research on the molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance in the xero-halophytic species. Our data provides valuable genetic resources for future improvement of forage and crop species for better adaptation to abiotic stresses.

A novel hybrid core-shell structure of ZnO nanowires (NWs)/Ni as a pseudocapacitor electrode was successfully fabricated by atomic layer deposition of a nickel shell, and its capacitive performance was systemically investigated. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that the NiO was formed at the interface between ZnO and Ni where the Ni was oxidized by ZnO during the ALD of the Ni layer. Electrochemical measurement results revealed that the Ti/ZnO NWs/Ni (1500 cycles) electrode with a 30 nm thick Ni-NiO shell layer had the best supercapacitor properties including ultrahigh specific capacitance (∼2440 F g-1), good rate capability (80.5%) under high current charge-discharge conditions, and a relatively better cycling stability (86.7% of the initial value remained after 750 cycles at 10 A g-1). These attractive capacitive behaviors are mainly attributed to the unique core-shell structure and the combined effect of ZnO NW arrays as short charge transfer pathways for ion diffusion and electron transfer as well as conductive Ni serving as channel for the fast electron transport to Ti substrate. This high-performance Ti/ZnO NWs/Ni hybrid structure is expected to be one of a promising electrodes for high-performance supercapacitor applications.

The adsorption energy, electronic structure, lattice vibration and magnetic properties of Cr, Mn and Fe doped graphene with and without HCN adsorption are investigated by the first principles based on density functional theory. The physisorption and chemisorption have been identified. In the paper, Cr-NG, Mn-NG and Fe-NG denote HCN adsorption on Cr, Mn and Fe doped graphene with N atom toward the adsorption site. It is found that the adsorption energy is −1.36 eV for Fe-NG, −0.60 eV for Mn-NG and −0.86 eV for Cr-NG. The Cr-NG will convert from half-metallic behavior to semiconductor after adsorbing HCN molecule, which indicates that the conductivity changes significantly. Phonon density of states (PDOS) shows that the long range order in graphene can be destroyed by doping Fe, Mn and Cr. The imaginary frequency mode in PDOS suggests that Fe and Mn doped graphene is unstable, while Cr doped graphene is stable. The electronic properties are sensitive toward adsorbing HCN, indicating that Cr doped graphene is a promising sensor for detecting HCN molecule. This study provides a useful basis for understanding of a wide variety of physical properties on graphene.

Herein, we report a facile approach to tune the bioactivity of orthopedic implants. The wettability of a Ti-6Al-4V orthopedic implant surface based on nanostructured polypyrrole (NPPy) doped with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, major extracellular matrix components) can be controlled by in situ electrical stimulus, which was utilized to tune their bioactivity.

Based on the research of experiment content and connecting with the current of Daqing oil field polymer injection condition [1]. We make the following experiment scheme design that focus on the study of polymer injection time. We analyzes the change of the ultimate recovery trend and combines with the change of moisture content and injection pressure indicators. We summarize the change of the polymer injection time under the condition of indoor physical simulation experiment on the influence of ultimate recovery to guide the late oil field polymer injection development plan design [2].

In order to study the regularity of shear degradation of polymer solution, the artificial core is used to simulate the flow of polymer formation[1]. The influence of mass concentration, molecular weight and shear rate on the rheological of polymer solution is studied. And the stability of the polymer solution after degradation were analyzed through method of indoor simulation experiment Research shows that Polymer solution is degraded after shearing , the viscosity reduced and it will not rebound with the passage of time. When the solution was sheared through the porous medium, degradation rate increases with the increase of shear rate. Also it can be seen, in the case of the same concentration, the degradation rate increases with the increase of relative molecular mass. In the case of the same relative molecular mass, the degradation rate increases with the increase of the mass concentration.

We investigate native defect formation and migration in monoclinic zirconium dioxide using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The formation energies and transition levels of the native defects can be accurately described by employing nonlocal B3LYP hybrid functional. This methodology overcomes the band-gap problem in traditional functionals and renders the approach more predictive. By band alignments between the GaAs and the ZrO 2 , we are able to determine the position of defect levels in the GaAs relative to the ZrO 2 band gap and assess how they will affect the device performance. In addition, we also investigate diffusions of neutral and charged defects in ZrO 2 . It is found that O i is the one with the lowest migration barrier. Hence, this point defect is identified most dangerous in monoclinic ZrO 2 within the context of high-k gate dielectric application.

Double eyelidplasty can enhance the eye size and facial attractiveness of Asian individuals with single eyelids. The authors hypothesize that a supratarsal fold can induce an eye size assimilation illusion to enhance eye dimensions and aesthetics, and seek to define the optimum vertical proportion between a supratarsal fold and the eye fissure associated with maximal induction of the size assimilation illusion. A photometric study of the replicated photographs of ten female Taiwanese patients after double eyelidplasty was designed. Each photograph was edited by shifting the supratarsal folds vertically at a regular fold/eye ratio increment of 0.1. The perceived attractiveness of edited photographs of each patient was rated by 100 adult observers using a score of 1–5. The palpebral parameters were measured and analyzed. The mean rating score increased gradually when a supratarsal fold was added and peaked when the fold/eye ratio was 0.3 and the mean Chen’s double eyelid fold ratio was 0.631 ± 0.023. After the peak, the mean score decreased gradually and was lower than the photograph without a fold when the fold/eye ratio exceeded 0.5 and the mean Chen’s ratio exceeded 0.729 ± 0.027. Within the optimal ranges of the fold/eye ratio and Chen’s double eyelid fold ratio, eyes are perceived as larger and more attractive due to a hybrid presentation of two interdependent eye size assimilation illusions induced by a supratarsal fold in the brow–eye unit. “Chen’s double eyelid fold illusion” is proposed to describe this complex visual phenomenon. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

For the first time, the growth of Ni nanoparticles (NPs) was explored by plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique using NiCp2 and NH3 precursors. Influences of substrate temperature and deposition cycles on ALD Ni NPs were studied by field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. By optimizing the process parameters, high-density and uniform Ni NPs were achieved in the case of 280 °C substrate temperature and 50 deposition cycles, exhibiting a density of ~1.5 × 1012 cm−2 and a small size of 3~4 nm. Further, the above Ni NPs were used as charge storage medium of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin film transistor (TFT) memory, demonstrating a high storage capacity for electrons. In particular, the nonvolatile memory exhibited an excellent programming characteristic, e.g., a large threshold voltage shift of 8.03 V was obtained after being programmed at 17 V for 5 ms.

In this paper, Boxue village is taken as an typical example of Yangshan traditional volcanic villages, where regional features are well kept. Nowadays, under the policy background of creating Hainan “international tourism island”, the villagers are spontaneously constructing their hometown an ecological community for characteristic agricultural tourism, while protecting traditional village style. By introducing the process of village development planning design with the assistance of a professional team, the practical significance of this development model villages for traditional local volcanic protection and utilization is thought about.

Talking about Tibet, people will associate to the bright blue sky, white clouds float across the sky, the red sun and the Mani-stone-pile everywhere. All of these factors make people to get intimacy to Tibet, however, the factor that reflects its mysterious is the unique Tibetan architecture. The architectures mainly include the palace for royal families, the buildings for monks to living and practice, and the houses for ordinary people. The distribution of these architectures are scattered and ordered in Tibet, forming vivid and unique architecture scenery and environmental features. The authors will make a simple summary and brief analysis of Tibetan architecture.

With the deepening exploitation percent, underground water relations have become more complex and tap the oil field at stable yields is more and more difficult, thus make us develop in depth study about the remaining oil distribution become critical. The proved geological reserve is high and physical property is better in 402 block’s group CIII of Tazhong 4 Oilfield. Combined with current mining situation in TZ402CIII oil group and in order to proven the distribution of the remaining oil, we used common reservoir engineering methods, neutron lifetime logging data analysis over the years and sweep efficiency analysis from sealed coring wells to study in-depth current remaining oil distribution range in TZ402CIII oil group, which provide an important basis to further improve development effect, dig remaining oil, as well as secondary development and adjust tap the potential in TZ402CIII oil group.

Hailar oilfield Nantun Formation is a set of lacustrine sedimentation, the sedimentation dominated by gravity flow,the rock contains a lot of argillaceous components. This paper analyzes the content of mud in mud sandstone in Nantun Formation by means of X-ray diffractometer, the rock mechanics parameters were measured.The results show that mud content increases with the decrease of the young's modulus, mud content increases with the increase of the Poisson's ratio; at the same time, with the increasing of the shale content, the compressive strength of rock reduce, and the tensile strength showed increasing trend; different clay contents of mud sand rock stress strain relationship is not the same, when the clay content ≤20%, rock stress strain is elastic constitutive relation, the shale content 20%-30%, the stress-strain relationship is approximate to the ideal elastic-plastic, shale content ≥30%, stress strain relation of rock strain hardening and softening of two parts including plastic deformation. Fault mud sandstone first with increasing clay content decreases, when the rock is elastic plasticity, fracture little overall change.

Paced breathing is a frequently performed technique for cardiovascular autonomic studies. The relative timing of inspiration and expiration during paced breathing, however, is not consistent. We, therefore, examined whether indexes of heart rate variability and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity would be affected by the respiratory time ratio that is set. We studied 14 healthy young adults who controlled their breathing rates to either 0.1 or 0.25 Hz in the supine and sitting positions. Four different inspiratory-to-expiratory time ratios (I/E) (uncontrolled, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) were examined for each condition in a randomized order. The results showed spectral indexes of heart rate variability and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity were not influenced by the I/E that was set during paced breathing under supine and sitting positions. Porta's and Guzik's indexes of heart rate asymmetry were also not different at various I/E during 0.1-Hz breathing, but had larger values at 1:1 during 0.25-Hz breathing, although significant change was found in the sitting position only. At the same time, Porta's and Guzik's indexes obtained during 0.1-Hz breathing were greater than during 0.25-Hz breathing in both positions. The authors suggest that setting the I/E during paced breathing is not necessary when measuring spectral indexes of heart rate variability and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity under the conditions used in this study. The necessity of paced breathing for the measurement of heart rate asymmetry, however, requires further investigation.

ASP Flooding has a better displacement efficiency, but there is still a serious problem of wells scaling. Researched on formation mechanism and influence factors of silica scale in ASP flooding with alkali, the formation of silica scale is mainly due to the alkali dissolution reaction of reservoir rock to produce the soluble silicon ions and form silica scale in formation conditions. Laboratory experiments simulated formation mineralization aqueous solution, analyzed the morphology of silica scale by scanning electron microscopy, and studied the role played by calcium, magnesium, aluminum ion, polyacrylamide, surfactant. The experimental results show that: calcium, magnesium, aluminum ions, polyacrylamide, and surfactant can promote the formation of silica scale, and the morphology characteristics of silica scale are different.

East Xing Six District of Daqing oilfield development has 50 years of history, the block has entered high well density, high water cut stage. The apricot East Xing Six District demonstration zone development belongs to the continental sedimentary system, it has reservoir types and physical properties have large differences, It was long-term effected by injected water, after water flooding, water degree condition becomes very complex and unpredictable, so the washing condition analysis is an important guarantee for Daqing oilfield stable production. Using the oil field sealed coring well data, various types of reservoirs washing degree thickness change and growth are analyzed, We can know that with the further water flooding development and well pattern infilling, all kinds of oil reservoir production status; and then analyzes the potential distribution of the oilfields, and provides a basis for the development of the block and the adjustment of the next step of work, has an important guiding significance.

The sedimentary facies is the combination of the sediment which has some rules of lithological and construction characters and paleontological evidence. It characterizes the source direction and the strength degree of water dynamics. As the developmental situation of the reservoir of different sedimentary facies is different, the permeability, porosity and oil saturation is distinctive. The production is related to the sedimentary facies, this lead to the different production capacity of different sedimentary facies. The oil-producing capacity varies with the sedimentary facies of the reservoir. Therefore, different kinds of data of the reservoir must be analyzed with proper methods. This passage, using the single layers data and the well history data of 244 wells in M block of Daqing Oil Field, through the method of grey relation analysis theory, analyzes the influence of the sedimentary facies to the productivity of the production well. And the weight of different sedimentary facies to the oil productivity of the production well is confirmed. Also, the oil productivity of the production well is quantified.

Taking displacing pressure gradient and threshold pressure gradient into account, we have carried on a research of effective displacement theory in low permeability formation. Based on displacing pressure gradient expression of different production diverging/converging, we get displacing pressure gradient engraving when formational pressure, injection pressure, bottom hole producing pressure, and inter well distance is changing. And analyze its regular as well. On the basis of experimental result, establishing the relationship between threshold pressure gradient and displacing pressure gradient, and analyze the critical value of different pay zones for effective displacement. Study has shown that if we want to drive low permeability formation it is necessary that the displacing pressure gradient is larger than the threshold pressure gradient. It is the optimal choice for low permeability formations effective displacement that the well spacing should be smaller. It can achieve a goal that effective driving low permeability reservoir by the adjustment of taking measures and the injection-production pressure systems modulation. The study has important guiding significance for the development of low permeability formation, and it has got effective verification in oil field test.

Micro foam drilling fluid has irreplaceable advantages in reservoir protection, drilling speed, improve the cementing quality and leak plugging, especially suitable for the "three low" Daqing peripheral oilfield Haita area. Indoor the foaming agent, foam stabilizing agent were screened, Preferably choose the efficient composite foaming agent, stabilizer and thickener, the drilling fluid system is transformed into micro foam drilling fluid system. And evaluate the inhibition, anti temperature, anti pollution (anti clay, calcium, anti kerosene) reservoir protection capability, The micro foam drilling fluid leakage, oil reservoir protection, speed up mechanism and micro foam drilling fluid rheological characteristics were studied, Set up a specific rheological model of Micro Foam Drilling fluid, According to the characteristics of Gulong oilfield,R&D the calculation software of Micro Foam drilling fluid density changes with the temperature, pressure and provide guidance for safe drilling. Field application shows that the system has the advantages of simple preparation,convenient maintenance, easy transformation, drilling fluid properties can meet the requirements of drilling technology, To ensure the safe, fast, and high quality drilling of oil and gas,reduce pollution,improve the productivity of a single well.

To guide the potential tapping and carry out adjustment plan, the conventional mercury injection experimental data in coring well X is analyzed by Logistic Regression analysis in SPSS 18 software. The main influence factors on reservoir producing status in the data are screened, which are the main factors from the data on microscopic pore structure; the relationship between microscopic pore structure and producing status is analyzed by capillary pressure curve and water-washing data. The result shows that, the influence of microscopic pore structure on producing status of un-tabulated reservoir is more powerful than its influence on that of tabulated reservoir; the main factor on producing status in mercury injection data of tabulated reservoir is average pore radius, the main factors on producing status in mercury injection data of un-tabulated reservoir is pore distribution peak position, permeability distribution peak value and maximum withdrawal efficiency.