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Interactions between amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and the cell membrane include interaction with membrane lipids and binding to membrane receptors, both of which are considered to be the toxicity mechanisms of Aβ. However, it is unclear whether both mechanisms lead to cytotoxicity. Thus, we aimed to analyze these two mechanisms of Aβ42 interaction with cell membranes under different Aβ aggregation states. To this end, model membrane experiments were conducted. Quantitative analysis of Aβ42 monomers or oligomers bound to the membrane of neuro-2a cells was also performed, and laser confocal microscopy was employed to assess endocytosis of FITC-Aβ42 monomers or oligomers by neuro-2a cells. We found that the binding capacity of Aβ42 to membrane lipids was weak and that the amount of Aβ42 bound to membrane lipids was low. Moreover, clathrin-mediated endocytosis of Aβ42 oligomers by neuro-2a cells was observed. Endocytosis serves as a key mode of interaction between extracellular Aβ42 and neurons. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying Aβ oligomer metabolism.

Cervical nucleus segmentation is a crucial and challenging issue in automatic pathological diagnosis due to uneven staining, blurry boundaries, and adherent or overlapping nuclei in nucleus images. To overcome the limitation of current methods, we propose a multi-task network based on U-Net for cervical nucleus segmentation. This network consists of a primary task and an auxiliary task. The primary task is employed to predict nuclei regions. The auxiliary task, which predicts the boundaries of nuclei, is designed to improve the feature extraction of the main task. Furthermore, a context encoding layer is added behind each encoding layer of the U-Net. The output of each context encoding layer is processed by an attention learning module and then fused with the features of the decoding layer. In addition, a codec block is used in the attention learning module to obtain saliency-based attention and focused attention simultaneously. Experiment results show that the proposed network performs better than the state-of-the-art methods on the 2014 ISBI dataset, BNS, MoNuSeg, and our nucluesSeg dataset.

To explore the value of red cell distribution width (RDW), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and hemoglobin (Hb) A2 combined determination scheme for screening thalassemia.The RDW levels of thalassemia group and healthy control group were detected and compared. The efficiency of RDW for screening thalassemia was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The diagnostic cut-off value of RDW was also acquired by Youden index. Then, 3 groups for thalassemia screening scheme were set, including MCV+MCH+HBAThe RDW level in thalassemia group was significantly higher than that in healthy control group (P0.05). The diagnostic cut-off value for screening thalassemia was RDW15.15, when the Youden index was the biggest among all data. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, false negative rate and consistency rate of MCV+MCH+RDW(15.15)+HBAThe diagnostic cut-off value of RDW for thalassemia screening has been established. The group of MCV(82.0 fl)+MCH(27.0 pg)+HBARDW筛查地中海贫血诊断界值的建立及其与MCV、MCH、HBA探讨红细胞分布宽度（RDW）与红细胞平均体积（MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（MCH）、血红蛋白（Hb）A2联合筛查方案在地中海贫血（简称地贫）筛查中的应用价值.检测地贫患者和体检健康者（健康对照组）的RDW水平，比较两组RDW水平变化。绘制受试者工作曲线（ROC），计算约登指数，评价RDW的诊断性能，建立RDW筛查地贫诊断界值。另外选取621例疑似地贫患者，设置3组筛查方案，分别为MCV+MCH+HBA地贫患者RDW水平明显高于体检健康者（健康对照组），差异具有统计学意义（P0.05）。选用RDW15.15作为筛查地贫的诊断界值。MCV+MCH+RDW（15.15）+HBA建立了RDW筛查地贫的诊断界值，在MCV（82.0 fl）+MCH（27.0 pg）+HBA

CoFe2O4/activated carbon composite (CoFe2O4/AC) was prepared by a facile one-step low-temperature refluxing route. The obtained material was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area method and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques, respectively. The composite was tested as an adsorbent for the removal of gentian violet (GV). The adsorption process was investigated as the functions of ionic strength, temperature, solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial GV concentration. The equilibrium adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 184.2 mg g−1 at 303 K. The remarkable adsorption capacity of GV onto CoFe2O4/AC was attributed to strong π-π interaction and weak electrostatic attraction between GV and CoFe2O4/AC. The thermodynamic analysis suggested that the adsorption of GV on CoFe2O4/AC was a spontaneous, physical and endothermic process. The adsorption processes could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The whole adsorption process was jointly controlled by external mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion. Magnetic CoFe2O4/AC with adsorbed GV could be regenerated using acidic ethanol solution and was separable from liquid media using a magnetic field.

The Edmond hydrothermal field, located on the Central Indian Ridge (CIR), has a distinct mineralization history owing to its unique magmatic, tectonic, and alteration processes. Here, we report the detailed mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of hydrothermal metal sulfides recovered from this area. Based on the mineralogical investigations, the Edmond hydrothermal deposits comprise of high-temperature Fe-rich massive sulfides, medium-temperature Zn-rich sulfide chimney and low-temperature Ca-rich sulfate mineral assemblages. According to these compositions, three distinctive mineralization stages have been identified: (1) low-temperature consisting largely of anhydrite and pyrite/marcasite; (2) medium-high temperature distinguished by the mineral assemblage of pyrite, sphalerite and chalcopyrite; and (3) low-temperature stage characterized by the mineral assemblage of colloidal pyrite/marcasite, barite, quartz, anglesite. Several lines of evidence suggest that the sulfides were influenced by pervasive low-temperature diffuse flows in this area. The hydrothermal deposits are relatively enriched in Fe (5.99–18.93 wt%), Zn (2.10–10.00 wt%) and Ca (0.02–19.15 wt%), but display low Cu (0.28–0.81 wt%). The mineralogical varieties and low metal content of sulfides in the Edmond hydrothermal field both indicate that extensive water circulation is prevalent below the Edmond hydrothermal field. With regard to trace elements, the contents of Pb, Ba, Sr, As, Au, Ag, and Cd are significantly higher than those in other sediment-starved mid-ocean ridges, which is indicative of contribution from felsic rock sources. Furthermore, the multiphase hydrothermal activity and the pervasive water circulation underneath are speculated to play important roles in element remobilization and enrichment. Our findings deepen our understanding about the complex mineralization process in slow- to intermediate-spreading ridges globally.

NiFe2O4/polyaniline (PANI) magnetic composite was prepared by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of NiFe2O4 particles, where the NiFe2O4 particles were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The magnetic composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. The adsorption characteristics of the NiFe2O4/PANI composite were assessed by using alizarin red S (ARS) as an adsorbate. The adsorption process was investigated as the function of ionic strength, temperature, solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial ARS concentration. The equilibrium adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 186 mg g−1 at 303 K. The remarkable adsorption capacity of ARS onto NiFe2O4/PANI was attributed to stronger π-π interaction and weak electrostatic attraction between ARS and NiFe2O4/PANI. Kinetic studies indicated that ARS adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The whole adsorption process was jointly controlled by external mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) revealed that the adsorption of ARS on the NiFe2O4/PANI composite was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Magnetic NiFe2O4/PANI with adsorbed ARS could be regenerated using basic ethanol solution and was separable from liquid media using a magnetic field.

Public Functional Technologies Service quality improvement is the inevitable requirement to promote socialist cultural greater development and prosperity. The government's function, in the public culture service provision, is the key factor influencing the quality and quantity public of cultural service provision; the evaluation towards government public cultural service performance by constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system, can not only scientifically measure the objective level of public cultural service, but also promote the standardization and sustainable development. This paper, by the new public management theory, around the core idea of the service, constructing the public cultural service government performance evaluation index system, by using the partial least squares size model complex data table method, hopes to provide a theoretical reference for the construction of more comprehensive and more scientific index system of public cultural services by the evaluation system of our country's data analysis from 2009 to 2013.

In this paper, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was modified by methyl hydrogen silicone oil and gas hydrophobic silica, hydrophobic ammonium polyphosphate (HAPP) was prepared. Then, HAPP was separately mixed with starch and melamine were introduced into polypropylene as flame retardants to prepare polypropylene (PP) retardant materials. The hydrophobic retention was of HAPP above 90%. According to the results from testing its wettability, its contact angle was 140.69°, which was increased by about 120°compared with APP, and this indicated the HAPP had better hydrophobic properties than that of the unmodified. And a comprehensive analysis is conducted on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).The results showed that the surface of APP is coated with methyl hydrogen silicone fluid and gas hydrophobic silica. The limited oxygen index (LOI) of the flame retardant PP material is measured by the oxygen index tester, and at a total flame retardant loading of 33wt%, the LOI value of PP retardant materials can achieve 29%, indicating that this flame retardant can better make the PP into the stable charred layer, and improve the performance of the flame retardant PP material greatly.

Activated carbon/NiFe 2 O 4 (AC/NiFe 2 O 4 ) magnetic composite was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal synthesis method. This synthetic approach involves the mixing of aqueous solution of FeCl 3 and NiSO 4 with AC and aqueous NaOH to yield a mixture. The mixture was subsequently sealed and heated at 453 K for 10 h. The AC/NiFe 2 O 4 composites synthesized by the method mentioned above were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption isotherms, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Methyl orange (MO) dye was selected as a model of azo dyes to investigate the adsorption property of AC/NiFe 2 O 4 magnetic composite. The adsorption conditions including AC content, the pH and concentration of MO solution, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dosage and ionic strength were systematically investigated by batch adsorption experiments. The MO removal efficiencies could reach 93% in the first 2 min and 99% within 30 min at the temperature of 303 K. Several isotherm models were investigated and adsorption isotherm data fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model. The Langmuir isotherm model exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity q max of 182.82 mg g −1 at 303 K. The kinetic data were well described by pseudo-second-order model. The overall adsorption process was jointly controlled by external mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion, and intraparticle diffusion was the rate-dominating step. Thermodynamic parameters including Δ G o , Δ H o and Δ S o were calculated, suggesting that the adsorption of MO onto AC/NiFe 2 O 4 composite was spontaneous and endothermic process. Adsorption interactions of MO onto AC/NiFe 2 O 4 composite from aqueous solutions were investigated using FT-IR spectroscopy. The remarkable adsorption capacity of MO onto AC/NiFe 2 O 4 composite can be attributed to the hydrogen bonding interaction between MO and AC/NiFe 2 O 4 composite. Regeneration experiment showed that AC/NiFe 2 O 4 composite can be used as adsorbent for the removal of MO six times. The AC/NiFe 2 O 4 composite as adsorbent for MO were easily dispersed, separated and removed in an external applied magnet field, and can be more convenient for large scale applications than filtration or centrifugation separation route.

An overview is presented with regard to applications of visible and near infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy, multispectral imaging and hyperspectral imaging techniques for quality attributes measurement and variety discrimination of various fruit species, i.e., apple, orange, kiwifruit, peach, grape, strawberry, grape, jujube, banana, mango and others. Some commonly utilized chemometrics including pretreatment methods, variable selection methods, discriminant methods and calibration methods are briefly introduced. The comprehensive review of applications, which concentrates primarily on Vis/NIR spectroscopy, are arranged according to fruit species. Most of the applications are focused on variety discrimination or the measurement of soluble solids content (SSC), acidity and firmness, but also some measurements involving dry matter, vitamin C, polyphenols and pigments have been reported. The feasibility of different spectral modes, i.e., reflectance, interactance and transmittance, are discussed. Optimal variable selection methods and calibration methods for measuring different attributes of different fruit species are addressed. Special attention is paid to sample preparation and the influence of the environment. Areas where further investigation is needed and problems concerning model robustness and model transfer are identified.

DNA ploidy analysis of cells is an automation technique applied in pathological diagnosis. It is important for this technique to classify various nuclei images accurately. However, the lack of overlapping nuclei images in training data (imbalanced training data) results in low recognition rates of overlapping nuclei images. To solve this problem, a new method which synthesizes overlapping nuclei images with single-nuclei images is proposed. Firstly, sample selection is employed to make the synthesized samples representative. Secondly, random functions are used to control the rotation angles of the nucleus and the distance between the centroids of the nucleus, increasing the sample diversity. Then, the Lambert-Beer law is applied to reassign the pixels of overlapping parts, thus making the synthesized samples quite close to the real ones. Finally, all synthesized samples are added to the training sets for classifier training. The experimental results show that images synthesized by this method can solve the data set imbalance problem and improve the recognition rate of DNA ploidy analysis systems.

Dry waters with an average diameter of 82 μm were prepared by a high speed mixed route. The formaldehyde absorption kinetics of dry waters was investigated by simulating indoor formaldehyde pollution in glass chamber. The results showed that pseudo-second order model could be used to simulate the adsorption process; the adsorption rate was highest in the initial 60 minutes; when the adsorption lasted for 180 minutes, the adsorption reached equilibrium.

Stable and uniformly dispersive silver nanoparticles were prepared though reducing silver nitrate with polyvinylpyrrolidone. The effects of preparing conditions on the stability of silver nanoparticles were investigated. The results showed that the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of the silver nanoparticles was about 403nm. The silver nanoparticles remained stable for more than one month. Water, alkali solution and glucose could accelerate the reaction. The stability of the silver nanoparticles was increased by adding glucose.

Dry waters with ammonium biphosphate solution as core were prepared and used as fire extinguishing agent for the first time. The dry waters were near-spherical and had a size smaller than 200 μm. The fire suppression performance of the dry waters was higher than that of ABC powder. The dry waters with different core composition could be mixed and used as fire extinguishing agent.

The defoaming agent of silicone oil emulsion containing hydrophobic SiO2particles was prepared. The effect of different diameters of SiO2particles and amount of SiO2particles in the emulsion on the defoaming performance was studied, and the mechanism of defoaming was analyzed. The experimental results showed that when the amount of hydrophobic SiO2particles in the emulsion was 1%, the emulsion had good defoaming performance; The emulsion containing nanometer sized SiO2particles showed better defoaming performance than that of the emulsion containing micrometer sized SiO2particles.

The experience of countries and regions with developed cultural industries has shown that environment of gathering development could boost the cultural industries with distinctive character and good brand, which supports the development of the whole regional cultural industries. Gathering development could strongly bring the cultural industry stronger. This paper, on the current research situation of cultural industry agglomeration studying, introduces system dynamics theory into the research of cultural industry gathering, builds its model on system dynamics theory.

Foam is a thermodynamically unstable system, and the stability is the most important factor for the preparation and application of foams. In this paper, the effect of ZnO powders on the stability of the foams stabilized by sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS), hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and Polyethylene glycol tertoctyl phenyl ether (TritonX-100) was investigated. The results showed that ZnO powders have a synergistic effect with SDBS and CTAB. There is no synergy between ZnO powders and Triton X-100. The mechanism for the stabilizing effect of ZnO powders on the foams was discussed.

In the rapid development of urbanization, the expansion of city functions tends to be passive due to the influence of social leading benefit and public choice. Under such conditions, the development of city space is subject to fluctuation. With the new breakthrough in urbanization, the pattern, strategy and method of urbanization are gaining more attention. It is widely acknowledged in the academic circle to “promote the healthy development of urbanization by improving the quality of its development”. Taking Dacheng County in Hebei Province as an example, this paper will grasp the major factors of urbanization based on a comprehensive research of actual situation and put forward the proposition for a healthy development of urbanization. In this way, the author aims to provide some new thoughts in the successful transition of urbanization.

This paper studied the effect of temperature, single surface-active agent and anionic/non-ionic surface-active agents to the viscosity of sludge-sump oil, and ditermined the optimum process conditions by orthogonal experiment. The result showed that the viscosity of sludge-sump iol reduced with the increase of temperature when below 50°C, then the viscosity decreased slowly when the temperature is above 50°C. The optimum conditions obtained by orthogonal experiment were: OP-10 0.6%, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) 0.3% and water content 35%. The viscosity reduction rate was about 98.80%.

It is a complicated process to adjust the tensile forces of cables to their target forces in the practical tensioning construction of prestressed space reticulated structure. In this paper a calculation method for whole-process analysis of the multi-stage and multi-batch tensioning construction is presented to improve the tensioning efficiency. By diminishing the difference between the actual tensile forces of the cables and their target values gradually, the initial strains of the cables for tensioning in construction can be obtained. All the cables can reach to their target values one time if they are stretched to the calculated initial strains in accordance with the predetermined tensioning sequence. The analysis on a prestressed spherical reticulated mega-structure with span of 150m is carried out; the results indicate that this method is feasible in practice.

Development of multi-story and high-rise steel three-dimensional (3D) garages is an effective way to solve the parking problem in modern cities. In this paper, several types of multi-story and high-rise steel 3D garages are presented. The structural configurations and design parameters of the 3D garages, such as structural planar layout, storey height and limit value of horizontal displacement, are analyzed. Then the economic performances of the steel 3D garages are compared and their suitable storey numbers are obtained.

For the cylindrical intersecting-latticed-three-dimensional-beams-system (ILTDBS) reticulated mega-structure with single-layer latticed shell substructures, which is an innovative super-long-span structure, the structural configuration is first introduced in this paper. And then to improve the calculation efficiency, a simplified analytical method of combining super element and substructure is presented and studied in detail. In this method the latticed three-dimensional beams (spatial truss) of the main structure are regarded as super element with three generalized nodes, and the substructures embedded in the large grids of the main structure are disposed by static condensation method, i.e. substructure method. The super element stiffness matrix and the stiffness contribution of the substructures to the whole structure are developed. Numerical example shows that the calculation time of the presented method decreases significantly in comparison with the conventional finite element method, and the comparatively accurate results are obtained. In addition, the substructures' participation in bearing loads cooperatively with the main structure can also be considered in this method. So it is a good method with high efficiency and precision for analysis of the ILTDBS reticulated mega-structure with single-layer latticed shell substructures.

Nanodiamonds coated with polystyrene were prepared by in-situ latex polymerization using azobisisobutylonitrile as initiator in alcohol-water solution. The products were characterized by transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric and differential thermal analysis and Fourier transformation infrared spectrum. A possible formation mechanism and the structure of products were proposed. The experimental evaluation of wettability performance showed that the hydrophobicity of nanodiamond have been enhanced with the wrapping of polystyrene films on the surface of nanodiamond particles.

Green’s functions for transversely isotropic thermoelastic biomaterials are established in the paper. We first express the compact general solutions of transversely isotropic thermoelastic material in terms of harmonic functions and introduce six new harmonic functions. The three-dimensional Green’s function having a concentrated heat source in steady state is completely solved using these new harmonic functions. The analytical results show some new phenomena of temperature and stress distributions at the interface. The temperature contours are normal to the interface for the isotropic material but not for the orthotropic one. The normal stress contours are parallel to the interface at the boundary in the isotropic region only and shear failure is most likely at the heat source due to the highly degenerated direction of shear stress contours.