Search

The ability to effectively detect bacterial infection in human tissues is important for the timely treatment of the infection. However, traditional techniques fail to visualize bacterial species adhered to host cells

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is characterized by myofascial trigger points and fascial constrictions. At present, domestic and foreign scholars have not reached a consensus on the etiology and pathogenesis of MPS. Due to the lack of specific laboratory indicators and imaging evidence, there is no unified diagnostic criteria for MPS, making it easy to confuse with other diseases. The Chinese Association for the Study of Pain organized domestic experts to formulate this Chinese Pain Specialist Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of MPS. This article reviews relevant domestic and foreign literature on the definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnostic criteria and treatments of MPS. The consensus is intended to normalize the diagnosis and treatment of MPS and be used by first-line doctors, including pain physicians to manage patients with MPS.

Lumbar disc herniation is a common disease in the clinical context and does great harm to either the physical or mental health of patients suffering from this disease. Many guidelines and consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation have been published domestically and internationally. According to the expert consensus, clinicians could adopt tailored and personalized diagnosis and treatment management strategies for lumbar disc herniation patients.

Senescence and change of differentiation direction in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are two of the most important causes of age-related bone loss. As an important post-transcriptional regulatory pathway, alternative splicing (AS) regulates diversity of gene expression. However, the role of AS in BMSCs during aging remains poorly defined. Here we identify AS in specific genes disrupt gene expression pattern and result in age-related debility of BMSCs. We demonstrate the deficiency of splicing factor Y-box protein 1 (YBX1) result in mis-splicing in genes such as Fn1, Taz, Sirt2 and Sp7, further contributing to senescence and shift in differentiation direction of BMSCs during aging. Deletion or over-expression of YBX1 in BMSCs accelerate bone loss or stimulate bone formation in mice. Notably, we identify a small compound sciadopitysin which attenuate the degradation of YBX1 and attenuate bone loss in old mice. Our study demonstrates elaborately controlled RNA splicing governs cell fate of BMSCs and provides a potential therapeutic target for age-related osteoporosis.SummaryThis study demonstrates that YBX1 deficiency induces pre-mRNA mis-splicing and causes senescence and shift in differentiation direction of BMSCs and further accelerates aging-related bone loss. This study identifies Sciadopitysin could reverse this process by targeting YBX1.

Spinal pain (SP) is a common condition that has a major negative impact on a patient's quality of life. Recent developments in ultrasound-guided injections for the treatment of SP are increasingly being used in clinical practice. This clinical expert consensus describes the purpose, significance, implementation methods, indications, contraindications, and techniques of ultrasound-guided injections. This consensus offers a practical reference point for physicians to implement successfully ultrasound-guided injections in the treatment of chronic SP.

In the study, rubber accelerator 3-methylthiazolidine-2-thione (MTT) was synthesized by one-step method firstly. MTT was detected and characterized by XRD, FTIR, TG-DSC. The micro-structure and intrinsic regularity were revealed. Chemical bond types into MTT molecule were revealed by FTIR. MTT phase composition and structure were given by crystallographic data from XRD detecting such as cell parameters, crystal face index. The phase composition and qualitative identification of MTT structure were completed. Two kinds of information were detected by TG-DSC as quality change and thermal effect. MTT phase transition and decomposition temperature were 76.3 and 306.9 ℃ respectively. The decomposition temperature of MTT was very high. It could provided reference with research on rubber vulcanizing properties by MTT on rubber vulcanizing machine. This study can provide the basis experimental data on the enterprises to designate the working standard tracing detection of MTT industrialized production. Performance index of MTT was judged.

To promote the detection efficiency of combine harvester chassis frame welding deformation, a weld deformation detection system was coming up in this paper to automatically detect the weld deformation of combine harvester chassis frame. The system assessed weld deformation according to flatness and parallelism of the specific plane of combine harvester chassis frame. Two high-precision laser sensors were mounted on broadside of a gantry to measure the parallelism of the chassis frame, and another two laser sensors were mounted on top of the gantry to measure the flatness of the chassis frame. The analogue signal from the laser sensors was collected by a data acquisition instrument. Two step motors were mounted on a liner guide placed at bottom of the gantry to drive the chassis frame to specific measurement positions. A software developed by LabWindows/CVI@ accomplished human interaction besides of controlling the step motors, reading the laser sensors via data acquisition instrument, and displaying the flatness and parallelism. A serial of testing showed the system could measure the flatness and parallelism of the chassis frame automatically, and meet the needs of combine harvester chassis frame weld deformation prediction.

The efflux activity of transmembrane P-glycoprotein prevents various therapeutic drugs from reaching lethal concentrations in cancer cells, resulting in multidrug resistance. We investigated whether drug resistant bladder cancer cells could transfer functional P-glycoprotein to sensitive parental cells.Drug sensitive BIU-87 bladder cancer cells were co-cultured for 48 hours with BIU-87/ADM, a doxorubicin resistant derivative of the same cell line, in a Transwell® system that prevented cell-to-cell contact. The presence of P-glycoprotein in recipient cell membranes was established using fluorescein isothiocyanate, laser scanning confocal microscopy and Western blot. P-glycoprotein mRNA levels were compared between cell types. Rhodamine 123 efflux assay was done to confirm that P-glycoprotein was biologically active.The amount of P-glycoprotein protein in BIU-87 cells co-cultured with BIU-87/ADM was significantly higher than in BIU-87 cells (0.44 vs 0.25) and BIU-87/H33342 cells (0.44 vs 0.26, each p0.001), indicating P-glycoprotein transfer. P-glycoprotein mRNA expression was significantly higher in BIU-87/ADM cells than in co-cultured BIU-87 cells (1.28 vs 0.30), BIU-87/H33342 (0.28) and BIU-87 cells (0.25, each p0.001), ruling out a genetic mechanism. After 30 minutes of efflux, rhodamine 123 fluorescence intensity was significantly lower in BIU-87/ADM cells (5.55 vs 51.45, p = 0.004) and co-cultured BIU-87 cells than in BIU-87 cells (14.22 vs 51.45, p0.001), indicating that P-glycoprotein was functional.Bladder cancer cells can acquire functional P-glycoprotein through a nongenetic mechanism that does not require direct cell contact. This mechanism is consistent with a microparticle mediated process.

A 1-D polymeric copper(II) complex alternately bridged by N,N′-bis(N-hydroxyethylaminopropyl)oxamide (heap2−) and terephthalate (tpa2−), [Cu2(heap)(tpa)] n , has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure reveals that the asymmetric unit of the copper(II) polymer is half a dinuclear copper(II) complex, [Cu2(heap)(tpa)], in which Cu(II) is located in a square-pyramidal coordination environment. Separations of Cu(II) through heap2− and tpa2− bridges are 5.2459(6) and 11.1375(6) A, respectively. The complex chains, accompanied with glide planes parallel to the a0c plane, can be classified to two groups according to their extending direction. Hydrogen bonds occur between a complex chain and any adjacent ones in the other orientation. Consequently, a 3-D supramolecular network is completed. The polymeric copper(II) complex exhibits potent anticancer activities against human hepatocellular carcinoma cell SMMC-7721 and human lung adenocarcinoma cell A549 tested ...

Two complexes of general formula, [M(DABTA)]NO3 [M = CuII (1) or NiII (2), DABTA = N,N′-(4,4′-bithiazole-2,2′-diyl)diacetimidamide], have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductivity measurements, IR and electronic spectra studies and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures show that the two complexes have similar molecular structures in which each metal atom has a square-planar coordination environment. Hydrogen bonding interactions link each complex into a 2-D infinite network. The DNA-binding properties and cytotoxicities of the complexes were investigated. The results suggest that the two complexes can interact with DNA by intercalation, with binding affinities following the order of 1 > 2, which is consistent with their in vitro cytotoxicities.

A new one-dimensional polymeric copper(II) complex, [Cu2(bhpox)(phen)]+n·nClO4−·nH2O, where bhpox3− and phen stand for N-benzoate-N′-[3-(2-hydroxyethylammino)propyl]oxamide and 1,10-phenanthroline, respectively, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity measurement, IR and electronic spectra studies, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/c with crystallographic data: a = 13.8500(2) A, b = 13.3321(2) A, c = 15.8532(2) A, and Z = 4. In the crystal structure, the cation [Cu2(bhpox)(phen)]nn+ exhibits a one-dimensional zigzag-like structure for copper(II) ions alternately bridged by cis-oxamido and carboxylato groups, with the Cu⋯Cu separations of 5.1928(4) and 5.5240(5) A, respectively. Each copper(II) ion is located in a slightly distorted square–pyramidal environment. Hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions contribute to a three-dimensional supramolecular structure in the crystal. The interactions between the copper(II) complex and herring sperm DNA (HS-DNA) have been investigated by using electronic absorption titration, fluorescence titration, electrochemical titration and viscometry. All the experiments reveal that the copper(II) complex interacts with HS-DNA in the mode of intercalation with the intrinsic binding constant Kb = 2.67 × 104 M−1. The copper(II) complex exhibits potent anticancer activities against human hepatocellular carcinoma cell SMMC-7721 and human lung adenocarcinoma cell A549.

Pseudo ternary phase diagrams of bmimPF6/Tween80/fatty acid/toluene systems were constructed with different linear-chain fatty acid. The results demonstrated that when surfactant/fatty acid weight ratio increased, the microemulsion domain became larger, but was less than that in the absence of fatty acid. Moreover, the different chain length of fatty acid affected the extent of microemulsion region, and medium-chain length of fatty acid maximized the single-phase area of bmimPF6-based microemulsion. In addition, the influence on the microstructure of the single-phase area in the different linear-chain length fatty acids was conducted by studying the electrical conductivity behavior. Preliminary investigation suggested that the O/IL (oil /ionic liquid) microemulsion in the presence of C5H11COOH and the IL/O (ionic liquid/oil) microemulsion in the presence of C3H7COOH were max.

Background Recent advances have indicated a complex interplay between the autonomic nervous system and the innate immune system. Targeting neural networks for the treatment of sepsis is being developed as a therapeutic strategy. Because electroacupuncture at select acupoints can modulate activities of the autonomic nervous system, we tested the hypothesis that electroacupuncture at specific acupoints could modulate systemic inflammatory responses and improve survival via its impact on the autonomic nervous system in a rat model of sepsis. Methods Sprague-Dawley male rats received electroacupuncture for 45 min before and at 1, 2, or 4 h after a lethal dose of intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide injection (6 mg/kg). Outcomes included survival and systemic cytokine responses. Also, the possible roles of neural circuitry, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the autonomic nervous system, were evaluated. Results Electroacupuncture pretreatment at the Hegu acupoints significantly attenuate systemic inflammatory responses and improve survival rate from 20% to 80% in rats with lethal endotoxemia. Such a site-specific effect requires the activation of muscarinic receptors in the central nervous system, but not increasing central sympathetic tone. In the periphery synergistic, rather than independent, action of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems is also necessary. Conclusions Electroacupuncture pretreatment has a dramatic survival-enhancing effect in rats with lethal endotoxemia, which involves the activation of efferent neural circuits of the autonomic nervous system (e.g., cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway). This approach could be developed as a prophylactic treatment for sepsis or perioperative conditions related to excessive inflammation.

Boric acid (H3BO3) was an inexpensive, efficient and mild catalyst for the synthesis of n-butyl salicylate from salicylic acid and n-butanol, the esterifcation process conditions were optimized, the experimental results showed that the new process used small amount of boric acid catalyst, got higher target product yield, thus reduced the cost of production.

A new automatic calibration system for electronic scale with image identification is developed. The system is composed with mechanical part, pneumatic components, PLC, USB camera and computer. Labview is the developing platform with user interface, PLC is controlled by Labview via OPC configuration to load or unload the standard weights, image machine vision technology is used to automatic recognize the LED char displayed on electronic scale.

Combine harvester is one of the most complex agricultural machinery during field operation. To obtain maximal capacity and better performance, a controller area network (CAN bus) based monitor system was constructed and tested. The prototype system consists of a series of microcontroller driven nodes to collect on board information. In each node, an embedded controller was utilized to perform the data acquisition and communication task. The developed software could accomplish multiple tasks including data acquisition, information exchange and data storage at a frequency of 1 Hz. The developed system could be further extended for fault diagnosis and control.

A novel 2D sheet-like copper(II) complex formulated [Cu6(trans-oxen)3(μ3-OH)2(H2O)2]n-(ClO4) 4n . 2nH2O (1), where H2oxen is N,N’-bis(2-aminoethyl)oxamide, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV–visible spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 crystallizes in triclinic space group P-1 with crystallographic data: a = 10.299(2) A, b = 10.833(2) A, c = 11.781(2) A, α = 69.95(3)°, β = 81.10(3)°, γ = 62.44(3)°, and Z = 2. In the crystal structure, the cation [Cu6(trans-oxen)3(μ3-OH)2(H2O)2] n 4n+ exhibits a two-dimensional sheet-like structure for Cu(II) ions bridged both by trans-oxen and hydroxyl groups. Each Cu(II) ion is located in a slightly distorted square-pyramidal environment. The hydroxyl group bridges three [Cu(oxen)Cu]2+ dications in which one oxen2− is μ2-bridge while the other two act as never before reported μ4-bridge. Perchlorate anions and H2O molecules are inserted between the sheets and bridge the 2D cations via N–H···O and O–H···O hydrogen bonds to form an infinite three-dimensional system. The cyclic voltammetric behavior of 1 and the influence of counter ions on structure are preliminarily investigated.

In this study, a new μ-oxamido-bridged binuclear copper(II) complex [Cu2(heap)(H2O)2](pic)2 ⋅ 2H2O, where heap and pic stand for the anion of N,N′-bis(N-hydroxyethylaminopropyl)oxamide and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, respectively, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV, molar conductance, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex has an embedded inversion center at the middle of the C–C bond of the oxamido group. Each copper(II) is in a square-pyramidal coordination geometry. The bridging ligand (heap) adopts a bis-tetradentate trans conformation and the oxamido group is in an imidic acid configuration. Hydrogen bonds contribute to a 3-D supramolecular structure in the crystal. The interaction of the binuclear complex with herring sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (HS-DNA) has been investigated by using absorption and emission spectra, electrochemical techniques, and viscometry. The results suggest that the binuclear copper(II) complex interacts with HS-DNA by electrostatic inter...

A novel one-dimensional copper(II) complex formulated as [Cu2(dmaeoxd)(ox)] n ·nH2O (dmaeoxd = N,N′-bis[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]oxamide, ox = oxalate), which represents the first coordination polymer alternately bridged by oxalate and oxamidate ligands, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurement and IR spectra. The single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that the [Cu2(dmaeoxd)]2+ building blocks are bridged by oxalate groups to form a neutral 1-D coordination polymer, which involves hydrogen bonds with lattice water molecules and results in a three dimensional supermolecular structure. The voltammetric studies of the copper(II) polymer with DNA interaction are preliminarily investigated.

Cerebral ischemic insult, mainly induced by cardiovascular disease, is one of the most severe neurological diseases in clinical. There's mounting evidence showing that delta opioid agonist [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) has a tissue-protective effect. However, whether this property is effective to prevent neuronal death induced by forebrain ischemia is not clear. This study was aimed to investigate whether intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of DADLE has a neuroprotective effect against forebrain ischemia in rats. We found in our study that administration of DADLE 45 min before forebrain ischemia had significant protective effect against CA1 neuronal lose. Further more, we found that DADLE had a dose-dependent protection for improving behavioral retardation revealed by Morris water maze and motor score test, while naltrindole, the antagonist of delta opioid receptor, partially abolished neuroprotective effect of DADLE, which implicated that both opioid and non-opioid systems are involved in ischemic insults and neuroprotection.

Six new iron(III) binuclear complexes have been synthesized and characterized, namely [Fe2(CA)L4](ClO4)4 [L denotes 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy); 1,10-phenanthroline (phen); 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (Me2bpy); 5-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Me-phen); 5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline (Cl-phen) and 5-nitro-1,10-phenantroline (NO2-phen)], where CA represents the dianion of chloranilic acid. Based on elemental analyses, molar conductivity and magnetic moment measurements, and spectroscopic studies, it is proposed that these complexes have CA-bridged structures and consist of two iron(III) ions in a distorted octahedral environment. The complexes [Fe2(CA)(bpy)4](ClO4)4 (1) and [Fe2(CA)(phen)4](ClO4)4 (2) were characterized by variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements (4–300 K) and the observed data were successfully simulated by the equation based on the spin Hamiltonian operator, H = − 2J S 1 · S Pin2 , giving the exchange integral J = −2.1 cm−1 for (1) and J = −5.8 cm−1 for (2). This result indicates that there is a weak antiferromagnetic spin-exchange interaction between two of the Fe(III) ions within each molecule.

Hemodilution is a commonly used technique in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulation arrest (DHCA). Our previous study showed that lower hematocrit aggravated the brain injury after DCHA. Because the excitatory amino acids are critical pathways of ischemic neuronal damage, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of different degrees of hemodilution on the excitatory amino acid content in different brain areas after DHCA Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: group I hematocrit (Hct) 10% (H1), group II Hct 20% (H2), group III Hct 30% (H3), and control group (C). All animals except those in the control group underwent DHCA at 18°C for 90 minutes. Different degrees of hemodilution were accomplished by changing the composition and volume of the priming solution used in CPB. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the concentration of glutamate (Glu), aspartate (Asp), glycine (Gly), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and taurine (Tau) in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus. We found that the concentration of these five amino acids in the hippocampus and cortex were all increased after DHCA. Glu, Asp, and Gly in the hippocampus and cortex were significantly lower in the Hct 30% group than in the other two groups (p

Summary Introduction The delta opioid peptide [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE) plays a key role in neuronal protection against both hypoxic and ischemic conditions. However, the cellular mechanisms of action of DADLE under these conditions remain unclear. Methods Ischemia was simulated with perfusing the brain slices with glucose-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Apoptosis was examined using an in situ cell death detection kit and expressed as the percentage of positively labeled neurons relative to total number of neurons. PCR was performed by adding cDNA, 5 pm dNTP, 1 μL Taqase, and primers. PCR products were separated with electrophoresis, stained with ethidium bromide, and visualized under ultraviolet light. Aims To investigate the potential effects of DADLE in an ex vivo model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Results DADLE attenuated lactic dehydrogenase release and neuronal apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. The protective effects of DADLE were attenuated by representative selective delta2, but not delta1 opioid antagonists. Treatment with PD98059, a selective inhibitor of ERK kinase (MEK), also blocked the protective effect of DADLE as well as ERK phosphorylation induced by DADLE. Conclusions Endogenous opioid peptides could promote cell survival via delta2 opioid receptors, possibly through the downstream MEK-ERK pathway.

Two new circular tetranuclear copper(II) complexes, [Cu(4)(dmoxba)(2)(bpy)(2)(CH(3)OH)(2)](pic)(2)·2H(2)O (1) and [Cu(4)(dmoxba)(2)(phen)(2)](pic)(2)·2CH(3)OH (2), where dmoxba, pic, bpy and phen stand for the anion of 2-{N'-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]oxamido}benzoate, picrate, 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline, respectively, have been synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Both the complexes have embedded inversion centers and similar complex cations assembled by the oxamide-bridges and carboxylate-bridges of two cis-dmoxba(3-) ligands. The Cu···Cu separations through the oxamide-bridge and the carboxylato-bridge are 5.1991(4) and 5.4674(4) A in 1 and 5.1843(5) and 5.2138(5) A in 2, respectively. Both copper(II) ions are in square-pyramidal environments in 1. While in complex 2, the inner and exo copper(II) ions have square-planar and square-pyramidal coordination geometries, respectively. In both the crystals, three-dimensional supramolecular structures are formed by hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions. The DNA-binding properties and anticancer activities of the two complexes were investigated. The results suggest that the two complexes interact with HS-DNA in the mode of intercalation with the intrinsic binding constants 5.0×10(4) M(-1) (1) and 6.7×10(4) M(-1) (2). The influence of structural variation of the terminal ligands in the tetranuclear complexes on DNA-binding properties is preliminarily discussed.

To investigate the relationship of susceptibility loci in chromosomes 1q21-25 and 6p21-25 and schizophrenia subtypes in Chinese population.A genomic scan and parametric and non-parametric analyses were performed on 242 individuals from 36 schizophrenia pedigrees, including 19 paranoid schizophrenia and 17 undifferentiated schizophrenia pedigrees, from Henan province of China using 5 microsatellite markers in the chromosome region 1q21-25 and 8 microsatellite markers in the chromosome region 6p21-25, which were the candidates of previous studies. All affected subjects were diagnosed and typed according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revised (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000). All subjects signed informed consent.In chromosome 1, parametric analysis under the dominant inheritance mode of all 36 pedigrees showed that the maximum multi-point heterogeneity Log of odds score method (HLOD) score was 1.33 (α = 0.38). The non-parametric analysis and the single point and multi-point nonparametric linkage (NPL) scores suggested linkage at D1S484, D1S2878, and D1S196. In the 19 paranoid schizophrenias pedigrees, linkage was not observed for any of the 5 markers. In the 17 undifferentiated schizophrenia pedigrees, the multi-point NPL score was 1.60 (P= 0.0367) at D1S484. The single point NPL score was 1.95(P= 0.0145) and the multi-point NPL score was 2.39 (P= 0.0041) at D1S2878. Additionally, the multi-point NPL score was 1.74 (P= 0.0255) at D1S196. These same three loci showed suggestive linkage during the integrative analysis of all 36 pedigrees. In chromosome 6, parametric linkage analysis under the dominant and recessive inheritance and the non-parametric linkage analysis of all 36 pedigrees and the 17 undifferentiated schizophrenia pedigrees, linkage was not observed for any of the 8 markers. In the 19 paranoid schizophrenias pedigrees, parametric analysis showed that under recessive inheritance mode the maximum single-point HLOD score was 1.26 (α = 0.40) and the multi-point HLOD was 1.12 (α = 0.38) at D6S289 in the chromosome 6p23. In nonparametric analysis, the single-point NPL score was 1.52 (P= 0.0402) and the multi-point NPL score was 1.92 (P= 0.0206) at D6S289.Susceptibility genes correlated with undifferentiated schizophrenia pedigrees from D1S484, D1S2878, D1S196 loci, and those correlated with paranoid schizophrenia pedigrees from D6S289 locus are likely present in chromosome regions 1q23.3 and 1q24.2, and chromosome region 6p23, respectively.

A novel dissymmetrical N,N'-bis(substituted)oxamide ligand, N-(2-aminopropyl)-N'-(2-oxido- phenyl)oxamide (H(3)apopoxd) (L), and its three bicopper(II) complexes, [Cu(2)(apopoxd)(bpy)]- (ClO(4))·H(2)O (1), [Cu(2)(apopoxd)(dabt)](ClO(4))·2H(2)O (2), and [Cu(2)(apopoxd)(phen)(2)](ClO(4)) (3) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; dabt = 2,2'-diamino-4,4'-bithiazole; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) have been synthesized and characterized. The crystal structures of the three bicopper(II) complexes have been determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. In complexes 1 and 2, the cis-apopoxd(3-) ligands bridge two copper(II) ions in square-planar geometries with the corresponding separations of 5.1868(3) and 5.2016(4) Å, respectively. While in complex 3, the apopoxd(3-) ligand adopting a trans conformation bridges the two copper(II) ions in distorted square-pyramid environments with a Cu · · · Cu distance of 5.2508(7) Å. The anticancer activities and DNA-binding properties of L and the three complexes were investigated.

A global optimization method for discussing quasi-optical power combiner of solid-state millimeter-wave source is provided. The device we use operate at about 150 GHz and GaAs Gunn diodes are chosen here as active sources arranged in a planar matrix of N×N (N-3,5,..., 2k+1, where h is positive integer). The best array and the location of the active elements in the source-array plane which is the surface of one reflector we will discribe later can be given by global optimization, where the radio frequency power can reach sixfold to ninefold larger than the total sum of the individual diode power.

Rolling bearing is a very important comment for mechanical system. The traditional measurement method is using time domain analysis and frequency domain analysis with mechanical vibration theory. However, these methods are very difficult to precisely diagnose the rolling bearing fault. Demodulated resonance technology is an effective method to diagnose bearing fault. In this paper, the realization of demodulated resonance technology is described in detail. It includes three important aspects: design of filter, envelope demodulation and spectrum zooming. Hilbert transform is an effective solution to envelope demodulation. Based on this theory, the PC controlled experimental device for fault diagnosis was built up. The ball bearing of type 6201 was measured on the experimental device, and the applications software was programmed by VC++, which had the functions of real-time monitoring, spectral analysis (FFT), digital filtering and zoom-FFT etc. So this system can get fault characteristic from the vibration speed signal with big noise and automatically identify the type of fault. The types included the fault of inner ring, outer ring and rolling element. Results showed that it has a remarkable effect on bearing fault diagnosis, and it had many advantages such as high precision, high degree of automatic measurement.

Aim: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of propofol and its intracellular mechanism on neurons in vitro . Methods: Cell viability was determined with 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide reduction. Apoptotic cell death was determined by Hoechst 33258 staining and a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The caspase-3 activity was measured by fluorometric assay. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation was detected with Western blotting. Results: The pretreatment of rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 with propofol (1-10 mumol/L) resulted in a significant recovery from hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced cell death and the inhibition of H 2 O 2 induced caspase-3 activation and PC12 cell apoptosis. Propofol inhibited the H 2 O 2 -induced p38 MAP kinase, but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 activations. Conclusion: Propofol might attenuate H 2 O 2 -induced PC 12 cell death through the inhibition of signaling pathways mediated by the p38 MAP kinase.

The design techniques of actuating signal source in capacitive displacement transducer measurement system is used for designing a group of multiphase modulation signal source, which generates the multiphase linear light source actuating signal for grating measurement system, after the emitted multiphase modulating light signal is modulated by a scale grating, it is received by a photoelectric component and a compound electrical signal is obtained. Another electrical signal is obtained after processed by circuit, whose frequency is same as the fundamental frequency of actuating signal source, the movement distance x of scale grating can be obtained by detecting the change of phase difference between two electrical signals. Sub-micron or nanometer-level measurement resolution is reached by organically integrating the capacitive displacement transducer and grating measurement technology, by increasing the subdivision number of phase detecting circuit, and by decreasing the point distance of linear light source.

Niuhuang Jiedu tablets were digested with HNO3-H2O2 system by microwave digestion. The fourteen trace elements of As, Ca, Mg, Al, Mn, Sr, Ba, Se, Ni, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mo and Pb in the solution were determined by ICP-AES. The ICP-AES result proved to be reliable by adding standard recovery experiment to the process. By comparison with the result of chemical experiment, thr present method was accurate, quickly-accessible, and convenient. It was used for Niuhuang Jiedu tablets with result satisfactory.

The calculation of Available Transfer Capability (ATC) has become an important part of the research in the electricity market. Compared with other methods, the algorithm of ATC based on distributed optimal power flow can dispose the resources superiorly (its objective function is the minimum cost of production in the total electric system) and is advantageous to maintains the lower electrovalence level, but it has some flaws. This paper utilize distribution algorithm of ATC to solve the problems of long time computation and needing all of network parameters in the dispersible large-scale electricity market environment. Finally, we give a simulation of example, the simulation shows that this method is fast and has a good convergence property. (7 pages)

Introduction The study sought to assess the feasibility and accuracy of measuring mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) through the left main bronchus (SpO2trachea) Methods Twenty hybrid pigs of each sex were studied. After anesthesia, a Robertshaw double-lumen tracheal tube with a single-use pediatric pulse oximeter attached to the left lateral surface was introduced toward the left main bronchus of the pig by means of a fibrobronchoscope. Measurements of SpO2trachea and oxygen saturation from pulmonary artery samples (SvO2blood) were performed with an intracuff pressure of 0 to 60 cmH2O. After equilibration, hemorrhagic shock was induced in these pigs by bleeding to a mean arterial blood pressure of 40 mmHg. With the intracuff pressure maintained at 60 cmH2O, SpO2trachea and SvO2blood were obtained respectively during the pre-shock period, immediately after the onset of shock, 15 and 30 minutes after shock, and 15, 30, and 60 minutes after resuscitation. Results SpO2trachea was the same as SvO2blood at an intracuff pressure of 10, 20, 40, and 60 cmH2O, but was reduced when the intracuff pressure was zero (p < 0.001 compared with SvO2blood) in hemodynamically stable states. Changes of SpO2trachea and SvO2blood corresponded with varieties of cardiac output during the hemorrhagic shock period. There was a significant correlation between the two methods at different time points. Conclusion Measurement of the left main bronchus SpO2 is feasible and provides similar readings to SvO2blood in hemodynamically stable or in low saturation states. Tracheal oximetry readings are not primarily derived from the tracheal mucosa. The technique merits further evaluation.

To investigate the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHA/collagen) composite as a graft extender and enhancer when combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on lumbar intertransverse fusion in rabbits.Sixty-four adult female New Zealand white rabbits, aged 1 year and weighing 3.5-4.5 kg, underwent similar posterolateral intertransverse process arthrodesis and were randomly divided into 4 groups based on different grafts: autogenous cancellous bone alone (ACB group), nHA/collagen alone (HAC group), half autogenous cancellous bone and half nHA/collagen (ACB+HAC group) and nHA/collagen combined with rhBMP-2 (HAC+BMP group). The fusion masses were analyzed by manual palpation, radiography, biomechanical testing and histological examination.Fusion was observed in 4 cases in the 6th week and in 5 cases in the 10th week after surgery in ACB group. No case showed fusion in HAC group. In ACB+HAC group, there was fusion in 3 cases in the 6th week and in 4 cases in the 10th week after surgery. In HAC+BMP group, fusion in 1 case was found in the 4th week, in 5 cases in the 6th week and in 6 cases in the 10th week after surgery. It suggested that ACB, ACB+HAC and HAC+BMP groups showed similar fusion ratio and mechanical strength in the 6th and 10th week after surgery. According to the microstructure analysis of the samples, nHA/collagen had no negative effect when implanted together with ilium autograft. In HAC+BMP group, new bone-like tissue was observed in the 2nd week postoperatively, and nearly all of the implanted composites were replaced by mature bone matrix and new bones in 10th week postoperatively.The nHA/collagen, especially combined with rhBMP-2, is a promising bone substitute, for it has quick biodegradation, fine bone-bending ability, and high osteoconductivity on posterolateral spinal fusion in rabbits.

For a focal plane array (FPA) fabricated with a surface sacrificial layer process, the IR flux must transmit through the silicon substrate and the air gap before it reaches the cantilever pixels. Part of the IR radiation energy is therefore lost owing to the reflection and absorption caused by the silicon substrate. We fabricate an infrared FPA consisting of 128 × 128 microcantilever pixels by using a novel bulk micro-electro-mechanical-system process. Thermal images of persons at room temperature are captured to demonstrate the IR imaging capability of the FPA. For the proposed device, the thermal response is calculated to be 4.03 × 10−3, the thermo-mechanical sensitivity is measured to be 0.273 μm/K, the noise equivalent temperature difference is measured to be 200 mK by a gray level change method and the time constant is calculated to be 15 ms under a 10 mTorr pressure.

In the title compound, C(14)H(21)N(3)O(3), the oxamide group has a transoid conformation. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are connected by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds into a double chain running along the b axis.