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The dopamine system, including five dopamine receptors (D1R to D5R), plays essential roles in the central nervous system (CNS) and ligands that activate dopamine receptors have been used to treat many neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and schizophrenia. Here, we report five cryo-EM structures of all subtypes of human dopamine receptors in complex with G-protein and bound to the pan agonist, Rotigotine, which is used to treat PD and restless legs syndrome. The structures reveal the basis of Rotigotine binding modes to different dopamine receptors. Structural analysis together with functional assays illuminate determinants of ligand polypharmacology and selectivity. The structures also uncover the mechanisms of the dopamine receptor activation, unique structural features among the five receptor subtypes, and the basis of G-protein coupling specificity. Our works provide a comprehensive set of structural templates for the rational design of specific ligands to treat CNS diseases targeting the dopaminergic system.

Background Whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), possesses the aptitude to dissect methylation status at the nucleotide-level resolution of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) on a genome-wide scale. It is a powerful technique for epigenome in various cell types, and tissues. As a recently established next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform, GenoLab M is a promising alternative platform. However, its comprehensive evaluation for WGBS has not been reported. We sequenced two bisulfite-converted mammal DNA in this research using our GenoLab M and NovaSeq 6000, respectively. Then, we systematically compared those data via four widely used WGBS tools (BSMAP, Bismark, BatMeth2, BS-Seeker2) and a new bisulfite-seq tool (BSBolt). We interrogated their computational time, genome depth and coverage, and evaluated their percentage of methylated Cs. Result Here, benchmarking a combination of pre- and post-processing methods, we found that trimming improved the performance of mapping efficiency in eight datasets. The data from two platforms uncovered ~ 80% of CpG sites genome-wide in the human cell line. Those data sequenced by GenoLab M achieved a far lower proportion of duplicates (~ 5.5%). Among pipelines, BSMAP provided an intriguing representation of 5-mC distribution at CpG sites with 5-mC levels > ~ 78% in datasets from human cell lines, especially in the GenoLab M. BSMAP performed more advantages in running time, uniquely mapped reads percentages, genomic coverage, and quantitative accuracy. Finally, compared with the previous methylation pattern of human cell line and mouse tissue, we confirmed that the data from GenoLab M performed similar consistency and accuracy in methylation levels of CpG sites with that from NovaSeq 6000. Conclusion Together we confirmed that GenoLab M was a qualified NGS platform for WGBS with high performance. Our results showed that BSMAP was the suitable pipeline that allowed for WGBS studies on the GenoLab M platform.

Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is one of the widespread rice diseases across the globe in recent years, however, we know little about its molecular mechanism of infection. The cAMP signaling pathway functions directly in the development and formation of infectious structures to regulate the infection process in many pathogenic fungi. In order to investigate the role of the cAMP signaling pathway in U. virens, UvCap1, a cyclase-associated-protein homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Srv2 was identified. Three targeted deletion mutants of the UvCAP1 gene were obtained with gene replacement strategy assisted with CRISPR-Cas9 system. The UvCAP1 deletion mutants showed defects in mycelial growth and conidial production. Inoculation experiments demonstrated that ΔUvcap1 exhibited defects in pathogenicity. Compared with the wild-type strain, ΔUvcap1 showed decreased tolerance to sorbitol and H2O2, and increased tolerance to NaCl, CFW and SDS, and the intracellular cAMP level was significantly reduced in ΔUvcap1. Yeast two-hybrid assay identified the interactions of UvCap1 with UvAc1 (adenylase cyclase), two Ras proteins (UvRas1 and UvRas2) and UvSte50. Taken together, as a component of cAMP signaling pathway, UvCap1 plays important roles in the development and pathogenicity of U. virens.

BACKGROUND Patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterized by respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation (MV), are at high risk of mortality. An effective and practical MV weaning protocol is needed for these fragile cases. CASE SUMMARY Here, we present two critical COVID-19 patients who presented with fever, cough and fatigue. COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed based on blood cell counts, chest computed tomography (CT) imaging, and nuclei acid test results. To address the patients’ respiratory failure, they first received noninvasive ventilation (NIV). When their condition did not improve after 2 h of NIV, each patient was advanced to MV [tidal volume (Vt), 6 mL/kg ideal body weight (IBW); 8-10 cmH2O of positive end-expiratory pressure; respiratory rate, 20 breaths/min; and 40%-80% FiO2] with prone positioning for 12 h/day for the first 5 d of MV. Extensive infection control measures were conducted to minimize morbidity, and pharmacotherapy consisting of an antiviral, immune-enhancer, and thrombosis prophylactic was administered in both cases. Upon resolution of lung changes evidenced by CT, the patients were sequentially weaned using a weaning screening test, spontaneous breathing test, and airbag leak test. After withdrawal of MV, the patients were transitioned through NIV and high-flow nasal cannula oxygen support. Both patients recovered well. CONCLUSION A MV protocol attentive to intubation/extubation timing, prone positioning early in MV, infection control, and sequential withdrawal of respiratory support, may be an effective regimen for patients with critical COVID-19.

Aim This study investigated whether ischemic postconditioning (IPO) improved the outcome of organs from donors after cardiac death and had a synergistic effect with hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) in a pig liver transplantation model. Methods A donor after cardiac death (DCD) model was developed in 48 healthy Bama miniature pigs randomly divided into four groups: simple cold storage group (SCS group), IPO group, HMP group, HMP-IPO group. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, histopathological findings, apoptotic activity of hepatocytes, international normalized ratio (INR), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were compared. Results All recipients in the SCS group died within 6 h after transplantation. The livers of the recipients in the IPO had 50% survival on day 5. HMP allowed 83.3% survival and HMP-IPO allowed 100% survival. After reperfusion, the recipients in the IPO and HMP-IPO group had lower ALT and total bilirubin levels, less Suzuki score, less apoptosis, and less injury to hepatocytes and biliary ducts and attenuated inflammatory response and oxidative load. Conclusions IPO improved the outcome of organs from donors after cardiac death and had a synergistic effect with HMP in the pig liver transplantation model.

Background We investigated whether the outcome of organs from donors after circulatory death (DCD) can be improved by the addition of mcc950 to the perfusate of the hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) system and intravenous mcc950 injection after transplantation in a pig liver transplantation model. Methods Thirty-six healthy Bama mini pigs randomized into 3 groups. All the DCD livers were preserved in an HMP system after 2 hours of simple cold storage. In HMP-Postop group, mcc950 was added to the perfusate; in the control group and Postop group, the perfusate was normal LPS. After transplantation, the pigs in the Postop group and HMP-Postop group were intravenously administered 3 mg/kg mcc950, at the time of reperfusion and on day 2 and day 3 after transplantation. During the 3-day follow-up period, general operative characteristics, and serological markers and histological features related to ischemia reperfusion injury were examined. Results The HMP-Postop group suffer the lightest ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), and functioned best after transplantation. Model for the Early Allograft Function Score (predictor of long-term survival), degree of injury in the hepatocytes and rate of apoptosis was lowest in the HMP-Postop group. Further, in the HMP-Postop group, the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome pathway activation was lowest, and the level of IL-1β was lowest. Postop group functioned better than control group, but not comparable with HMP-Postop group. Conclusions The outcome of DCD organs can be improved by the addition of mcc950 to the perfusate of the HMP system and intravenous injection of mcc950 after transplantation.

Background Warm ischemia jeopardizes graft quality and recipient survival in donation after cardiac death (DCD) transplantation. Currently, there is no system to objectively evaluate the liver quality from DCD. The present study tried to use energy metabolites to evaluate the donor liver quality. Methods We divided 195 Sprague-Dawley rats into five groups: the control (n = 39), warm ischemic time (WIT) 15 min (n = 39), WIT 30 min (n = 39), WIT 45 min (n = 39), and WIT 60 min (n = 39) groups. Three rats from each group were randomly selected for pretransplant histologic evaluation of warm ischemia-related damage. The remaining 36 rats were randomly divided into donors and recipients of 18 liver transplantations, and were subjected to postoperative liver function and survival analyses. Between cardiac arrest and cold storage, liver energy metabolites including glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol were measured by microdialysis. The lactate to pyruvate ratio (LPR) was calculated. Results The changes in preoperative pathology with warm ischemia were inconspicuous, but the trends in postoperative pathology and aminotransferase levels were consistent with preoperative energy metabolite measurements. The 30-day survival rates of the control and WIT 15, 30, 45, and 60 min groups were 100%, 81.82%, 76.92%, 58.33%, and 25.00%, respectively. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of glucose, lactate, glycerol, and LPR were 0.87, 0.88, 0.88, and 0.92, respectively. Conclusion Glucose, lactate, glycerol, and LPR are predictors of graft quality and survival outcomes in DCD transplantation.

Background Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) improves the quality of donor livers for transplantation, both in animal models and in clinical practice. Treatment with SP600125, an inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), can suppress the JNK signaling pathway to alleviate donor liver ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). We performed the present study with the objective of exploring the protective effects exerted by a combination of HMP and SP600125 on liver xenograft viability for donation after cardiac death (DCD) in a porcine model. Methods 54 adult BAMA mini-pigs were randomly assigned to 5 groups, including sham, cold storage for 4 h (CS 4 h), CS 4 h + SP600125, CS 2 h + HMP 2 h, and CS 2 h + HMP 2 h + SP600125 groups. Donor livers in the CS 4 h and CS 4 h + SP600125 groups were conventionally cold preserved for 4 h, whereas donor livers in the CS 2 h + HMP 2 h and CS 2 h + HMP 2 h + SP600125 groups were cold preserved for 2 h and then treated with HMP for 2 h. The preservation and perfusion solutions contained SP600125 (20 µM). Follow-up was conducted for 5 days after liver transplantation to compare the surgical outcomes by means of serological examination, pathological results, and survival rate. Results The most satisfactory outcome after liver transplantation was observed in the CS 2 h + HMP 2 h + SP600125 group, which presented with minimal damage of donor livers during 5 days’ follow-up. Additionally, serological examination, pathological results, and survival rate concurred in showing better results in the CS 2 h + HMP 2 h ± SP600125 group than in the CS 4 h ± SP600125 group. Conclusion HMP in combination with SP600125 has hepatoprotective properties and improves the quality and viability of porcine livers collected after DCD, thus improving prognosis after liver transplantation.

We report the clinical and laboratory findings and successful management of seven patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). The patients were diagnosed based on epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, and nucleic acid testing. Upon diagnosis with COVID-19 of critical severity, the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, where they received early noninvasive–invasive sequential ventilation, early prone positioning, and bundle pharmacotherapy regimen, which consists of antiviral, anti-inflammation, immune-enhancing, and complication-prophylaxis medicines. The patients presented fever (n = 7, 100%), dry cough (n = 3, 42.9%), weakness (n = 2, 28.6%), chest tightness (n = 1, 14.3%), and/or muscle pain (n = 1, 14.3%). All patients had normal or lower than normal white blood cell count/lymphocyte count, and chest computed tomography scans showed bilateral patchy shadows or ground glass opacity in the lungs. Nucleic acid testing confirmed COVID-19 in all seven patients. The median MV duration and intensive care unit stay were 9.9 days (interquartile range, 6.5–14.6 days; range, 5–17 days) and 12.9 days (interquartile range, 9.7–17.6 days; range, 7–19 days), respectively. All seven patients were extubated, weaned off MV, transferred to the common ward, and discharged as of the writing of this report. Thus, we concluded that good outcomes for patients with critical COVID-19 can be achieved with early noninvasive–invasive sequential ventilation and bundle pharmacotherapy.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become an immense public health burden, first in China and subsequently worldwide. Developing effective control measures for COVID-19, especially measures that can halt the worsening of severe cases to a critical status is of urgent importance. CASE SUMMARY: A 52-year-old woman presented with a high fever (38.8 °C), chills, dizziness, and weakness. Epidemiologically, she had not been to Wuhan where COVID-19 emerged and did not have a family history of a disease cluster. A blood test yielded a white blood cell count of 4.41 × 10(9)/L (60.6 ± 2.67% neutrophils and 30.4 ± 1.34% lymphocytes). Chest imaging revealed bilateral ground-glass lung changes. Based on a positive nasopharyngeal swab nucleic acid test result and clinical characteristics, the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19. Following treatment with early non-invasive ventilation and a bundle pharmacotherapy, she recovered with a good outcome. CONCLUSION: Early non-invasive ventilation with a bundle pharmacotherapy may be an effective treatment regimen for the broader population of patients with COVID-19.

Hemorrhoid refers to soft vein mass formed by varicosity of submucosal veins around the end of the rectum and subcutanceous veins of the anal canal. It is the most common anorectal disease. This article summarized the regular patterns, features and advantages of Professor Yu Hai-Bo’s acupuncture-moxibustion therapy for hemorrhoids, in order to guide the acupuncture treatment for hemorrhoids.

Objective—The role of hemoglobin and myoglobin in the cardiovascular system is well established, yet other globins in this context are poorly characterized. Here, we examined the expression and function of cytoglobin (CYGB) during vascular injury.Approach and Results—We characterized CYGB content in intact vessels and primary vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells and used 2 different vascular injury models to examine the functional significance of CYGB in vivo. We found that CYGB was strongly expressed in medial arterial VSM and human veins. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that CYGB was lost after VSM cell dedifferentiation. In the rat balloon angioplasty model, site-targeted delivery of adenovirus encoding shRNA specific for CYGB prevented its reexpression and decreased neointima formation. Similarly, 4 weeks after complete ligation of the left common carotid,Cygbknockout mice displayed little to no evidence of neointimal hyperplasia in contrast to their wild-type littermates. Mechanistic studies in the rat indicated that this was primarily associated with increased medial cell loss, terminal uridine nick-end labeling staining, and caspase-3 activation, all indicative of prolonged apoptosis. In vitro, CYGB could be reexpressed after VSM stimulation with cytokines and hypoxia and loss of CYGB sensitized human and rat aortic VSM cells to apoptosis. This was reversed after antioxidant treatment or NOS2 (nitric oxide synthase 2) inhibition.Conclusions—These results indicate that CYGB is expressed in vessels primarily in differentiated medial VSM cells where it regulates neointima formation and inhibits apoptosis after injury.

Relationships between viscosity and the contents of macromolecular substances (milk protein, casein, whey protein and milk fat) from raw milk were studied at the temperature of 2-5℃ (a storage temperature in a household refrigerator), 10℃ and 20℃ (a near-room temperature) during milk storage. An approach by means of mathematical models was used in this study to analyze the relationships between the viscosity and the contents of these macromolecular substances from milk at the three temperatures. The results indicated that the milk viscosity initially remained quite steady for a period of time, followed by an increase for a short-period, then a decrease during the subsequent days, and had a sharp rise in the final days at the temperatures of 10℃ and 20℃, while the viscosity of milk stored at the temperature of 2-5℃ presented a decrease initially and a sharp rise in the final days. Significant correlations were also found between the value of viscosity and the contents of macromolecular substances along with storage time extended at the three temperatures. The correlation models based on the viscosity and the contents of macromolecular substances had good fit with high correlation coefficients (R2>0.8000) and could well explain the relevance of viscosity and the contents of macromolecular substances at a significance level that was less than or equal to 0.0067. Meanwhile, these correlation models contributed to a better understanding of the change of milk system during storage in view of providing tools to develop high quality dairy products with desirable characteristics, and could also be useful in process design and control, as well as quality control and real-time monitoring of deterioration of the raw milk.

Multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a multigene family with isoform-specific regulation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) functions. In previous studies, we found that vascular injury resulted in VSM dedifferentiation and reduced expression of the CaMKIIγ isoform in medial wall VSM. Smooth muscle knockout of CaMKIIγ enhanced injury-induced VSM neointimal hyperplasia, whereas CaMKIIγ overexpression inhibited VSM proliferation and neointimal formation. In this study, we evaluated DNA cytosine methylation/demethylation as a mechanism for regulating CaMKII isoform expression in VSM. Inhibition of cytosine methylation with 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine significantly upregulated CaMKIIγ expression in cultured VSM cells and inhibited CaMKIIγ downregulation in organ-cultured aorta ex vivo. With the use of methylated cytosine immunoprecipitation, the rat Camk2g promoter was found hypomethylated in differentiated VSM, whereas injury- or cell culture-induced VSM dedifferentiation coincided with Camk2g promoter methylation and decreased expression. We report for the first time that VSM cell phenotype switching is accompanied by marked induction of thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) protein and mRNA expression in injured arteries in vivo and in cultured VSM synthetic phenotype cells. Silencing Tdg in VSM promoted expression of CaMKIIγ and differentiation markers, including myocardin, and inhibited VSM cell proliferation and injury-induced neointima formation. This study indicates that CaMKIIγ expression in VSM is regulated by cytosine methylation/demethylation and that TDG is an important determinant of this process and, more broadly, VSM phenotype switching and function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Expression of the calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-γ isoform (CaMKIIγ) is associated with differentiated vascular smooth muscle (VSM) and negatively regulates proliferation in VSM synthetic phenotype (VSMSyn) cells. This study demonstrates that thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) plays a key role in regulating CaMKIIγ expression in VSM through promoter cytosine methylation/demethylation. TDG expression is strongly induced in VSMSyncells and plays key roles in negatively regulating CaMKIIγ expression and more broadly VSM phenotype switching.

Usually, to save the design time and cost, the precision simulations before the chip tape-out is required and a key step. Therefore, this paper uses four sets of ion implantation and diffusion model simulating and comparing the impurity concentration distribution of UMOS channel region, and then simulates the experiment of different model combination to obtain their threshold voltage drift. The model combination of the most accurate UMOS devices is obtained by comparing with the actual test results (after the fab factory test). The simulation results show that the combination of Monte Carlo implantation and Pair diffusion models is reasonable.

Background Lateral habenula nucleus (LHb) has recently been noted for its role in stress-induced depressive disorder. Yet little is known about the mechanisms by which external stimuli or depression induces pathological alteration in the LHb. Methods Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was employed to model depressive-like behaviors in adult rats. We examined expressions of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) mRNA and protein and global DNA methylation levels in LHb of CUMS-induced depressive rats. Then 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza), a Dnmts inhibitor, was infused into the LHb of native rats to test the effects of hypomethylation in the LHb. The gene expressions in the LHb and the levels of 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) were examined in 5-aza infusion rats by quantitative real-time PCR and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Results Rats were exposed to CUMS for 21 days and depressive-like behaviors were induced as expected. We observed significant decrease in mRNA and protein expressions of Dnmt1 and DNA hypomethylation in LHb of depressive rats. These phenomenon suggests that CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors are related with DNA hypomethylation in the LHb. Local 5-aza infusion into LHb of native rat resulted in global DNA hypomethylation in the LHb and induced depressive-like behaviors which are featured with lack of interest and investment in the environment, behavioral despair and anhedonia. Moreover, DNA hypomethylation in the LHb increased transcription of β calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II and glutamate receptor 1 in the LHb and attenuated the levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the DRN. Our data suggested that alteration of DNA methylation in the LHb may control 5-HT neuronal activity in the DRN to regulate emotional state. Conclusions DNA hypomethylation in the LHb is involved in the development of depressive-like behavior and suitable methylation state contributes to the emotional stabilization.

Ustilaginoidea virens is the causal agent of rice false smut disease resulting in quantitative and qualitative losses in rice. To gain insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of U. virens, we established a T-DNA insertion mutant library of U. virens through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and selected an enhanced pathogenicity mutant (i.e., B3277). We analyzed the biological characteristics of the wild-type P1 and B3277. The growth rate and sporulation of B3277 were decreased compared with those of P1; the ferrous iron could be utilized by B3277, but inhibited the growth of P1. Southern blot analysis was performed to verify the copy number of the foreign gene inserted in the genomic DNA and only one copy of the T-DNA was found. The combined hiTAIL-PCR with RACE-PCR analysis showed the successful cloning of full length of the T-DNA flanking gene associated with pathogenicity, named Uvt3277. Gene expression was analyzed using real-time PCR. Results revealed that Uvt3277 was expressed at lower levels in B3277 than in P1. This gene was then subjected to bioinformatics analysis. The encoded protein of Uvt3277 exhibited high homology with low-affinity iron transporter proteins in some fungi. Transformation of the RNAi vector by constructing the hairpin RNA of the target gene was confirmed as successful. The pathogenicity of the transformant also increased. These results suggested that Uvt3277 may have an important function associated with the pathogenesis of U. virens. This study provides insights into the pathogenic mechanism of U. virens and a molecular target of disease control.

The SiC ceramic membrane supports by using four different processes were prepared by extrusion molding process. Shape and distribution of pores in SiC ceramic membrane supports were observed by SEM, Meanwhile the O-ring strength was measured. By analyzing the relationship between pores’ shape, distribution and O-rings strength, the optimal data of apparent porosity and the optimal pores’ shape and distribution was obtained. By means ofusing similar particle sizes, particles modification, controlling drying rate of the green body and controlling the contents of glass phase in neck part between SiC particles formed at the high temperature, the SiC ceramic membrane supports with the O-ring strength greater than 20 MPa were prepared.

Vascular smooth muscle (VSM) expresses calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-δ and -γ isoforms. CaMKIIδ promotes VSM proliferation and vascular remodeling. We tested CaMKIIγ function in vascular remodeling after injury. CaMKIIγ protein decreased 90% 14 d after balloon injury in rat carotid artery. Intraluminal transduction of adenovirus encoding CaMKIIγC rescued expression to 35% of uninjured controls, inhibited neointima formation (>70%), inhibited VSM proliferation (>60%), and increased expression of the cell-cycle inhibitor p21 (>2-fold). Comparable doses of CaMKIIδ2 adenovirus had no effect. Similar dynamics in CaMKIIγ mRNA and protein expression were observed in ligated mouse carotid arteries, correlating closely with expression of VSM differentiation markers. Targeted deletion of CaMKIIγ in smooth muscle resulted in a 20-fold increase in neointimal area, with a 3-fold increase in the cell proliferation index, no change in apoptosis, and a 60% decrease in p21 expression. In cultured VSM, CaMKIIγ overexpression induced p53 mRNA (1.7 fold) and protein (1.8-fold) expression; induced the p53 target gene p21 (3-fold); decreased VSM cell proliferation (>50%); and had no effect on expression of apoptosis markers. We conclude that regulated CaMKII isoform composition is an important determinant of the injury-induced vasculoproliferative response and that CaMKIIγ and -δ isoforms have nonequivalent, opposing functions.—Saddouk, F. Z., Sun, L.-Y., Liu, Y. F., Jiang, M., Singer, D. V., Backs, J., Van Riper, D., Ginnan, R., Schwarz, J. J., Singer, H. A. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-γ (CaMKIIγ) negatively regulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and vascular remodeling.

This study was to provide a convenient method for the determination of DNA concentration from milk. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technology with orthogonal experiment method was conducted to determine bovine genomic DNA content in milk for the first time. DNA was extracted from milk samples with a novel method that was constructed based on our pre-experiments results. All samples were scanned (570-1850 nm), and 74 samples were used to establish the model of DNA content in NIR analysis. The results showed that the optimal model's performance for DNA content was excellent, with SEC = 0.26%, SECV = 0. 69%, SEP = 0. 28%, RSQ = 0.913 and R 2 = 0.9846, RPD = 3.57 respectively. Thus NIR was feasible to nondestructively determine DNA content in milk. Therefore, NIR technology would be valuable in meeting with the increasing demand for monitoring the dairy food chain and ensuring labeling authenticity to the consumers.

As a promising energy-saving technique, the eco-friendly and low-cost solid-state white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) based on quantum dots (QDs) have been widely studied. Herein, a WLED device prepared by core–shell structure nanocomposites based on Ag-In-S/ZnS@SiO2 quantum dots (AIS@SiO2) and carbon quantum dots (CDs) was successfully constructed. CDs were combined onto the surface of AIS@SiO2 QDs to synthesize Ag-In-S/ZnS@SiO2-Carbon quantum dots (AIS-CDs) nanocomposites with a white-light emission, which successfully overcome the quenching effect of CDs induced by conventional aggregation. The as-prepared AIS-CDs nanocomposites presented high stability and a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 35%. Moreover, the corresponding AIS-CDs nanocomposites-based WLEDs demonstrated the color coordinate of (0.32, 0.33), which is comparable to the pure white light (0.33, 0.33); furthermore, the luminous efficiency of the as-prepared WLEDs showed 15.1 lm W−1. These results reported herein may open up a new avenue for the development of high-performance, low-cost, and environmentally-friendly WLEDs.

CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) has been reported to exacerbate acute kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (IR). This study aimed to investigate the probable role of CXCL16 in hepatic IR injury during liver transplantation. The expression patterns of CXCL16 and its receptor CXC chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) were detected in mouse models of IR injury during liver transplantation and cell models of oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced hepatocyte injury using RT-qPCR, Western blot analysis and ELISA. CXCL16 expression was silenced in AML12 cells exposed to OGD/R conditions to determine the role of CXCL16 in cell apoptosis and injury. After treatment with CXCL16 and a p38 phosphorylation inhibitor, SB203580, we examined whether CXCL16 regulated p38 phosphorylation to impact hepatocyte injury. To verify the effects of CXCL16 and p38 phosphorylation in vivo, CXCL16 was silenced and p38 phosphorylation was activated in IR-treated mice. CXCL16 and CXCR6 were highly expressed in mouse models of IR injury and cell models of OGD/R-induced hepatocyte injury. Silencing of CXCL16 in AML12 cells resulted in diminished CXCR6 expression and alleviated OGD/R-exposed cell injury. CXCL16 treatment in AML12 cells brought about increased protein expressions of CXCR6 and p38 phosphorylation and elevated apoptosis rate of hepatocytes. Inhibition of p38 phosphorylation neutralized CXCL16-induced apoptosis of AML12 cells. Furthermore, CXCL16 knockdown in vivo relieved hepatic injury, which was reversed by activation of p38 phosphorylation. Taken together, silencing of CXCL16 might protect against IR injury during liver transplantation by reducing p38 phosphorylation, highlighting the potential of CXCL16 as a promising target for treatment against hepatic IR injury.

By summing up the basic conditions and production safety procedures in Chinese mines, the paper conducts an in-depth analysis of major types of disasters caused by gas, roof falls, fires, flooding, outbursts, dust, thermal harm, ground subsidence, and slope instability and blowouts in mines. From the perspective of prevention and control of coal and gas outbursts, rock outbursts, gob fires, and tailings pond failures and water inrush disasters, it addresses outcomes from the latest research in risk identification and disaster prevention and control techniques in Chinese mines. Finally, with respect to existing problems, the paper proposes risk identification, measures for disaster prevention and control in country’s mines and its development during the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016–2020).

“Transplantation” (Volume 97, Number 8, April 27, 2014) published an open letter from Professor Delmonico along with other seven professors to Mr. Xi Jinping, President of the People's Republic of China: China's Fight Against Corruption in Organ Transplantation. The article sharply posed this concern, thus evoking great attention at home and abroad within the transplant community. To this end, we hereby state our views and declare our position with regard to the concerns mentioned in the open letter about China's organ transplant undertaking.

Using the micron alumina powder for the study, through the analysis of the ceramic suspension rheological, the generation and evolution and its mechanism of aggregates in the ceramic suspension were studied. The results showed that the number, size and intensity of aggregates will be effected by the gravitational potential or the barrier height between the particles in suspension as varying the process conditions. Generally, the formation of aggregates was corresponded to the interaction potential between particles, that is, the second potential well. Thus, their internal bonding strength is weak. In the flowing suspension, aggregates were meta-stability under shear forces, electrostatic repulsion and van der Waals potential. The variation of the aggregates was a reversible process as decomposition then reunion again.

Ceramic supports were prepared by isostatic pressing, and were compared with commercially available ceramic support by extrusion molding process. Results show that structures of section, inner surface and outer surface keep uniform, and the pore is obvious in section, also on the inner surface and outer surface. While supports by extrusion molding process show great differences between internal and surface in structures. During the extrusion molding process, the orientation and rearrangement phenomenon of particle and powder occur obviously under the action of friction and boundary effect, which make pores on the surface blocked seriously. The ceramic support prepared by isostatic processing technology will show better filtration efficiency relatively compared to that by extrusion molding process.

Objective: To explore the effect of protective lung ventilation strategy on lung compliance and oxygenation in elderly patients undergoing abdominal open surgery. Methods: 120 elderly patients who underwent abdominal open surgery in our hospital were randomly divided into conventional ventilation group (group I), low tidal volume group (group II), low tidal volume + low PEEP+ lung recruitment maneuver group (group III). Three groups of patients received intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV): the oxygen concentration was 100%, the oxygen flow rate was 2 L/min, the number of breaths was 12 times/min, the suction call ratio was 1:2, the tidal volume was 7 mL/kg for low tidal volume group, tidal volume of 7 mL/kg and peep of 5 cm H2O for low tidal volume+ low PEEP+ lung recruitment maneuver group and 12 mL/kg for conventional ventilation group. Ppeak, Pplat and CL were monitored continuously and recorded at 0 min (T0), 3 0min (T1), 60 min (T2), 90 min (T3) in operation and 2 h (T4) after operation. The arterial blood gas analysis of patients was performed at each point. The oxygenation index (OI) and pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) were also determined. Results: The lung compliance of the three groups decreased gradually in the operation, and the group I was significantly lower than that of the group II and the group III (P0.05). The Qs/Qt in group II and group III were significantly lower than that in group I (P

Better efficacy for predicting the risk of transplantation rejection could be achieved by intergenic interactions among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) compared with one SNP. In this study, we explored the forewarning function of interactions among SNPs in nucleotide excision repair (NER) genes. Thirty-eight polymorphisms in eight NER genes were genotyped by Sequenom MassARRAY platform, including XPA, XPC, DDB2, XPB (ERCC3), XPD (ERCC2), ERCC1, XPF (ERCC4), and XPG (ERCC5). The haplotype analysis suggested that XPA rs3176629-rs2808668 C-T and ERCC5 G-C-C-T and G-C-T-C (OR = 1.81, 7.72 and 3.46, respectively) increased the risk of transplantation rejection; while ERCC5 rs2094258-rs751402-rs2296147-rs1047768 A-C-T-T decreased the risk (OR = 0.35). Multiple logistic regression and multifactor dimensionality reduction (DMR) analyses consistently revealed intergenic interactions among ERCC2 rs50871, ERCC5 rs1047768, and XPC rs2228001 SNPs for the risk of transplantation rejection. Taken together, the interactions among XPC rs2228001, ERCC2 rs50871 and ERCC5 rs1047768 SNPs were associated with the risk of transplantation rejection.

In this article, we consider the longtime behavior for the non classical diffusion equation on a bounded domain . We first prove the existence of time-dependent global attractors in , and then, we obtain the regularity of the time-dependent global attractor , i.e, is bounded in , with a bound independent of .

A series of novel podophyllotoxin derivatives was synthesized by coupling 4β-amino-4′-demethyl-4-desoxypodophyllotoxin (3a) or 4β-amino-4-desoxypodophyllotoxin (3b) with N-substituted 5-formylindole (2a–h). Their structures were identied by spectroscopic techniques. These novel derivatives were evaluated for cytotoxicity in vitro against HepG2 and HeLa cell lines. Compared with etoposide, most of the compounds showed more potent cytotoxicities against two tumor cell lines. Judging from the IC50 values, compound 5n is a promising agent, which is about 15 and 5 times more toxic than etoposide against HepG2 and HeLa cell lines, respectively.

In this article, the existence of pullback attractors for a non-autonomous nonclassical diffusion equations is proved in .