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Before the installation of the first ICRF launcher in WEST, dedicated RF, cold and hot leak tests have been performed in the TITAN test bed [ 1 , 2 ] (Bernard et al., 2011a,b). All the water circuits have been controlled in order to avoid any in-vessel leak. The impedance matching has been checked at low level (mW range) and the high RF voltage standoff has been validated at the nominal value of 27 kV peak. During the WEST C3a campaign, the commissioning of the first antenna has been successfully performed. About 0.6 MW of power has been coupled to the plasma, and the launcher’s load-resilience has been proved.

Raman spectroscopy effectively revealed a strain-induced electronic structure change during polarization-dependent studies on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). Initially, we used a polarized Raman system to obtain the polarization-dependent Raman spectra of single-, bi-, and tri-layer MoS2 and analyzed their vibration modes. We determined that the in-plane () mode of vibration was double-degenerate whereas the out-of-plane (A 1g) mode of vibration was not. We also observed the mode to be independent of polarization, and the A 1g mode to be quadratically dependent on the cosine of the polarization angle. The experimental data agreed strongly with the theoretical models. We present the Raman spectra collected with applied top gate voltages and operational frequencies for an MoS2 transistor. The Raman signal intensities, peak positions, and linewidths of two active modes were calculated under different applied top gate voltages and operational frequencies. The broadening of linewidth for the out-of-plane mode was a result of the strengthening of electron–phonon coupling with increasing gate voltage. Owing to the electric potential across the metal-MoS2 interface, a dramatic frequency shift can be observed. For the AC operational mode, the Raman signals can be regarded as constant in the proper operational frequency region.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy may decrease the risk of mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. However, these benefits are not completely clear. We undertook a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials identified in systematic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database. Eighteen studies (4146 patients) were included. Overall, CPAP therapy did not significantly decrease the risk of cardiovascular events compared with the control group (odds ratio (OR), 0.84; 95 % confidence intervals (CI), 0.62–1.13; p = 0.25; I 2 = 0 %). CPAP was associated with a nonsignificant trend of lower rate of death and stroke (for death: OR, 0.85; 95 % CI, 0.35–2.06; p = 0.72; I 2 = 0.0 %; for stroke: OR, 0.56; 95 % CI, 0.18–1.73; p = 0.32; I 2 = 12.0 %), a significantly lower Epworth sleepiness score (ESS) (mean difference (MD), −1.78; 95 % CI, −2.31 to −1.24; p