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西表島東部と西部の雑草の実態を把握するために農耕地雑草,及び帰化植物の種類,発生量及び分布を調べた。1.耕地雑草では,サトウキビ畑雑草27科131種,パイナップル畑雑草20科46種,サトウキビ畑・パイナップル畑共通雑草22科59種,水田雑草25科69種が確認できた。2.帰化植物は17科78種,全草種では56科305種が確認できた。3.雑草分布調査では,サトウキビ畑で出現した種数は174種であり,45.7%が帰化植物であった。パイナップル畑においては44種のうち,22.7%,水田においては63種のうち,12.6%が帰化植物であった。4.作物畑別に雑草の分布を見ると,サトウキビ畑ではマメ科,イネ科,キク科が多く,パイナップル畑ではイネ科,キク科,水田ではカヤツリグサ科,イネ科が多かった。5.サトウキビ畑の生活型組成は,TH-R_5-D_4-e,パイナップル畑においてはH-R_5-D_1-e,水田においては,HH-R_5-D_1-tが最も多かった。6.地域的には雑草の組成にあまり差はみられなかったが,概して大原,豊原地域にはタツノツメガヤ,ハリビューが多かった。7.比較的新しい帰化植物で,現に盛んに繁殖しているもの,または将来繁殖地が著しく拡大するおそれのある雑草はタチスズメノヒエとタチアワユキセンダングサである。, The kinds, growing quantities and distributions of arable land weeds and naturalized weeds were investigated for the purpose of grasping the actual conditions of weeds in the eastern and western parts of Iriomote Island. 1. As arable land weeds, sugarcane field weeds of 27 families and 131 species. pineapple field weeds of 20 families and 46 species, the weeds common to sugarcane and pineapple field of 22 families and 59 species and paddy field weeds of 25 families and 69 species could be confirmed. 2. Naturalized weeds of 17 families and 78 species could be confirmed. of all of the weed species, 56 families and 305 species could be confirmed. 3. As a result of the investigation on the distributions of weeds, the number of species occurring in sugarcane fields were 174 and the ratio of naturalized weeds among them was 45.7%. The ratio of naturalized weeds was 22.7% among 44 species in sugarcane fields and 12.6% among 63 species in the paddy fields. 4. With respect to the distributions of weeds, weeds of Heguminosae, Gramineae and Compositae were numerous in the sugarcane fields, and those of Gramineae and Compositae were many in the pineapple fields, and Cyperaceae and Gramineae were many in the paddy fields. 5. With respect to a life form composition, TH-R5-D5-e was most dominate in the sugarcane fields and H-R5-D1-e was most abundant in the pineapple fileds and HH-R5-D1-t was most numerous in the paddy fields. 6. Not much difference was seen in the compositions of weeds locally but, generally, Dactylocteninm aegyptium Beanv. and Amaranthus spinosus L. were many in the Ohara and Toyofara reagions. 7. Of the relatively new naturalized weeds, which are vigorously growing or estimated to markedly increased in the future, Paspalum urvillei Steud. and Bidens pilosa var. radiata Scherff., 紀要論文

近年, 日本において分布が急速にひろがりその撲滅対策が大きな社会問題となっているセイタカアワダチソウ(Solidago altissima L.)の沖縄における分布状況, 生態的特性および他の雑草との共存関係などについて調査研究を行なった。その結果を要約すると次のとおりである。1.分布状況 那覇市天久外人住宅地周辺 具志川市平良川県道10号線沿い2.生態 那覇市天久の群落を4つの母集団に分けて調査を行なった。本数は, Aプロットでは1550±295本, Bプロットは13000±980本, Cプロットは14600±1520本, Dプロットは1290±141本であった。草丈は, Aプロットでは平均173cm, Bプロットは29.8cm, Cプロットは152cm, Dプロットは148cmであった。種子数について, Aプロットの花枝数は9本, 総包数1951個, 総種子数29265個, Bプロットの花枝数は9本, 総包数72個, 総種子数1008個, Cプロットの花枝数は23本, 総包数1541個, 総種子数23115個, Dプロットの花枝数は21本, 総包数1365個, 総種子数19110個であった。花の期間は, A, CおよびDプロットでは9月中旬から11月上旬まで, Bプロットでは9月中旬から翌年1月上旬頃までであった。萠芽数は, 1株当り4.6本である。地下茎の芽数は, 1株当り4本である。地下茎から出芽した株数は, 前年度開花した株数33本から162本出芽し, 1株当り4.9本である。生活型は, Ch, D_1,R_3,Prである。, This report is to discuss the distribution, ecological charactristics, and coexisting connection with other weeds of Solidago altissima L. in Okinawa. The results obtained are briefly summarized as follows. 1. The distribution of Solidago altissima L. in Okinawa is limited to : The housing area for foreigners in Ameku, Naha City, and the along Route No.10 in Tairagawa, Gushikawa City. 2. The ecology of Solidago altissima L. the research was made dividing the stratification of Ameku into four main plots. 1) The number of stand. Plot A : 1550±295 Plot B : 13000±980 Plot C : 14600±1520 Plot D : 1290±141 2) The height. Plot A : 173cm Plot B : 29.8cm Plot C : 152cm Plot D : 148cm 3) The number of semen. Plot A : 29265 Plot B : 1008 Plot C : 23115 Plot D : 19110 4) The season of floresence. The period of floresence is from mid September to early November at plot A, C, and D and from mid September to early mid January at plot B. 5) The number of shoot. 4.6 per one cutted stem. 6) The subterranean stem bud of stand. 4.9 per one stand. 7) The life type of the species. The life type is Ch, D_1,R_3,Pr., 紀要論文

高温多雨時に収穫される早生温州の品質対策として, リン酸-カリ, ルチンを安定剤としたホウ素とマンガンの葉面散布剤(DA)NAA, BA等の功果について, 開花後40∿50日目を1回処理とし, その後30日おきの計3回の散布処理を行なった結果, 次の諸点が明らかとなった。1.リン酸-カリは250倍, 500倍ともに増糖の効果があるのに対し, 減酸については500倍のみに認められた。2.DAは増糖, 減酸に高い効果を示し, 500倍の1回, 2000倍の3回が顕著である。3.リン酸-カリ500倍, DA2000倍の併用は, 1回散布で著しい効果が認められる。4.NAAは10ppmおよび25ppmの3回散布で増糖, 減酸の効果が認められるが濃度よりも回数が重要である。5.BAもNAA同様10ppmおよび25ppmで増糖, 減酸の効果が認められ, 2∿3回の復数散布がより効果的である。6.樹の栄養状態による差が認められるが樹勢が強い場合は2∿3回, 樹勢の弱い場合は1∿2回を目安とする。, As one of the methods to produce high-quality Satsuma wasa (Citrus unshiu) in the hot season with much rain, the effect of the folia spray by KH_2PO_4,DA (a substance including rutin for buffer of Bo, Mn solution), NAA, BA was investigeted. The folia spray was started 40 to 50 days after blooming. The treatment was done three times 30 days intervals. The result obtained are brifly summarized as fallows : 1. The sugar content of Satsuma wase treated by KH_2PO_4 of 250 times and 500 times became higher than that of non-treatment. The acid content was reduced when treated by KH_2PO_4 of 500 times. 2. DA had a great effect to increase the sugar content and to reduce the acid content. The treatment by one-time spray of 500 times and three-times spray of 2000 times had highly effct. 3. Mixing treatment by one time-spray of 500 times' KH_2PO_4 and 2000 times' DA was recognized to have very effect increasing sugar content and reducing acid content. 4. The treatment by three-times spray of 10 and 25ppm of NAA was recognized to increase sugar content and reduce acid content. The number of NAA spray was more impotant than the concentration. 5. As treated by NAA, the treatment by 10 and 20ppm of BA was recognized to increase sugar content and to reduce acid content. The effect was greater when sprayed two or three times. 6. The effect of spray was diffrent according to each trees growth condition. Two or three spray were necessary for high-vigar trees but one or two spray for low-vigar trees., 紀要論文

本研究は, 亜熱帯地域における有用樹種の育林技術を確立するためにおこなったものである。この研究では, ヤエヤマシタンの発芽試験及びさし木試験をこころみた。実験の結果を要すると, 次のとおりである。1.1莢中における種子数の比率は, 1個で35%, 2個で40%, 4個で5%であった。2.種子の大きさは, 長径, 短径及び重量(100粒当り)は, それぞれ12.6mm, 5.0mm, 1.1gであった。3.発芽に対する最適温度は25∿30℃で, その発芽率は100%であった。4.発根率は, 薬剤処理は無処理よりもよく, なかでもルートン及びメネデール50倍は他のものよりもよかった。5.用土別には, 鹿沼土がよく, ついでバーミキュライト, 海砂の順であった。, The present study was done in order to establish planting techniques for useful trees in the subtropics. In this study, the authors tried germination and cutting tests of the Pterocarpus indicus Willd. The results of the study are summarized as follows : 1. The percentages of the number of seeds per pad were 35% for one, 40% for two, 20% for three and 5% for four, respectively. 2. Major axis, minor axis and weight (per 100 grains) of seeds were 12.6mm, 5.0mm and 1.1g, respectively. 3. The opitimum temperature for germination was from 25℃ to 30℃, and its percentage was 100%. 4. The rooting of cuttings for treatments with chemicals gave better effect than the control. The rooting percentage of cutting for treatment with rooton powder and diluted solution 50 times of Menedael gave better effect than the other one. 5. By the rooting percentage of used soils, Kanumado gave the best effect, Vermiculite the second and Sea sand the third., 紀要論文

この研究は, タマゴイモのタネイモとして, 大イモと小イモを供試し, 両者の間に収量等について, どのような差異があるかについて, 1980年琉大熱帯農研において行なわれたものである。1大タネイモの大イモ個数とイモ生重量地上部生重量とイモ生重量および茎数に5%レベルで有意差が認められた。地上部生重量とイモ生重量の相関係数はr=0.70である。2小タネイモの大イモ個数と小イモの個数, 小イモ生重量, 茎数の間に, 小イモの個数と茎数の間に, また茎数と地上部生重量の間に5%レベルで有意差が認められた。地上部生重量とイモ生重量の相関係数はr=0.93である。3大タネイモおよび小タネイモの地上部生重量とイモ生重量の間に5%レベルで有意差が認められた。4大タネイモと小タネイモのイモ生重量の間に有意差は認められなかった。また両者の地上部生重量についても同様の結果が得られた。5大イモと小イモのタネイモによる収量の有意差は認められなかった。したがって大イモは食用に小イモはタネイモ用に供した方が得策である。, 1. This study was carried out of the effect on the yield of Dioacorea esculenta using by diffrent weight of seed tubbers, in the Research Institute of Tropical Agricuture, University of the Ryukyus, Iriomote, Okinawa. The result obtained are summarized as fallows; 2. Number of the large tuber, top of the fresh weight, tuber of the fresh weight and number of the stem had recoginized 5% of significance respectively as planted large seed tuber. Correlation as recoginized 0.70 between the fresh weight of top and the fresh weight of tuber. 3. Number of the large tuber, number of the small tuber, fresh weight of the small tuber and number of the stem, number of the small tuber and number of the stem, top of the fresh weight and number of the stem had recoginized 5% of significance reapectively as planted small seed tuber. Correlation was recoginized 0.93 between the frsh weight of top and the fresh weight of tuber. 4. Between the top of fresh weight and the tuber of fresh weight had recoginized 5% of significance as planted each seed tuber large and small. 5. Yield of fresh weight of the tuber, between the large seed tuber and the small seed tuber had not recoginized of significance. Also, about the top of fresh weight get the same result. 6. Diffrent of seed tuber between the large and small had not significance for the yield of tuber. Therfor, it is advisable to use, that large tuber for food and small tuber for seed., 紀要論文

本研究は, 巨大ギンネムの実生及びさし木による繁殖を向上させるためにおこなったものである。本実験では種子の発芽試験をおこない, さらにさし穂のさしつけ用土別, 薬剤処理別, 径級別の発根の比較をこころみた。実験の結果を要約すると次のとおりである。1.巨大ギンネムの種子は, 長径, 短径, 重量ともに在来種よりも大きく, それぞれ1.3,1.5,1.8倍であった。2.発芽に対する最適温度及び温水処理はそれぞれ35℃, 70℃で, その発芽率は80%であった。3.用土別の発根率は, バーミキュライトは海砂及び鹿沼土よりもよかった。4.薬剤処理の発根は無処理よりもよく, とくにメネデール50倍がよかった。5.径級別の発根は1.0∿1.5cm級が他の径級よりもよく, その発根率は約70%であった。, The present study was done for the purpose of promoting vegetative propagation by seedling and cutting of the Giant Ipil-ipil (K28). In this report, the authors tried a germination test of seed and made a comparison of rootings among used soils (Vermiculite, Sea sand and Kanumado), treatments of chemicals, and diameter class, of the cutting. The results of the study are summarized as follows : 1. Maior axis, minor axis and weight (per 100 grains) of the K28 seeds were lager 1.2 times, 1.5 times and 1.8 times than local seeds, respectively. 2. The optimum temperature and hot water temperature for germination were 35℃ and 70℃, respectively, and the percentage of germination was 80%. 3. On the rootings by used soils, Vermiculite gave better effect than Sea sand and Kanumado. 4. The rooting of the cuttings for treatments with chemical gave better effect than the control. the rooting percentage of the cuttings for treatment with diluted solution 50 times of Menedael gave better effect than the other one. 5. On the rootings by the diameter class, rootings of 1.0-1.5cm class gave better among the others, and its rooting percentage was about 70%., 紀要論文

沖縄地域における早生温州の隔年結果対策の一環としてNAA処理による梢枝発生の調節と, 次年度における着花や結実におよぼす影響について検討を行なった結果, 次の諸点が明らかとなった。1.夏季高温時の多肥条件下におけるNAAの萌芽抑制は, 200ppmで無処理区の47%, 500ppmで22%, 1000ppmで12%となり, 濃度が高くなるにつれて著しい効果が認められる。2.萌芽抑制効果の持続期間は, 200ppmで10∿15日, 500ppmで25∿30日, 1000ppmで35∿40日となり, 萌芽抑制と類似の傾向が認められる。3.一般圃場における夏秋梢の抑制については, 新芽発生直前の500ppm, 晩秋梢は200∿500ppmで十分な効果が認められる。4.NAA処理による夏秋または晩秋梢の抑制は, 次年度の着花率をかなり増加させ, 特に生理落果防止に対し著しい効果が認められる。5.NAA処理による梢枝の調節は, 開花期や収穫期の調節にも極めて効果的である。, As one of the method to prevent the alternate bearing of Wase Satuma (C. unshiu var. praeox) in Okinawa district, this study was investigated the control of new shoots sprouting treated by NAA and the influence to the flowering and fruits set in the next year. The results obtained are briefly summarized as fallows : 1. The control of new shoots sprouting treated by NAA under the high nutritional condition with high temperature in summer shows 47 percent by 200ppm, 22 percent by 500ppm, 12 percent by 1000ppm compared with nontreatment. A remarkable effect is recoginized accoding to the concentration of NAA. 2. The period of the effect of buds sprouting control treated by NAA is 10 to 15 days by 200ppm, 25 to 30 days by 500ppm, 35 to 40 days by 1000ppm. It is apt to show the similar percentage of the new shoots sprouting. 3. In the practical application of NAA right befor the new sprouting come out, 500ppm is enough to control the summer and autumn shoots in common citrus orchards, 200 to 500ppm is enough to control the late autumn shoots. 4. The effect of NAA treatment on summer, autumn and late autumn shoots control has fairly increased the rate of flowering and fruits set in the next year. Especially, it has a considerable effect to prevent the phsyiological fruit drop. 5. The regulation of shoots sprouting by NAA treatment has a remarkable effect to control the flowering and harvesting time., 紀要論文

本研究は沖縄地域におけるタンカンの導入過程や生態調査を行なったもので次の諸点が明らかとなった。1.沖縄地域におけるタンカンは, 1935年頃, 台湾から見本程度に導入されたが, 全域的な経済栽培は1966年からである。2.開花期の早晩は, 開花前冬季の気温や雨量, 更には, 前年の新梢の発生時期と深い関係にあり, 暖冬多雨の場合は早く, 新梢の発生時期が早く早期に充実した樹ほど早期開花となっている。3.着化率も前年の新梢発生時期と深い関係にあり, 発生時期が早く早期に充実した樹ほど高くなり, また, 着果樹よりも無着果樹の方が高い着花率となっている。4.糖は11月中旬より増加し始め, 2月下旬において最高に達するが, 糖含量は気象条件によって大きく異なり, 暖冬多雨の場合は13∿14度, 気温が平年なみで乾燥が続く場合は, 15∿16度となり, 全般に高い糖度を示している。5.酸含量は11月中旬より低下し2月中下旬で1%以下となり, 暖冬の年ほど減酸の程度が早くなっている。6.着色については, 気温と乾燥が大きく影響し暖冬多雨の年は2月中下旬, 低温乾燥の年は12月下旬で完全着色となり著しい幅が認められる。7.タンカンは気象条件の大幅な変動にもかかわらず品質は安定し, 病害虫や台風にも強く沖縄地域にとって好適な品種である。, This paper is to do reserch on the process of introduction of Citrus tankan Hayata to Okinawa district and the ecology. As a result the following have been proved. 1. Citrus tankan Hayata was introduced to Okinawa as a sample about 1935 from Taiwan. It has been actively planted as industry since 1966. 2. The blooming time is closely connected not only with the temperature and rainfall of the previous winter but with the sprouting time of new shoots of the year before. The blooming comes earlier when it is warm and there is much rain. 3. The rate of flower see it closely connected with the sprouting time of new shoots of the year before. The trees bloom earlier in the winter when it is warm and rainy. The trees which have new shoots sprouted earlier in the previous year, bloom earlier. The earlier sprouted shoots and nonbearing trees show higher rate of flowerset. 4. The sugar content is greatly influenced by the weather condition. In a warm year with much rain the sugar content is 13 to 14 percent. In the mean year with little rain the content is 15 to 16 percent. Citrus tankan Hayata shows a high percentage of the sugar content under any weather conditions. 5. The acid content begins decreasing in mid-November and it is less than one percent at the end of February. The acid content rapidly decrease in a warm winter. 6. The coloring has greatly influenced by the temperature and the rainfall. In a warm year with much rain the complete coloring is in or after the middle of February. In a cold year with little rain the coloring fulls at the end of December. 7. Although the weather condition in Okinawa is unfavorable, Citrus tankan Hayata is one of the best species for planting in Okinawa district which is strong against disease and insect pest and typhoon. It constantly show a good quality., 紀要論文

本研究は, 沖縄地域における早生温州の収穫期の大幅なずれの安定化を目的として, 特にその主因となっている着花特性についての調査を行なった結果, 次の諸点が明らかとなった。1.着花率は, 新梢の発生時期(令)と深い関係にあり, 発生時期の早いものほど高くなり, おそくなるにしたがって低下する。2.開花期も着花率同様に, 発生時期の早い新梢ほど早期開花となっている。3.樹全体の開花期間は, 梢枝の発生回数の1∿2回の場合は, 20∿25日以内で比較的短いのに対し, 3∿4回の場合は, 35∿40日以上も長くなっている。4.各季発生別の梢枝内の開花期間は極めて短く, 5∿6日以内である。5.冬季の平均気温が20℃以上の場合は着花率は著しく低下する。6.冬季の平均気温が高い場合は, 開花期は早くなる傾向にあるが, 逆に開花期間は長くなっている。7.以上のことは, 沖縄地域の冬季の気温が花芽の分化と発達の条件を併有するために, 生じるものと判断される。, With the object of Citrus unshiu ver. praeox TANAKA to make the havest constant, this study was carried out to investigate the special reference of the flowering in Island of Okinawa. The results obtained are briefly summarized as fallow. 1. The rate of flower set is closely connected with the sprouting time of new shoots. The new shoots sprouted earlier show higher rate of flower set than later. 2. Like the rate of flower set, the blooming time is earlier in the new shoots sprouted earlier than those sprouted later. 3. The length of the blooming time on the whole branches of a tree is 20 to 25 days in the case of the new shoots sprouted once or twice per year. It takes over 35 to 40 days in the case of the shoots sprouted three or four times. 4. The length of the blooming time is extremely short, 5 to 6 days. 5. The rate of flower set is considerably decreased when the tempereture is over 20C. 6. When the mean tempereture in. the winter is higher, the time of blooming seems to be earlier, but in the contrary the length of blooming is longer. 7. This shows that the phenomena mentioned above are brought about as the tempereture of the winter in the Island of Okinawa has both conditions of the differentiation and the developmental growth of flower buds., 紀要論文

クワの優良品種Tai-Song No.2とNo.3について, さし木繁殖を向上させる目的で行なったものである。本実験では当年生の萠芽枝を用いて, さし穂の特性別, さし付用土別, 薬剤処理別に, ガラス室内に設置されたミストボックスを利用して, 1981年9月4日さし付け, 1981年11月4日掘取り調査を行なった。実験の結果, Tai-Song No.3はNo.2より発根率においてすぐれていた。また, 無着葉木質枝を長さ15cmに穂ごしらえしたさし穂は, その他の部分から採穂したさし穂より発根率はすぐれていた。用土別の発根率は, バーミキュライト, 鹿沼土, 海砂および林床土の順位を示した。更に薬剤処理区は対照区より発根, 生長ともにすぐれていた。特にルートン処理は好結果を示した。その他, 新梢長, 葉数, 根長についても測定した。, This study was carried out as the preliminary test in the cuttings of the Mulberry (Morus australis Poir.) cultivar, Tai-Song No. 2 and No. 3 for the purpose of promoting vegetative propagation by cuttings. These experiments made on the cuttings of both green branches and woody branches sprouting in 1981. On the preparation of the cuttings, the leafless woody branches were cut in the lengths of 5cm., 10cm. and 15cm., respectively. Both the leafy woody branches and green branches were cut in the length of a node having a piece of the leaf. Their cuttings were planted in the mist boxes established in glass house on September 4th. 1981 and were investigated on November 4th. 1981. The experiments were tried a comparison among these characters of the cuttings, used soils (Kanumado, Vermiculite, Sea sand and Sandy clay loam.) and treatments of chemicals. The obtained results were briefly summerrized as follows; 1. Tai-Song No. 3 gave better effect than Tai-Song No. 2 to the rooting percentage of the cuttings. 2. The rooting percentage of the cuttings obtained from the leafless woody branches gave better effect than the cuttings obtained from the other part. Theremore, 15cm. in length of the cuttings obtained from the leafless woody branches gave better effect than 5cm. and 10cm. in lengths of the cuttings. 3. On the rooting percentage of each used soils, Vermiculite gave better effect than the Kanumado, Sea sand and Sandy clay loam. 4. The rooting and growth of the cuttings for treatments with chemicals shown better effect than the control. Then, the rooting percentage of the cuttings for treatment with Rootone powder gave better effect than the other one. 5. On the other hand, the rooted cuttings were measured the height of shoots, number of leaves and the maximum length of roots., 紀要論文

レイシの発芽について，15℃，20℃，25℃，30℃，40℃において試験を行なった．その結果15℃では発芽率はきわめて低く，40℃ではほとんどのものが腐敗した．発芽率は，20～30℃で高く，発芽最適温度は，25℃前後から30℃前後であった．, Germination of litchi seed was investigated at temperature 15℃. 20℃, 25℃, 30℃. and 40℃. The ratio of germination at 15℃ was very low. All the seeds at 40℃ were found rotten. The ratio of germination in the range from 20 to 30℃ was high, but the suitable temperature for germination was assumed in the range from 25 to 30℃., 論文