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An increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 has been reported. We aimed to describe the incidence rate of VTE on patients with non-hematological cancer who required hospitalization due to COVID-19 at our center. In this prospective study, non-hematological cancer patients hospitalized for confirmed COVID-19 at our institution from 1st March to 30th April 2020, were evaluated daily for VTE complications during their hospital stay, and after discharge until 30th June 2020. Furthermore, Doppler ultrasound of lower limbs was routinely performed in asymptomatic patients based on D-dimer levels and current active cancer therapy. The primary outcome of this study was the cumulative incidence of VTE. Secondary outcomes were the cumulative incidence of bleeding and mortality. A total of 58 hospitalized non-hematological cancer patients and confirmed COVID-19 were identified. Median follow-up since initial symptoms of COVID-19 was 91 days (IQR 19–104). Pulmonary embolism was diagnosed in three (5%) patients. Symptomatic catheter-related deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was observed in one patient. Doppler ultrasound of lower limbs was done in 11 asymptomatic patients, showing distal DVT in two of them (18%). The cumulative incidence of VTE on day 14 after admission was 10%, without new VTE events after hospital discharge and up to 90 days follow-up. No bleeding complication was observed. Seventeen patients (29%) died in the first 14 days after COVID-19 diagnosis. Four patients died after discharge due to malignancy progression. The cumulative incidence of VTE in non-hematological cancer patients under active treatment was 10% at day 14 after admission, with no further new events in the following 12 weeks. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11239-021-02448-w.

(1) Background: Clinical presentation, disease distribution, or treatment received may provide insights into the reasons contributing to sex differences in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). (2) Methods: We evaluated 453 patients (56% women) between 2007–2019. Data was collected from REHAP (Registro Español de Hipertensión Arterial Pulmonar) registry. Two time periods were selected to evaluate the influence of new treatments over time. (3) Results: Women were older. Baseline functional class was worse, and distance walked shorter in women compared with men. Women had higher pulmonary vascular resistances. Despite this, pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) was carried out in more men, and women received more frequently pulmonary vasodilators exclusively. The 2014–2019 interval was associated with a better survival only among women. Interestingly, women had a more distal disease during this second period of time. (4) Conclusions: Even though women were older, and received invasive treatments less frequently, mortality was similar in both sexes. The introduction of balloon pulmonary angioplasty and the improvement of pulmonary endarterectomy, especially during the last years, could be associated with a survival benefit among women.

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a very infrequent form of pulmonary arterial hypertension with an aggressive clinical course, poor response to specific vasodilator treatment, and low survival. Confirming a definitive diagnosis is essential to guide treatment and assess lung transplantation. However, in the absence of histological or genetic confirmation, the diagnosis is complex, requiring a clinical suspicion. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is an essential part of the non-invasive diagnostic tools of PVOD. We retrospectively reviewed the MDCT findings from a consecutive series of 25 patients diagnosed with PVOD, 9 with the sporadic form and 16 with the hereditary form of the disease. The presence and extent of typical findings of the diagnostic triad were assessed in all patients (ground glass parenchymal involvement, septal lines, and lymphadenopathy). In our series, 92% of patients showed at least two of the radiological findings described as typical of the disease. All patients presented at least one typical radiological characteristic. The incidence of radiological findings considered typical is very high, however was not associated with greater hemodynamic severity nor to the development of acute lung edema. No significant differences were found between the two groups. A poorly expressive MDCT does not exclude the disease.

Pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA) is a common finding in patients with long-term pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The influence of PAH severity in the development of PAA remains unclear. We sought to determine whether PAA development is related to PAH severity and whether treatment optimization based on risk profile estimation is effective to stop pulmonary artery (PA) enlargement. This is a retrospective study of 125 PAH patients who underwent an imaging test (computed tomography or magnetic resonance) combined with a right heart catheterization within a six-month period. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for PAA. Patients who underwent an additional imaging-test and RHC during follow-up were analyzed to evaluate changes on PA dimensions. PAA was diagnosed in 42 (34%) patients. PAA was more frequent in patients with congenital heart disease and toxic oil syndrome. PAH time-course showed to be an independent risk factor for PAA (HR 1.051, 95% CI 1.013-1.091, p = 0.008) whereas PAH severity did not. Twenty-six patients underwent a follow-up imaging-test and catheterization. After treatment optimization, a non-significant reduction of mean PA pressure was observed (58.5 mmHg [43.5-70.8] vs. 55.5 mmHg [47.5-66.3], p = 0.115) and a higher proportion of patients achieved a low-risk profile (19% vs. 35%, p = 0.157). However, the PA diameter significantly increased (40.4 +/- 10.1 mm vs. 42.1 +/- 9.6 mm; p = 0.003). PAA is a common condition in long-standing PAH but its development is not necessarily related to PAH severity. Despite stabilization after treatment optimization, a progressive PA dilatation was observed.

Resumen Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de trombosis de munon arterial (TMA) en cirugias de reseccion pulmonar por carcinoma broncogenico, y describir su evolucion radiologica y tratamiento. Material y metodos Estudio observacional y retrospectivo de casos de TMA detectados mediante angiotomografias con contraste intravenoso (TAC). La comparacion de variables clinicas, radiologicas, y el analisis de supervivencia mediante curvas de Kaplan-Meier, se realizo planteando 3 grupos: pacientes con TMA, pacientes con tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) y pacientes sin TMA ni TEP. Resultados Se detectaron 9 TMA en 473 cirugias (1,9%), 6 de ellas en el lado derecho (67% de las TMA), con una mediana de tiempo de deteccion desde la cirugia de 11,3 meses (rango intercuartilico 2,7-42,2 meses). Salvo el numero de TAC en pacientes con TMA comparados con el grupo sin TEP ni TMA, y la recidiva tumoral en pacientes con TEP en comparacion con los restantes 2 grupos, no se encontraron diferencias estadisticamente significativas en las caracteristicas basales ni en las oncologicas. Igualmente no se encontraron diferencias en el analisis de supervivencia. Conclusiones En nuestra serie, la TMA fue una patologia infrecuente que tendio a localizarse en las cirugias del lado derecho, y cuya deteccion a lo largo del tiempo fue variable. No se asocio a factores de riesgo previos a la cirugia ni tuvo predisposicion en relacion con la estirpe histologica, estadificacion oncologica o recidiva tumoral.

Objective To determine the prevalence of arterial stump thrombosis (AST) after pulmonary resection surgery for lung cancer and to describe subsequent radiological follow-up and treatment. Material and methods Observational, descriptive study of AST detected by computerized tomography angiography (CT) using intravenous contrast. Clinical and radiological variables were compared and a survival analysis using Kaplan–Meier curves was performed after dividing patients into 3 groups: patients with AST, patients with pulmonary embolism (PE), and patients without AST or PE. Results Nine cases of AST were detected after a total of 473 surgeries (1.9%), 6 of them in right-sided surgeries (67% of AST cases). Median time to detection after surgery was 11.3 months (interquartile range 2.7–42.2 months), and range 67.5 months (1.4–69.0 months). Statistically significant differences were found only in the number of CTs performed in AST patients compared to those without AST or PE, and in tumor recurrence in PE patients compared to the other 2 groups. No differences were found in baseline or oncological characteristics, nor in the survival analysis. Conclusions In this series, AST prevalence was low and tended to occur in right-sided surgeries. Detection over time was variable, and unrelated to risk factors previous to surgery, histopathology, and tumor stage or recurrence. AST had no impact on patient survival.

Detection of pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAA) in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is increasing. We sought to determine the frequency of PAA in a PAH cohort, variables related to its development and its prognostic impact. We conducted a retrospective analysis of PAH patients who underwent a computed tomography or magnetic resonance. PAA was defined as a pulmonary artery >40 mm. Baseline, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic findings at PAH diagnosis were compared. Freedom from death or lung transplant was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by logrank test. Predictors of PAA development were analyzed with multivariate models. Two-hundred patients underwent a computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance. In 77 (38%), a PAA (48.3 +/- 7.2 mm) was detected. Time-course (months) of PAH was an independent risk factor for PAA (hazard ratio 1.01; 95% confidence interval 1.002 to 1.019; p = 0.016) whilst connective tissue disease was associated with a lower risk (hazard ratio 0.236; 95% confidence interval 0.060 to 0.920; p = 0.037). PAA patients showed lower rates of death and lung transplant from PAH diagnosis (p = 0.005), but no differences appeared when survival analysis was performed from first imaging test (p = 0.269). PAA patients presented a nonsignificant higher rate of sudden death (5% PAA vs 1% noPAA; p = 0.073). In conclusion, the frequency of PAA was 38%. PAH time-course was an independent risk factor for PAA development whereas connective tissue disease -related PAH patients showed a lower risk. PAA patients showed lower rates of death or lung transplant from PAH diagnosis but no differences were found from imaging test. PAA patients had a nonsignificant higher rate of sudden death. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.