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1. Jack-of-all-trades effects drive biodiversity–ecosystem multifunctionality relationships in European forests

Author

Fons van der Plas, Peter Manning, Eric Allan, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Kris Verheyen, Christian Wirth, Miguel A. Zavala, Andy Hector, Evy Ampoorter, Lander Baeten, Luc Barbaro, Jürgen Bauhus, Raquel Benavides, Adam Benneter, Felix Berthold, Damien Bonal, Olivier Bouriaud, Helge Bruelheide, Filippo Bussotti, Monique Carnol, Bastien Castagneyrol, Yohan Charbonnier, David Coomes, Andrea Coppi, Cristina C. Bastias, Seid Muhie Dawud, Hans De Wandeler, Timo Domisch, Leena Finér, Arthur Gessler, André Granier, Charlotte Grossiord, Virginie Guyot, Stephan Hättenschwiler, Hervé Jactel, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, François-Xavier Joly, Tommaso Jucker, Julia Koricheva, Harriet Milligan, Sandra Müller, Bart Muys, Diem Nguyen, Martina Pollastrini, Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen, Federico Selvi, Jan Stenlid, Fernando Valladares, Lars Vesterdal, Dawid Zielínski, and Markus Fischer

Subjects
Science
Abstract

How biodiversity is linked to multiple ecosystem functions is not fully understood. Here, the authors show that a new mechanism, which they term the 'jack-of-all-trades' effect, best explains patterns of tree diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality in European forests.

Published
2016
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2. Numerical and functional responses of forest bats to a major insect pest in pine plantations.

Author

Yohan Charbonnier, Luc Barbaro, Amandine Theillout, and Hervé Jactel

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Global change is expected to modify the frequency and magnitude of defoliating insect outbreaks in forest ecosystems. Bats are increasingly acknowledged as effective biocontrol agents for pest insect populations. However, a better understanding is required of whether and how bat communities contribute to the resilience of forests to man- and climate-driven biotic disturbances.We studied the responses of forest insectivorous bats to a major pine defoliator, the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa, which is currently expanding its range in response to global warming [corrected]. We used pheromone traps and ultrasound bat recorders to estimate the abundance and activity of moths and predatory bats along the edge of infested pine stands. We used synthetic pheromone to evaluate the effects of experimentally increased moth availability on bat foraging activity. We also evaluated the top-down regulation of moth population by estimating T. pityocampa larval colonies abundance on the same edges the following winter. We observed a close spatio-temporal matching between emergent moths and foraging bats, with bat activity significantly increasing with moth abundance. The foraging activity of some bat species was significantly higher near pheromone lures, i.e. in areas of expected increased prey availability. Furthermore moth reproductive success significantly decreased with increasing bat activity during the flight period of adult moths. These findings suggest that bats, at least in condition of low prey density, exhibit numerical and functional responses to a specific and abundant prey, which may ultimately result in an effective top-down regulation of the population of the prey. These observations are consistent with bats being useful agents for the biocontrol of insect pest populations in plantation forests.

Published
2014
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3. Biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services and organic viticulture: A glass half-full

Author

Léa Beaumelle, Brice Giffard, Pauline Tolle, Silvia Winter, Martin H. Entling, Emilio Benítez, Johann G. Zaller, Arthur Auriol, Olivier Bonnard, Yohan Charbonnier, Olivier Fabreguettes, Benjamin Joubard, Sebastian Kolb, Noémie Ostandie, Jo Marie Reiff, Sylvie Richart-Cervera, Adrien Rusch, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Austrian Science Fund, and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)

Subjects
Soil ecosystem services, Ecology, Pest control services, Landscape ecology, Multifunctionality, Crop yield, Animal Science and Zoology, Agronomy and Crop Science, Multitrophic biodiversity
Abstract

Organic farming is a promising but still debated option to ensure sustainable agriculture. However, whether organic farming fosters synergies or mitigates tradeoffs between biodiversity, ecosystem services and crop production has rarely been quantified. Here, we investigate relationships between multitrophic diversity (14 taxa above and belowground), yield, natural pest control and soil quality (14 proxies of ecosystem services) in organic and conventional vineyards along a landscape gradient. Organic farming enhanced biodiversity and pest control, but decreased wine production. Compared to conventional systems, multitrophic diversity was 15 % higher, and pest control services were 9 % higher in organic systems, while wine production was 11 % lower. Regardless of management type, we found a strong tradeoff between wine production and pest control, but not between wine production and biodiversity. The landscape context was not a strong moderator of organic farming effects across taxa groups and ecosystem services, but affected specific taxa and ecosystem services, especially natural pest control. Our study reveals that wine production and biodiversity conservation do not necessarily exclude each other, which implies the existence of a safe operating space where biodiversity and wine production can be combined. We conclude that organic farming can contribute to improve the sustainability of viticulture, but needs to be complemented by management options at the local and landscape scales in order to fully balance biodiversity conservation with the simultaneous provision of multiple ecosystem services., This research was funded by the research project SECBIVIT, which was funded through the 2017–2018 Belmont Forum and BiodivERsA joint call for research proposals, under the BiodivScen ERA-Net COFUND program, with the funding organizations: Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/Spain, grant PCI2018-092938; MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033); Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (grant number I 4025-B32); Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF/Germany) (grant number 031A349I); French National Research Agency (ANR); Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); National Science Foundation (grant #1850943); and Romanian Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development, and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI). The authors also acknowledge the support of the ECOPHYTO 2+ Plan under the grant X4IN33VI (OPERA project) as well as the support the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the grant 20-PCPA-0010 (PPR Vitae, Cultivating the grapevine without pesticides: towards agroecological wine-producing socio-ecosystems). We thank Evelyne Thys and Hugo Hernandez for their help in field sampling, Lionel Delbac for the Lobesia botrana rearing, Alexis Saintilan for identifying pollinators, and Edith Gruber for identifying earthworms.

Published
2023
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4. Pest control services provided by bats in vineyard landscapes

Author

Noriane Rhouy, Yohan Charbonnier, Adrien Rusch, Daciana Papura, Olivier Touzot, Gilles Sentenac, Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux (LPO), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Eliomys, and Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Lobesia botrana, Acoustic sampling, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, Predation, Chiroptera, PCR amplification, Trophic level, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, biology, business.industry, Pest control, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Molecular analysis, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Animal Science and Zoology, PEST analysis, Viticulture, Specific primers, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

International audience; Faced with current health and environmental challenges, viticulture is directly concerned with the need to reduce pesticide use. Natural pest control services provided by bats have been demonstrated in other crops and is regularly mentioned as a way to reduce pesticide use. However, the trophic link between bats and grape pests as well as the effect of pest presence on bat activities remain largely unknown. To investigate the functional role of bats in vineyard landscapes, we used two independent approaches. We monitored the activities of bats and of the European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana) in 23 vineyards located in the Bordeaux region (France). In parallel, we developed DNA primers to examine bat faeces from two regions, Bordeaux and Burgundy, for the presence of the three main species of grapevine moths. Our results demonstrate that bats significantly increase their hunting activity when European grapevine moths are present in vineyards. In addition, our molecular analysis of the faeces provides robust evidence that at least 10 species of bats predate the three grapevine moth species. Our results therefore suggest that bats can be natural enemies of grape pests in vineyard landscapes. Further research is now needed to investigate the consequences of predation of pests by bats on crop production as well as the effect of some management options at both the local and landscape scale to increase the level of pest control services provided by bats.

Published
2021
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5. Biotic predictors complement models of bat and bird responses to climate and tree diversity in European forests

Author

Luc Barbaro, Monique Carnol, Julia Koricheva, Kris Verheyen, Hans De Wandeler, Bastien Castagneyrol, Hervé Jactel, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Fons van der Plas, Yohan Charbonnier, Aude Vialatte, Evy Ampoorter, Bart Muys, Christian Kerbiriou, Marc Deconchat, Pallieter De Smedt, Isabelle Le Viol, Eric Allan, Harriet Milligan, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Plant Ecology Group, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Forest & Nature Laboratory, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), CESCO, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4), School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London (RHUL), UMR 1201 Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers, Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, Institute of Plant Biology B22, Faculty of Biology, Geobotany, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, earthworms, Biology, Environment, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Birds, spiders, Abundance (ecology), Chiroptera, Forest ecology, Animals, Ecosystem, General Environmental Science, Trophic level, trophic interactions, Biotic component, defoliating insects, General Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Species diversity, General Medicine, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, functional diversity, Europe, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Species evenness, ungulate browsing, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

Bats and birds are key providers of ecosystem services in forests. How climate and habitat jointly shape their communities is well studied, but whether biotic predictors from other trophic levels may improve bird and bat diversity models is less known, especially across large bioclimatic gradients. Here, we achieved multi-taxa surveys in 209 mature forests replicated in six European countries from Spain to Finland, to investigate the importance of biotic predictors (i.e. the abundance or activity of defoliating insects, spiders, earthworms and wild ungulates) for bat and bird taxonomic and functional diversity. We found that nine out of 12 bird and bat diversity metrics were best explained when biotic factors were added to models including climate and habitat variables, with a mean gain in explained variance of 38% for birds and 15% for bats. Tree functional diversity was the most important habitat predictor for birds, while bats responded more to understorey structure. The best biotic predictors for birds were spider abundance and defoliating insect activity, while only bat functional evenness responded positively to insect herbivory. Accounting for potential biotic interactions between bats, birds and other taxa of lower trophic levels will help to understand how environmental changes along large biogeographical gradients affect higher-level predator diversity in forest ecosystems.

Published
2019
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6. Continental mapping of forest ecosystem functions reveals a high but unrealised potential for forest multifunctionality

Author

Stephan Kambach, Hervé Jactel, Yohan Charbonnier, Bart Muys, Ewa Chećko, Andrea Coppi, Lars Gamfeldt, Sandra Cristina Müller, Timo Domisch, Bastien Castagneyrol, Charles A. Nock, Sophia Ratcliffe, Josep Peñuelas, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Julia Koricheva, Fons van der Plas, Jan Stenlid, Bettina Ohse, Eric Allan, Jens Kattge, Stephan Hättenschwiler, Miguel A. Zavala, Lars Vesterdal, Lander Baeten, Alain Paquette, Kris Verheyen, Charlotte Grossiord, Damien Bonal, Monique Carnol, Jürgen Bauhus, François-Xavier Joly, Leena Finér, Rupert Seidl, Paloma Ruiz-Benito, Tommaso Jucker, Mariangela N. Fotelli, Luc Barbaro, Markus Fischer, Peter Manning, Georges Kunstler, Adam Benneter, Johan Van Keer, Aleksi Lehtonen, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Diem Nguyen, Evy Ampoorter, Arthur Gessler, Marc Deconchat, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Kalliopi Radoglou, Olivier Bouriaud, Jonas Dahlgren, Christian Wirth, Pallieter De Smedt, Harriet Milligan, Virginie Guyot, Mario Liebergesell, Fernando Valladares, Martina Pollastrini, Raquel Benavides, Filippo Bussotti, Federico Selvi, Cristina C. Bastias, André Granier, Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen, Seid Muhie Dawud, Hans De Wandeler, Gerald Kaendler, Josephine Haase, Fabian Roger, Helge Bruelheide, German Research Foundation, European Commission, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación (España), UNIVESITY OF BERN CHE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Fakultät für Physik und Geowissenschaften [Leipzig], Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING GBR, UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG DEU, GHENT UNIVERSITY BEL, UNIVERSIDAD DE ALCALA ESP, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), CSIC MNCN MADRID ESP, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), University Stefan cel Mare of Suceava (USU), GERMAN CENTRE FOR INTEGRATIVE BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH LEIPZIG DEU, UNIVERSITY OF FIRENZE ITA, UNIVERSITY OF LIEGE BEL, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW POL, UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN DNK, CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN BEL, NATURAL RESOURCES INSTITUTE OF FINLAND JOENSUU FIN, FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF THESSALONIKI VASSILIKA GRC, WSL BIRMENSDORF CHE, LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY USA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE GBR, MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITY HALLE DEU, FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE BADEN WURTTEMBERG DEU, ROYAL HOLLOWAY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON GBR, Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), UNIVERSITY OF BERN CHE, UNIVERSITE DU QUEBEC MONTREAL CAN, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), and Systems Ecology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, upscaling, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, Forest management, Biodiversity, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, tree communities, Ecosystem services, Phylogenetic diversity, forest, Forest ecology, Upscaling, Large‐scale, Humans, Ecosystem, Forest, Recreation, climate, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ecosystem multifunctionality, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, SDG 15 - Life on Land, biodiversity, Ecosystem multifunctionality, Forest inventory, Land use, Ecology, FunDivEUROPE, Tree communities, 15. Life on land, Europe, Geography, Ecosystems Research, large-scale, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, phylogenetic diversity, ecosystem services
Abstract

Humans require multiple services from ecosystems, but it is largely unknown whether trade‐offs between ecosystem functions prevent the realisation of high ecosystem multifunctionality across spatial scales. Here, we combined a comprehensive dataset (28 ecosystem functions measured on 209 forest plots) with a forest inventory dataset (105,316 plots) to extrapolate and map relationships between various ecosystem multifunctionality measures across Europe. These multifunctionality measures reflected different management objectives, related to timber production, climate regulation and biodiversity conservation/recreation. We found that trade‐offs among them were rare across Europe, at both local and continental scales. This suggests a high potential for ‘win‐win’ forest management strategies, where overall multifunctionality is maximised. However, across sites, multifunctionality was on average 45.8‐49.8% below maximum levels and not necessarily highest in protected areas. Therefore, using one of the most comprehensive assessments so far, our study suggests a high but largely unrealised potential for management to promote multifunctional forests., This paper is a joint effort of the working group ‘Scaling biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning relations: a synthesis based on the FunDivEUROPE research platforms’ on the 24th–26th November 2014 in Leipzig, Germany, kindly supported by sDiv, the Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, funded by the German Research Foundation (FZT 118). The FunDivEUROPE project received funding from the European Union's Seventh Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement No. 265171. We thank the MAGRAMA for access to the Spanish Forest Inventory, the Johann Heinrich von Thünen‐Institut for access to the German National Forest Inventories, the Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE) for making the Finnish NFI data available, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences for making the Swedish NFI data available, and Hugues Lecomte, from the Walloon Forest Inventory, for access to the Walloon NFI data. The study was supported by the TRY initiative on plant traits (http://www.trydb.org).

Published
2018
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7. Egg mortality in the pine processionary moth: habitat diversity, microclimate and predation effects

Author

Anne-Maïmiti Dulaurent-Mercadal, Yohan Charbonnier, Hervé Jactel, Bastien Castagneyrol, and Luc Barbaro

Subjects
Abiotic component, education.field_of_study, Ecology, fungi, Population, Biological pest control, Forestry, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Predation, Lepidoptera genitalia, Deciduous, Insect Science, Infestation, medicine, PEST analysis, education, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Little is known about the relative effect of different mortality factors triggering the population dynamics of outbreaking Lepidoptera (e.g. climate, natural enemies, habitat diversity), especially at the egg stage. The presence of broadleaved hedgerows bordering pine stands has been shown to reduce infestation by Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermuller, Lepidoptera). This effect of habitat diversity has been proposed to result from the disruption of visual and chemical cues that the female moth uses to locate its host. In the present study, we further hypothesized that egg mortality was higher behind broadleaved hedgerows because of higher predation or parasitism, or as a result of harsher microclimatic conditions. A total of 120 egg masses obtained from laboratory rearing were exposed under three exclusion treatments (large predators, predators and parasitoids, no exclusion). Overall egg mortality was 35%. Predation was the main cause of mortality (22%). Mortality as a result of abiotic factors (abortion) was only 12%. Almost no parasitoids were observed. Overall mortality did not differ between pines bordered (or not) by deciduous hedgerows, nor did mortality differ as a result of predation or abortion. Despite an important contribution of predation to mortality in T. pityocampa eggs, the effect of deciduous hedgerows on tree infestation by this pest is more likely to result from disruption of female moth behaviour than from differential mortality.

Published
2014
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8. Bat and bird diversity along independent gradients of latitude and tree composition in European forests

Author

Yohan Charbonnier, Hervé Jactel, Luc Barbaro, Evy Ampoorter, Julien Nezan, Kris Verheyen, Jean-Yves Barnagaud, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Insectivorous vertebrates, INSECTIVOROUS BATS, CONSERVATION, Biodiversity, Biology, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, PINE PLANTATIONS, Trees, Birds, Avian communities, FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY, Abundance (ecology), RICHNESS, Chiroptera, Temperate climate, Animals, HABITAT, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biogeography, Ecosystem, GLOBAL PATTERNS, LANDSCAPE, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, functional evenness, POINT COUNT, Species diversity, Understory, insectivorous vertebrates, 15. Life on land, SPECIES-ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS, Understorey structure, Functional evenness, understorey structure, Biogeography, avian communities, Species evenness, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Temperate rainforest
Abstract

International audience; Species assemblages are shaped by local and continental-scale processes that are seldom investigated together, due to the lack of surveys along independent gradients of latitude and habitat types. Our study investigated changes in the effects of forest composition and structure on bat and bird diversity across Europe. We compared the taxonomic and functional diversity of bat and bird assemblages in 209 mature forest plots spread along gradients of forest composition and vertical structure, replicated in 6 regions spanning from the Mediterranean to the boreal biomes. Species richness and functional evenness of both bat and bird communities were affected by the interactions between latitude and forest composition and structure. Bat and bird species richness increased with broadleaved tree cover in temperate and especially in boreal regions but not in the Mediterranean where they increased with conifer abundance. Bat species richness was lower in forests with smaller trees and denser understorey only in northern regions. Bird species richness was not affected by forest structure. Bird functional evenness increased in younger and denser forests. Bat functional evenness was also influenced by interactions between latitude and understorey structure, increasing in temperate forests but decreasing in the Mediterranean. Covariation between bat and bird abundances also shifted across Europe, from negative in southern forests to positive in northern forests. Our results suggest that community assembly processes in bats and birds of European forests are predominantly driven by abundance and accessibility of feeding resources, i.e., insect prey, and their changes across both forest types and latitudes.

Published
2016
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9. Biotic homogenization can decrease landscape-scale forest multifunctionality

Author

Harriet Milligan, Miguel A. Zavala, Sandra Mueller, Lander Baeten, Santiago Soliveres, Peter Manning, Tommaso Jucker, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Hervé Jactel, Arthur Gessler, Olivier Bouriaud, Andrea Coppi, Fons van der Plas, Kris Verheyen, Hans De Wandeler, Damien Bonal, Stephan Hättenschwiler, Diem Nguyen, Evy Ampoorter, Bart Muys, Monique Carnol, Dawid Zielinski, Christian Wirth, David A. Coomes, Lars Vesterdal, Leena Finér, Timo Domisch, Jan Stenlid, Virginie Guyot, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen, Helge Bruelheide, Julia Koricheva, Adam Benneter, Fernando Valladares, Eric Allan, Sophia Ratcliffe, Federico Selvi, Bastien Castagneyrol, Yohan Charbonnier, Christina C. Bestias, André Granier, François-Xavier Joly, Seid Muhie Dawud, Martina Pollastrini, Charlotte Grossiord, Raquel Benavides, Filippo Bussotti, Markus Fischer, Jürgen Bauhus, Luc Barbaro, Coomes, David Anthony [0000-0002-8261-2582], Gessler, Arthur [0000-0002-1910-9589], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Bern, Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), Faculty of Biology/Geobotany, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Dept Forest & Water Management, Lab Forestry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Department of Forest and Water Management, Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universitatea Stefan cel Mare Suceava (USU), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - German Research Foundation (DFG), Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Dept Agri Food Prod & Environm Sci, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Lab Plant & Microbial Ecol, Inst Bot B22, Université de Liège, Bretagne Vivante, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Finnish Forest Research Institute, Forest Dynam, Swiss Federal Research Institute, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division [Los Alamos], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Warsaw (UW), Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Gastroentérologie [Hôpital Beaujon], Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institut für Spezielle Botanik und Funktionelle Biodiversität, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Uniwersytet Warszawski, Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Institute of Food Chemistry, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 265171., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), European Commission, Allan, Eric [0000-0001-9641-9436], Albert Ludwigs University, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], German Research Foundation, University of Florence (UNIFI), Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Hôpital Beaujon, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Allan, Eric

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Databases, Factual, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Forest management, Homogenization (climate), Biodiversity, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Corrections, Models, Biological, Environmental science, Trees, β-diversity, Ecosystem functioning, FunDivEUROPE, Spatial scale, Multidisciplinary, Ecosystem, Computer Simulation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, spatial scale, Ecology, Beta-diversity, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Europe, Geography, Medio Ambiente, ecosystem functioning, Species richness, Tree species
Abstract

Many experiments have shown that local biodiversity loss impairs the ability of ecosystems to maintain multiple ecosystem functions at high levels (multifunctionality). In contrast, the role of biodiversity in driving ecosystem multifunctionality at landscape scales remains unresolved. We used a comprehensive pan-European dataset, including 16 ecosystem functions measured in 209 forest plots across six European countries, and performed simulations to investigate how local plot-scale richness of tree species (α-diversity) and their turnover between plots (β-diversity) are related to landscape-scale multifunctionality. After accounting for variation in environmental conditions, we found that relationships between α-diversity and landscape-scale multifunctionality varied from positive to negative depending on the multifunctionality metric used. In contrast, when significant, relationships between β-diversity and landscape-scale multifunctionality were always positive, because a high spatial turnover in species composition was closely related to a high spatial turnover in functions that were supported at high levels. Our findings have major implications for forest management and indicate that biotic homogenization can have previously unrecognized and negative consequences for large-scale ecosystem multifunctionality., The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 265171.

Published
2016
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10. Seasonal variation in oceanographic habitat and behaviour of white-chinned petrels Procellaria aequinoctialis from Kerguelen Island

Author

Maite Louzao, Karine Delord, Richard A. Phillips, Henri Weimerskirch, Cédric Marteau, Yohan Charbonnier, and Clara Péron

Subjects
geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, Foraging, Aquatic Science, Seasonality, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Arctic ice pack, Predation, Bycatch, Procellaria aequinoctialis, Geography, Habitat, medicine, Upwelling, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Marine environments experience seasonal variation in physical and biological parame- ters, with consequent changes in predator distributions. During the breeding period, proximity to suitable feeding sites is essential for central place foragers, whereas during the non-breeding period their distribution is relatively unconstrained. We combined light-based geolocation and satellite tracking to investigate seasonal variation in foraging grounds and behaviour of white-chinned petrels from Kerguelen Island. Birds were associated with highly productive areas throughout the year. During breeding (summer), they performed long commuting trips from the colony to distant, productive Antarctic waters. Thereafter, birds migrated 5200 km westwards to the Benguela upwelling system off Namibia and South Africa to spend the winter. This seasonal shift of foraging grounds coincides with a change in activity patterns; much less time was spent in flight in winter than in summer. Individual variability in the locations of foraging zones and seasonal/daily activity pat- terns was low. Trip durations were shorter during chick-rearing than incubation, although birds often travelled as far or farther, tracking the gradual break up of pack ice. Habitat use models revealed an association with distance to sea-ice edge and chlorophyll a gradient during incubation, whereas sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a gradient best explained habitat use during chick rearing. White-chinned petrels are likely to overlap with other marine predators and fisheries throughout the year. Fishery bycatch constitutes the most significant direct threat to petrels at sea. Moreover, future climate-induced reductions in productivity could affect birds year-round.

Published
2010
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11. King-size fast food for Antarctic fur seals

Author

Yohan Charbonnier, Jean-Baptiste Thiebot, and Karine Delord

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Adult male, Spheniscidae, Arctocephalus gazella, biology.organism_classification, Aptenodytes patagonicus, Caniformia, Predation, Fishery, Archipelago, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Arctocephalus tropicalis, geographic locations
Abstract

The study of scats of adult male Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella (AFS) revealed occasional frequent capture of penguins. Although AFS adult males have been occasionally reported to kill king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus at the shore, here we report the first observations of at-sea predation by AFS on adult king penguins in the Crozet archipelago, southern Indian Ocean. During our 20 days survey, we observed 17 penguins attacked and either severely injured or killed and consumed. Only AFS adult males were seen catching king penguins successfully. Some adult females and sub-adults also attempted to catch penguins, either at sea or in land, and so did subantarctic fur seals Arctocephalus tropicalis individuals. Our results confirm the ability of fur seals to catch and predate large seabirds, even at sea.

Published
2009
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12. Deciduous trees increase bat diversity at stand and landscape scales in mosaic pine plantations

Author

Julien Nezan, Yohan Charbonnier, Hervé Jactel, Inge van Halder, Pierre Gaüzère, Luc Barbaro, Jean-Yves Barnagaud, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), GIP Ecofor, Region Aquitaine, TRANZFOR exchange programme, and Crown Research Institute from the New Zealand Government

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Forage (honey bee), Ecology, chiroptera, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Geography, Planning and Development, mixed forests, Insectivore, 15. Life on land, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Deciduous, Habitat, Abundance (ecology), complementation, south-western France, bat communities, Species richness, Landscape ecology, mosaic landscapes, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

International audience; Context In heterogeneous landscapes, habitat complementation is a key process underlying the distribution of mobile species able to exploit non-substitutable resources over large home ranges. For instance, insectivorous bats need to forage in a diversity of habitat patches offering varied compositions and structures within forest landscape mosaics to fulfill their life cycle requirements. Objectives We aimed at analyzing the effects of forest structure and composition measured at the stand and landscape scales on bat species richness, abundance and community composition in pine plantation forests of south-western France. Methods We sampled bat communities at different periods of the summer season using automatic ultrasound recorders along a tree composition gradient from pine monocultures to pure oak stands. We analyzed bat species activity (as a proxy for bat abundance) and species richness with linear mixed models. Distance-based constrained ordinations were used to partition the spatio-temporal variation in bat communities. Results Deciduous tree cover increased bat activity and modified community composition at both stand and landscape scales. Changes in bat communities were mostly driven by landscape-scale variables while bat activity responded more to stand-scale predictors. Conclusions The maintenance of deciduous trees at both stand and landscape scales is likely critical for bat communities living in fast-growing conifer plantations, by increasing the availability and diversity of prey and roosting sites. Our study suggests that bats respond to forest composition at both stand and landscape scales in mosaic plantation landscapes, mainly through a resource complementation process.

Published
2016
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13. Ecological responses of parasitoids, predators and associated insect communities to the climate-driven expansion of the pine processionary moth

Author

Yohan Charbonnier, Andrea Battisti, Sébastien Blache, Fabrice Vetillard, Carole Kerdelhué, Francis Goussard, Luc Barbaro, Jacques Garcia, Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg, Charles-Edouard Imbert, Alain Roques, Magally Torres-Leguizamon, Olivier Denux, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Universita di Padova, Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ecology, Range (biology), media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Endangered species, Vertebrate, Insectivore, Insect, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Generalist and specialist species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, 03 medical and health sciences, 13. Climate action, biology.animal, Arthropod, 030304 developmental biology, media_common
Abstract

International audience; The expansion of the pine processionary moth with climate warming is likely to modify the interactions with its associated arthropod and vertebrate communities of parasitoids, predators and competitors. A first section details the response of some egg parasitoids to moth expansion. Then, we investigate how insectivorous vertebrates (specialist birds, generalist birds and generalist bats) may or not be efficient predators of T. pityocampa on the range expansion gradients. Finally, we discuss whether the expansion of the moth in inner Alpine valleys may become a serious threat to the endangered Spanish moon moth by competing for the same pine needle resource.

Published
2015
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14. Numerical and functional responses of forest bats to a major insect pest in pine plantations

Author

Hervé Jactel, Luc Barbaro, Yohan Charbonnier, Amandine Theillout, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux

Subjects
animal structures, Forest Ecology, piège à phéromone, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Foraging, Population, Predation, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, chauve souris, Forest ecology, papillon, technique des ultrasons, Terrestrial Ecology, education, lcsh:Science, écosystème forestier, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Reproductive success, lutte contre les insectes, fungi, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Agriculture, Insectivore, chenille processionnaire, 15. Life on land, Pheromone trap, intéraction prédateur et parasitoïde, Trophic Interactions, Community Ecology, 13. Climate action, lcsh:Q, Pest Control, PEST analysis, Research Article
Abstract

Global change is expected to modify the frequency and magnitude of defoliating insect outbreaks in forest ecosystems. Bats are increasingly acknowledged as effective biocontrol agents for pest insect populations. However, a better understanding is required of whether and how bat communities contribute to the resilience of forests to man- and climate-driven biotic disturbances.We studied the responses of forest insectivorous bats to a major pine defoliator, the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa, which is currently expanding its range in response to global warming [corrected]. We used pheromone traps and ultrasound bat recorders to estimate the abundance and activity of moths and predatory bats along the edge of infested pine stands. We used synthetic pheromone to evaluate the effects of experimentally increased moth availability on bat foraging activity. We also evaluated the top-down regulation of moth population by estimating T. pityocampa larval colonies abundance on the same edges the following winter. We observed a close spatio-temporal matching between emergent moths and foraging bats, with bat activity significantly increasing with moth abundance. The foraging activity of some bat species was significantly higher near pheromone lures, i.e. in areas of expected increased prey availability. Furthermore moth reproductive success significantly decreased with increasing bat activity during the flight period of adult moths. These findings suggest that bats, at least in condition of low prey density, exhibit numerical and functional responses to a specific and abundant prey, which may ultimately result in an effective top-down regulation of the population of the prey. These observations are consistent with bats being useful agents for the biocontrol of insect pest populations in plantation forests.

Published
2014
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15. A comparison of direct and distance sampling methods to estimate abundance of nesting gulls

Author

Yohan Charbonnier, Jean-Baptiste Thiebot, Guillaume Gélinaud, Hélène Gadennne, Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Matthieu Fortin, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Bretagne Vivante, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
COUNTS, Distance sampling, ILDEFONSO, Ecology, ACCURACY, BLACK-BACKED GULLS, COLONY, SIZES, DETECTION PROBABILITY, Nest, Abundance (ecology), CHILE, Statistics, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, ARCHIPELAGO, Transect, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Mathematics
Abstract

International audience; We compared the performances of the strip transect count method and the distancesampling method during colony surveys of large gulls to estimate the total number of nests. Ten colonieswere surveyed by both methods. Nest detection probabilities varied from 0.519 ± 0.064 to 0.706 ± 0.049and the average nest detection probability was 0.614 ± 0.015. Nest densities were highly variable, rangingfrom 77 nests/ha to 717 nests/ha. Estimates of the number of nests obtained by the strip transect countmethod averaged 9.3% lower than those obtained by distance sampling but by as much as 31% in somecolonies. Underestimation by the strip transect counts increased at high nest densities (Kendall t = −0.556,P = 0.032). The strip transect method needed on average 6.5 observers per colony surveyed, whereasthe distance sampling method required 1.4 observers per colony. In addition, the mean time spent percolony was 3 hours vs 1.7 hours for the strip transect and distance sampling methods respectively.Combining both these measures of effort, distance sampling required on average 87% less effort in thefield than the strip transect method. We strongly advocate the use of distance sampling for surveys oflarge gull colonies.

Published
2013
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16. A novel comparative research platform designed to determine the functional significance of tree species diversity in European forests

Author

Julia Koricheva, Leena Finér, Hervé Jactel, Martin Hermy, Daniel Avacariei, Ewa Chećko, Andy Hector, Miguel A. Zavala, Sandra Mueller, David Coomess, Gabriel Duduman, Mario Liebergesell, Harriet Milligan, Hans De Wandeler, Wim de Vries, Marc Deconchat, Manfred J. Lexer, Adam Benneter, Johanna Boberg, Virginie Guyot, Arthur Gessler, Helge Bruelheide, Martina Pollastrini, Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen, Teresa E. Gimeno, Eric Allan, Wolfgang Braggernann, Sigrid Berger, Andrea Coppi, Liviu Nichiforel, Diem Nguyen, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Mariangela N. Fotelli, Sonia G. Rabasa, Evy Ampoorter, Lars Vesterdal, Bart Muys, Ionu Barnoaiea, Carsten Beinhoff, Christian Wirth, Sophia Ratcliffe, Stephan Haettenschwiler, Raphaël Proulx, Charlotte Grossiord, Kris Verheyen, Damien Bonal, Lander Baeten, V. Holland, François-Xavier Joly, Markus Fischer, Ian Seiferling, Dawid Zielinski, Bastien Castagneyrol, Harald Auge, Raquel Benavides, Felix Berthold, Tommaso Jucker, Kalliopi Radoglou, Filippo Bussotti, Klaus von Wilpert, Federico Selvi, Cristina C. Bastias, Eleftheria Dalmaris, Fernando Valladaresh, André Granier, Seid Muhie Dawud, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Yohan Charbonnier, Monique Carnol, Simon Kolb, Jürgen Bauhus, Luc Barbaro, Gabriel Danila, Timo Domisch, Lydia Hantsch, Jan Stenlid, Department of Forest and Water Management, Forest & Nature Lab, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Dept Forest & Water Management, Lab Forestry, Institut für Biologie I, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - German Research Foundation (DFG), Dept. of Agri-Food and Environmental Sciences, Section of Soil and Plant Science, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Finnish Forest Research Institute, University of Warsaw (UW), University of Bern, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), German Institute for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Faculty of Biology, Chair of Geobotany, University of Freiburg, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Lab Plant & Microbial Ecol, Inst Bot B22, Université de Liège, Bretagne Vivante, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Institute of Food Chemistry, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Oxford [Oxford], Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Department for Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Plant Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut für Spezielle Botanik und Funktionelle Biodiversität, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Uniwersytet Warszawski, Faculty of Biology/Geobotany, European Union Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013, 265171], Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), German Research Foundation, University of Florence (UNIFI), Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), and Albert Ludwigs University

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, services, productivity, stands, consequences, Biodiversity, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Multidiversity, biodiversity loss, Forest ecology, Forest plot, ecosystem function, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Ecosystem diversity, Duurzaam Bodemgebruik, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sustainable Soil Use, WIMEK, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Species diversity, FunDivEUROPE, 15. Life on land, Tree (data structure), Environmental Systems Analysis, Milieusysteemanalyse, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Multifunctionality, Ecosystem functioning, Species evenness, evenness, Species richness, business, Tree species diversity, richness, 010606 plant biology & botany, temperate
Abstract

Lander Baeten [et al.], One of the current advances in functional biodiversity research is the move away from short-lived test systems towards the exploration of diversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in structurally more complex ecosystems. In forests, assumptions about the functional significance of tree species diversity have only recently produced a new generation of research on ecosystem processes and services. Novel experimental designs have now replaced traditional forestry trials, but these comparatively young experimental plots suffer from specific difficulties that are mainly related to the tree size and longevity. Tree species diversity experiments therefore need to be complemented with comparative observational studies in existing forests. Here we present the design and implementation of a new network of forest plots along tree species diversity gradients in six major European forest types: the FunDivEUROPE Exploratory Platform. Based on a review of the deficiencies of existing observational approaches and of unresolved research questions and hypotheses, we discuss the fundamental criteria that shaped the design of our platform. Key features include the extent of the species diversity gradient with mixtures up to five species, strict avoidance of a dilution gradient, special attention to community evenness and minimal covariation with other environmental factors. The new European research platform permits the most comprehensive assessment of tree species diversity effects on forest ecosystem functioning to date since it offers a common set of research plots to groups of researchers from very different disciplines and uses the same methodological approach in contrasting forest types along an extensive environmental gradient. © 2013 Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics., AcknowledgementsThe research leading to these results has received fund-ing from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme(FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement n◦265171.

Published
2013
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17. Supplements S1 to S6 from Biotic predictors complement models of bat and bird responses to climate and tree diversity in European forests

Author

Barbaro, Luc, Allan, Eric, Ampoorter, Evy, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Yohan Charbonnier, Wandeler, Hans De, Kerbiriou, Christian, Milligan, Harriet T., Vialatte, Aude, Carnol, Monique, Deconchat, Marc, Pallieter De Smedt, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Viol, Isabelle Le, Muys, Bart, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, Kris, and Plas, Fons Van Der

Subjects
15. Life on land
Abstract

S1 rarefaction curves; S2 bat and bird trait tables; S3 bat STIs; S4 bat SSIs; S5 null models for FDiv; S6 additional sampling methods

18. Supplements S1 to S7 from Biotic predictors complement models of bat and bird responses to climate and tree diversity in European forests

Author

Barbaro, Luc, Allan, Eric, Ampoorter, Evy, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Yohan Charbonnier, Wandeler, Hans De, Kerbiriou, Christian, Milligan, Harriet T., Vialatte, Aude, Carnol, Monique, Deconchat, Marc, Pallieter De Smedt, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Viol, Isabelle Le, Muys, Bart, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, Kris, and Plas, Fons Van Der

Subjects
15. Life on land
Abstract

S1 Location map; S2 rarefaction curves; S3 bat and bird trait tables; S4 bat STIs; S5 bat SSIs; S6 null models for FDiv; S7 additional sampling methods

19. Supplements S1 to S7 from Biotic predictors complement models of bat and bird responses to climate and tree diversity in European forests

Author

Barbaro, Luc, Allan, Eric, Ampoorter, Evy, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Yohan Charbonnier, Wandeler, Hans De, Kerbiriou, Christian, Milligan, Harriet T., Vialatte, Aude, Carnol, Monique, Deconchat, Marc, Pallieter De Smedt, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Viol, Isabelle Le, Muys, Bart, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, Kris, and Plas, Fons Van Der

Subjects
15. Life on land
Abstract

S1 Location map; S2 rarefaction curves; S3 bat and bird trait tables; S4 bat STIs; S5 bat SSIs; S6 null models for FDiv; S7 additional sampling methods

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