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Diacetyl Tartaric Acid Ester of Monoglyceride (DATEM) has been used in bread making to improve its dough and final product properties. The efficiency of DATEM in bread with the presence of sugar is yet to be studied. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effects of DATEM addition on sweet bread properties, i.e., its water content, loaf volume expansion, porosity and organoleptic properties. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The variables were the addition of DATEM, i.e., 0%, 0.15%, 0.3%, 0.45%, 0.6% (w/w) of the total flour. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the significance level of 5%. The study showed that DATEM significantly impacts the physical and organoleptic properties of sweet bread. As DATEM concentration increases, so does moisture content, porosity, and loaf volume. Consequently, the texture becomes softer, and fewer crumbs are produced. Overall, DATEM enhances sweet bread properties, with 0.6% concentration yielding the best results. Sweet bread with 0.6% DATEM exhibited 34.05% moisture content, 76.86% loaf volume expansion, and 3.38 mm porosity.

Human carcinogenic compound formaldehyde (alternative name, formalin) adulteration in food is inappropriate and illegal. However, its simple and cheap procedure in giving desired food preservation effect becomes the factor of its prevalence in Indonesian community. Our current study focuses on the usage of formaldehyde in meatball products which are sold in bulk without refrigeration in traditional market set up. Eighty different packages of meatballs were collected following accidental sampling method from small groceries in Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java in 2019. Samples were characterized for their formaldehyde content (AOAC 931.08), total plate count, moisture and organoleptic properties. Formaldehyde was found in 1 sample at the level of 176.2 ppm. Whereby, it was among only 4 % of samples that met the maximum microbial limit of 5 log CFU/g. The particular sample was characterized by pale color, rather slimy surface, chewy and weak meatball aroma. Note, this characteristic is not unique and is shared by several other samples. Therefore, this study brings an update that formaldehyde adulteration is still prevalent. The adulterated product has hardly distinctive sensorial properties which make self-evaluation difficult, thus exposing consumers to potential food safety risks.

Progressively more complex technological advancements have been made, particularly with the invention of ferrite material manufacture. In this evaluation, the co-precipitation method was used to assess the structure, morphological, and magnetic characteristics of cobalt nickel ferrite for heavy metal adsorbent in Cu, and Cr material. Synthesized cobalt nickel ferrite of Co0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4 was analyzed structurally and morphologically using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and its room temperature hysteresis loops were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Atomic absorption spectroscopy was then used to determine the metal content (AAS). XRD study that the six peaks and well-defined reflection planes of (220), (311), (400), (422), (511), and (400) at the 2θ values of 30.12°, 35.57°, 43.29°, 53.71°, and 62.72° and there is no secondary phase in cobalt–nickel ferrite. FE-SEM results confirmed the spherical shape of the ferrite nanoparticle. The average particle size of Co0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4 is found with a range of 80 to 120 nm. The peaks of Fe, Ni, Co, and O elements as energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra studied the ratio of the chemical composition of metal ions (Co: Ni) and iron to oxygen (Fe:O), The magnetic properties from VSM results evaluated that Ms of 34.46 emu/g, Mr of 14.91 emu/g, Hc of 671.58 Oe, independently. Correspondingly, AAS results from a removal efficiency of 99.86 % with capacity adsorption of 11.23 mg/L of Co0.7Ni0.3Fe2O4.

Abstrak. Perkembangan penelitian material ferit memiliki karakteristik mikrostruktur dan sifat magnetik yang berbeda-beda. Karakteristik mikrostruktur dan sifat magnetik dari Fe3O4 dan LaFeO3 telah berhasil dilakukan menggunakan metode ko-presipitasi lanthanum klorida dan pasir besi alam digunakan sebagai prekursor untuk preparasi sintesis nanopartikel Fe3O4 LaFeO3. Rasio molar antara lanthanum klorida dan pasir besi alam adalah 1:1, dan tanpa lanthanium. Karakterisasi sampel menggunakan XRD, SEM dan VSM. Hasil XRD menunjukkan bahwa kedua sampel telah memiliki fase tunggal tanpa pengotor kristal seperti La2O3 atau Fe2O3. Hasil morfologi SEM menunjukkan bahwa Fe3O4 dan LaFeO3 memiliki ukuran partikel yang random. Histogram distribusi sebaran partikel untuk kedua sampel ini menunjukkan range 50-300 nm. Sifat magnetik dari sampel Fe3O4 memiliki Ms= 20 emu/g, Mr= 9 emu/g dan H= 400 Oe, sedangkan sifat magnetik LaFeO3 yaitu Ms= 10 emu/g, Mr= 8 emu/g dan H= 410 Oe. Hasil mikrostruktur dan sifat magnetik dalam penelitian ini dapat mendukung dalam pembuatan magnet permanen. Abstract. The development of research on ferrite materials has different microstructural characteristics and magnetic properties. The microstructural characteristics and properties of Fe3O4 and LaFeO3 have been successfully carried out using the co-precipitation method. Lanthanum chloride and natural iron sand were used as precursors for the preparation of the synthesis of Fe3O4 LaFeO3 nanoparticles. The molar ratio between lanthanum chloride and natural iron sand is 1:1, and without lanthanium. Sample characterization using XRD, SEM and VSM. The XRD results show that the second sample already has a single phase without crystal impurities such as La2O3 or Fe2O3. SEM morphology results show that Fe3O4 and LaFeO3 have random particle sizes. Histograms of particle distribution distribution for these two samples show the range of 50-300 nm. The nature of the sample Fe3O4 has Ms= 20 emu/g, Mr= 9 emu/g and H= 400 Oe, while the specific properties of LaFeO3 are Ms= 10 emu/g, Mr= 8 emu/g and H= 410 Oe. The results of the microstructure and magnetic properties in this study can support the manufacture of permanent magnets

It is significant for students to have competence in writing research papers that requires writing skills. Using formal language and avoiding plagiarism are mandatory for academic paper writers. Paraphrasing is one of the writing skills, which can be interpreted as rewriting a source text using the writers’ own words by changing it syntactically or semantically while maintaining the main idea. Other than investigating the barriers to paraphrasing and how to overcome them, this research aims to analyze the paraphrasing strategy generally applied by the 5th-semester Diploma students of the English Language and Culture Department of Darma Persada University. By approaching mixed-research methods, this study uses a questionnaire and a writing task as the instruments. Likert Scale is used as a data collection technique in the quantitative research method, which is further processed using SPSS. Meanwhile, the qualitative research method approaches Keck’s Taxonomy of Paraphrasing Types and the paraphrasing strategies by Jackie Pieterick. The analysis results find that the majority of the students have difficulties in paraphrasing. A lack of vocabulary and using their own words become their barriers to paraphrasing. In that case, comprehensive learning about paraphrasing skills and strategies taught by lecturers or educators are expected to overcome the obstacles. Furthermore, using synonyms becomes the paraphrasing strategy generally applied by the students. The paraphrased version of the writing task also indicates that the students try not to copy similar words or sentences from the source and therefore the most of the paraphrasing results are included in the Minimal Revision.

There are many ways that could be done to introduce culture of a country to the international world, one of them is through translation works. This research is conducted by using qualitative approach and content analysis method. The data used in this research are words and phrases found in “Laut Bercerita (The Sea Speaks His Name)” novel by Leila S. Chudori. In this novel, there are many cultural terms, local language from Javanese people, and dictions so that when they are translated to English, they would be interesting because some of the terms, local language and dictions still do not have equivalences in Target Language. In this research, the researcher analyzed 45 data and divided to 2 categories; 19 data in word category, and 26 data in phrase one. The research findings consist of dynamic equivalence, formal equivalence, and equivalence at word levels for translation strategy they are adaptation, communicative translation, semantic translation, descriptive equivalence, idiomatic translation, literal translation, through translation, and transference. The most often strategies used are adaptation, communicative translation, and semantic translation. Through this research, I have knowledge of translation equivalence and how translation strategy being applied to words and phrases.

In a literary work, two characters can be narrated as the attention center that contains the cultural identity from certain generation. Meanwhile, a symbol actually can cause an interaction within characters. This research discusses about cultural identity and symbolic interactionism reflected in a novel. There is a novel entitled “Recipe for a Perfect Wife” by Karma Brown that tells about two female characters that are represented as a housewife from different generation. This research uses descriptive qualitative as the research methodology and content analysis as the method in analyzing the object of the research, a novel entitled “Recipe for a Perfect Wife”. This research also uses the intrinsic approach to analyze the characterization, plot, and setting. This research reveals two kinds of a housewife. They are a housewife and working woman, and a full-housewife. This research finds five cultural identities in the past and present time that is related with a housewife reflected by two female characters in the novel by using cultural identity theory by Stuart Hall. This research also reveals the symbol and memory even three concepts of symbolic interactionism that is mind, self, and society based on symbolic interactionism theory by George Herbert Mead.

Edible film is a potential biodegradable packaging in the food industry. This research is aimed to determine the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of Aloe vera with extra virgin olive oil and chitosan emulsion edible film. Complete Randomized Design was used with five treatments and four repetitions. The treatments were composition ratio between Aloe vera gel and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) - chitosan emulsion that consists of T1 (40:60), T2 (45:55), T3 (50:50), T4 (55:45) and T5 (60:40). The method used in this study included making Aloe vera gel and an emulsion of EVOO 1% (v/v) in chitosan 1% (b/v), homogenizing the materials, casting and drying. The results showed that range of film thickness, solubility, water vapor permeability, antioxidant activity, extension and tensile strength were 0.067-0.073 mm, solubility 48.70-65.73%, 1.39 × 10-5 – 1.77 × 10-5 g mmHg-1 m-1 h-1, 3.31-6.56%, 6.78-14.72% and 0.29-0.68 MPa. The edible film composition showed significant difference (p ≤ 0,05) for thickness, solubility, antioxidant activity, extension and tensile strength film, however, the water vapor permeability was not significantly different (p ≥ 0,05).

Besarnya lahan pada parkir dan jumlah kendaraan roda empat dalam hal ini adalah mobil, dapat menjadi kendala bagi pengendara lain dalam mengetahui posisi parkir mana yang masih dapat digunakan. Sistem pengembangan perparkiran yang ada masih kurang maksimal dalam memanfaatkan lahan dan efisiensi waktunya. Berdasarkan banyaknya kendaraan mobil yang semakin bertambah, maka kebutuhan akan lahan parkir juga semakin dibutuhkan. Banyak sekali sistem yang belum dapat menangani berbagai permasalahan yang ada. Sistem ini dapat mengetahui jumlah slot pada lahan parkir dengan akurat sehingga memudahkan pengelola. Selain itu sistem ini juga dikembangkan agar waktu pencarian lahan parkir oleh pengguna parkir bisa sangat cepat. Sistem ini menggunakan penerapan pemrograman GPU yang dikombinasi dengan Modified Yolo (M-Yolo). GPU pada M-Yolo dibutuhkan untuk mengolah citra sekaligus mengolah data untuk mendeteksi citra mobil dan jumlah mobil secara paralel. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan GPU dibandingkan dengan CPU dapat mempercepat waktu komputasi rata-rata sebesar 0,179 detik dengan rata-rata akurasi sebesar 100%. Abstract The width of parking lot and the number of cars in the parking lot can be an obstacle for motorists to know the parking area in which part is still empty. Parking systems that exist at this time are still not maximal in the utilization of parking lots and time efficiency. Based on the number of vehicles that are growing, then the need for parking space is also more needed. Many of the existing parking systems have not been able to handle the various problems. This system can know the number of slots on the parking lot, making it easier for operators to know the empty parking lot. In addition, this system will also be designed so that parking time search by parking users doesn’t take a long time. This system uses implementation of GPU programming mixed with Modified Yolo (M-Yolo). GPU on M-Yolo is needed to process images while processing data to detect car and the number of cars using parallel computing. The test results show that using the GPU compared to the CPU can speed up the average computing time by 0.179 seconds and it obtained an average accuracy of 100%.

The development of information and technology has influenced many aspects of life including education. a lot of people start from students in the university and worker already speaking English fluently, but still there are some problem specifically for the students to speak English, university that have English English language programt is looking to find the solution. By hiring native English teacher or leacturer to improve their student’s motivation in English communication skill, the question is can the native English teacher gives the influence to the student. This research made to analyze how well the native English teacher can give the influence to the students especially in Darma Persada University for the students that are majoring in English Literature and in English Department. This research showed whether hired Native English teacher is a good idea or it isn’t. In this study, researcher used aquantitative approach to analyze the influence of native English lecturer in improving students motivation communication skill.. This research was conducted using the experimental method using pre-test and post-test control design.

Abstract The development of information and technology has affected many aspects of life including education. Writing has an important role in the language academic process. Technology also gives a positive effect toward the students’ motivation in learning English, especially in essay writing. Nowadays, a computer technology application is developing writing materials by using adobe animate. The purpose of this research is to show that the role of technology today is very important in learning process specifically in teaching academic writing, so that it can help teacher and students to make lots variations in teaching. In the past, teaching writing only used conventional ways like books but nowadays teachers and students can use multimedia technology like education interactive software, smartphone, and computer which can make studying more effective and interactive. In this qualitative research the writers will analyse and demonstrate the new technology as a solution to the old problem of teaching academic essay writing.

The objectives of this study were to find out whether or not there was significant improvement in writing and speaking achievements of the eighth grade students of SMPN1 Jarai after they were taught by using Sociogram, to find out whether or not there was significant improvement in each aspect of writing and speaking achievements of the eighth grade students of SMPN1 Jarai after they were taught by using Sociogram, to find out whether or not there was significant difference in writing and speaking achievements between the eighth grade students of SMP 1 Jarai who were taught by using Sociogram and those who were not, and to find out the perception of the eighth grade students of SMPN 1 Jarai after they were taught by using Socoiogram. In this paper, an experimental research method with pre and post test control group design was used with 70 students as the sample divided into two groups, experimental and control group. However, only the students of the experimental group were taught by using Sociogram. The obtained data were analyzed by using t-test. The students were given questionnaire to know their perceptions. The result showed that there was a significant difference in both students? writing and speaking achievements after they were tought by using Sociogram. Furthermore, it was found that there was a significant difference in students? writing and speaking achievement between the experimental and control groups. In conclusion, Sociogram improves the students? writing and speaking achievements.

Basil contains flavonoid, saponin, tannin, and essential oils namely sineol and eugenol. Basil has been known as appetite stimulant, laxative, fragrance, and breast milk stimulator. This study aimed to determine the effect of basil addition to linear expansion, crispiness, color, and organoleptic of basil cracker. Complete Randomized Design was used in this research with 4 treatments and 5 replications i.e. T1 (10% basil, 90% tapioca), T2 (15% basil, 85% tapioca), T3 (20% basil, 80% tapioca), T4 (25% basil, 75% tapioca). Linear expansion was measured using ruler, hardness/crispiness using texture analyzer, color using digital colormeter, and organoleptic testing was done by 25 panelists. The research showed that basil cracker had linear expansion of 166-235%; hardness of 1264.8-1837.6 gF; L* value of 22,47-40,40 and a* value of -20.73 to -12.67. Variation of basil proportion gave significant effects to linear expansion, crispiness, and color of basil cracker. The best treatment was T2 (15% basil, 85% tapioca) because it had high linear expansion and bright color, was crispy, and preferred by panelists.

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang formulasi dan uji aktivitas krim pengkelat merkuri berbahan dasar ekstrak etanol alga coklat (Sargassum sp.) telah dilakukan. Krim diformulasikan dengan beberapa bahan seperti vaselin, gliserol, asam askorbat, karbomer, setil alkohol, dan NaOH. Parameter yang dievaluasi diantaranya organoleptik krim, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar, tipe krim, iritasi kulit, dan daya tercuci krim. Aktivitas pengkelatan diamati dengan menganalisis kandungan merkuri pada kulit tikus yang sebelumnya diberikan krim bermerkuri dibandingkan dengan kulit tikus yang telah dioleskan krim pengkelat merkuri berbahan dasar ekstrak etanol alga coklat. Spektrum Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol alga coklat diindikasikan mengandung glutation. Berdasarkan parameter evaluasi krim, formulasi terbaik adalah krim dengan komposisi ekstrak alga coklat sebanyak 0,035% w/v terhadap volume krim, yang ditandai dengan krim yang berbentuk gel kental dan tidak berbau serta memiliki tekstur seperti krim wajah pada umumnya, yaitu lembut dan sedikit berminyak. Krim bersifat homogen dan stabil hingga hari ke 21 percobaan dengan pH=5. Krim juga tidak menimbulkan iritasi dan dapat tercuci habis tanpa bekas. Hasil analisis AAS membuktikan bahwa penggunaan krim pengkelat merkuri berbahan dasar esktrak etanol alga coklat selama kurang dari 2 minggu dengan dosis pemberian 1 kali sehari mampu menyerap merkuri pada tikus dengan aktivitas penyerapan sebesar 50%. Formulation and Activity Test of Mercury Chelator Cream of Ethanol Extract of Brown Algae (Sargassum Sp.). Research on the study of formulation an activity test of mercury chelator cream from ethanol extract has successfully done. The cream was formulated with ingredients such as vaseline, glycerol, ascorbic acid, carbomer, cetyl alcohol, and sodium hydroxide. Parameters were evaluated against organoleptic, homogenity, pH, dispersion type of cream, skin irritation test and washing test. The mercury chelating activity was observed by analyzing mercury concentration in mercury induced mouse skin. The FTIR spectrum shows that ethanol extract of brown algae was dominated by glutathione functional group. The best cream formulation was composed by 0,035% (w/v) brown algae, formed as a creamy gel that was thick and odorless and had a texture like soft facial cream in general with slightly oily.The cream was homogeneous and stable until the 21st day of the experiment with pH = 5. The cream produced no skin irritation and could be washed out without a trace. The results of AAS analysis proved that the use of brown algae ethanol extract-based mercury chelating cream for less than 2 weeks with a dose of 1 time a day could absorb mercury in mouse skin with absorption activity of 50%.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rendemen dan karakteristik fisik yang meliputi nilai kecerahan, aktivitas air (aw) dan densitas kamba fraksi tepung kacang koro pedang dengan perlakuan perendaman pH yang berbeda. Materi yang digunakan adalah biji kacang koro pedang yang diperoleh dari UKM Damar Sindoro Sumbing, Kecamatan Kandangan, Kabupaten Temanggung, Jawa Tengah. Biji kacang koro pedang direndam pada pH 4, 5, 6 dan 7 (kontrol) selama 24 jam. Biji yang telah direndam kemudian dikupas, dibuat bubur koro, dipisahkan fraksi-fraksinya dan dioven dengan suhu 45 ̊C selama 24 jam lalu ditepungkan dan dianalisa hasil rendemen, nilai kecerahan, aktivitas air (aw) dan densitas kamba. Penelitian menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dilakukan sebanyak 5 kali pengulangan. Data hasil analisa yang diperoleh, ditabulasi dengan ANOVA pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengkondisian pH berpengaruh terhadap kecerahan, nilai aw dan densitas kamba beberapa fraksi tepung kacang koro pedang, tetapi tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap nilai rendemen. Secara keseluruhan perlakuan perendaman pH biji kacang koro pedang tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata (signifikan) terhadap fraksi-fraksi tepung secara jumlah tetapi diduga dapat meningkatkan karakter molekul di dalamnya. Perlakuan terbaik dari hasil penelitian adalah dengan perendaman pH 7 karena memiliki nilai rendemen tinggi, meskipun kecerahan dan densitas kamba rendah, karena perlakuan pH 7 tidak mempengaruhi karakteristik fisik hasil tepung kacang koro pedang dan tidak menimbulkan efek residu terhadap hasil akhir karena tidak adanya penambahan asam pada saat perendaman bahan.

Glycyrrhizic acid, which is the active ingredient of Viusid© Pet, is commonly used to enhance the immune response. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Viusid© Pet on macrophage activity and capacity. Thirty-six BALB/c mice were divided into 3 groups. The first group as control was given aquades, the second group was given a dose of Viusid© Pet 0.1 ml, and the third group was given a dose of Viusid© Pet 0.2 ml. All groups were given treatment from the first day until the seventh day. On the eighth day, each mouse was injected intraperitoneally by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The activity and capacity of macrophage cells were calculated from the peritoneal fluid smear by calculating the percentage of phagocytes performing phagocytosis in 100 macrophage cells. The phagocytic capacity was determined by the amount of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that is phagocytosed by 50 active phagocyte cells. The activity of phagocytosis increases with increasing doses of Viusid © Pet. It was concluded that the highest macrophage activity and capacity was achieved in the treatment group with the dosage of Viusid © Pet 0.2 ml (825.33 ± 291,73). While the activity and the lowest phagocytic capacity of the negative control group (578.08 ± 186.94) was followed by the dose group of 0.1 ml (654.83 ± 266.09).

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the ratio of gatot and red beans usage on water content and organoleptic characteristics from "Gatotkaca" analog rice. The material in this study was gatot (fermented cassava) and red beans. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. This study consisted of 4 different analog rice formulations, namely T1 (90% gatot: 10% red beans); T2 (85% gatot: 15% red beans); T3 (80% gatot: 20% red beans); T4 (75% gatot: 25% red beans). Data were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the significance level 5%. The results showed that the difference in the ratio of the usage of gatot but red beans didn’t have a significant effect (p>0.05) on the water content and organoleptic characteristics. Treatment with a ratio of gatot and 85% red beans 15% gatot was the best treatment.

Pada umumnya, sepeda tersusun atas komponen-komponen seperti frame,roda, sistem transmisi, rem, sadel, dan stang. Frame merupakan bagian yang paling penting, karena semua komponen dipasang pada frame. Frame harus mampu menopang berat pengendara, mentranslasikan usaha pedal menjadi gerakan maju, mengarahkan roda sesuai arah yang dituju dan mengabsorbsi getaran jalan. Frame adalah “jiwa” dari sebuah sepeda dan haruslah menjadi fokus utama dalam pertimbangan untuk memilih sebuah sepeda.Dari sudut pandang keamanan, bahan yang digunakan untuk frame sepeda harus memiliki sifat mekanik yang sangat stabil dan dapat diandalkan,Pemilihan bahan yang tepat dan desain yang penting dapat mempengaruhi kualitas produk dalam pembuatan komponen.Oleh karena itu, pengakuan akan pentingnya pemilihan bahan dalam desain telah meningkat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Penerapan metode concurrent engineering dalam desain dan manufaktur telah memperkuat fakta bahwa bahan dan manufaktur terkait erat dalam menentukan kinerja produk akhir. Semakin meningkatnya kemajuan teknologi modern ini mengakibatkan kebutuhan akan penelitian dan pengembangan dalam segala bidang semakin meningkat pesat, terutama dalam bidang material. Hal yang mendasarkan kemajuan teknologi ini adalah semakin dibutuhkannya material baru dan pemilihan material yang tepat guna menunjang bidang pembuatan frame sepeda. Pengembangan material terfokus untuk memilah material(material selection) untuk meningkatkan kualitas standar yang dibutuhkan untuk obyek yang kita rancang. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini lebih kearah pemilihan material yang tepat dengan material yang kuat menahan beban,ringan dan dengan harga yang relatif murah /terjangkau.

This study aimed to analyze the magnification of visual image upon SEM analysis for determining the optimum view in order to obtain proper information of SEM image in ginger emulsion. The treatment in this research are without carrageenan, with iota carrageenan and with kappa carrageenan. Emulsion of ginger Graphical display testing according to using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) method. The research showed that ginger emulsion with and without carrageenan were able to be seen clearly and the particle size were able to detected at a range 0.5-5 µm. The sample with iota carrageenan provided the information of separation among particles and it could not be seen clearly on the sample with kappa carrageenan. The low magnification of 250 times provided beneficial information to obtain the environment of particle.

Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lamk.) has been extensively used to treat various diseases including cancer. There are many varieties of buah merah and there was no scientifi c study comparing cytotoxicity of different varieties. The objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of three varieties of buah merah known as Barugum, Maler and Yanggiru on breast cancer cell line (T47D). All samples were collected from Papua, Indonesia. Each sample was extracted consecutively using three solvents chloroform, methanol and water resulted to nine crude extracts. The cytotoxic activities were determined using MTT assay. The crude extract showed the lowest IC50 was selected for further bioassay-guided fractionation. Fractionation was done using vacuum liquid chromatography coupled with preparative TLC to fi nd the active compounds. Several detection reagents were applied to TLC for identifi cation of the class of the potent compounds. The result showed that the potent extracts was obtained from Barugum methanol extract followed by Maler chloroform extract with IC50 value of 132.83 μg/ml and 139.72 μg/ml, respectively. All Yanggiru extracts did not show activity. The bioassay-guided fractionation of Barugum and Maler extracts showed that the most potent fraction eluted by a mixture of hexane:ethyl acetate (75:25), was in Maler variety with IC50 value of 25,7 μg/ml, four times higher than the most potent fraction of Barugum with IC50 value of 104,61 μg/ml. TLC analysis of the most potent fraction showed that the active compounds was class of terpene. Result of this study supported the utilization of buah merah Maler variety for breast cancer treatment.

Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lamk.) has been extensively used to treat various diseases includingcancer. There are many varieties of buah merah and there was no scientifi c study comparing cytotoxicity ofdifferent varieties. The objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of three varieties of buah merahknown as Barugum, Maler and Yanggiru on breast cancer cell line (T47D). All samples were collected fromPapua, Indonesia. Each sample was extracted consecutively using three solvents chloroform, methanol andwater resulted to nine crude extracts. The cytotoxic activities were determined using MTT assay. The crudeextract showed the lowest IC50 was selected for further bioassay-guided fractionation. Fractionation was doneusing vacuum liquid chromatography coupled with preparative TLC to fi nd the active compounds. Severaldetection reagents were applied to TLC for identifi cation of the class of the potent compounds. The resultshowed that the potent extracts was obtained from Barugum methanol extract followed by Maler chloroformextract with IC50 value of 132.83 μg/ml and 139.72 μg/ml, respectively. All Yanggiru extracts did not showactivity. The bioassay-guided fractionation of Barugum and Maler extracts showed that the most potent fractioneluted by a mixture of hexane:ethyl acetate (75:25), was in Maler variety with IC50 value of 25,7 μg/ml, fourtimes higher than the most potent fraction of Barugum with IC50 value of 104,61 μg/ml. TLC analysis of themost potent fraction showed that the active compounds was class of terpene. Result of this study supportedthe utilization of buah merah Maler variety for breast cancer treatment.