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Park green spaces serve as essential urban public recreation spaces and represent significant components of urban construction land. Investigating the quality of park green spaces is a vital requirement for the establishment of a high-quality urban living environment and the enhancement of land use efficiency. This study developed a quality evaluation index system for park green spaces in Shenyang, considering the constituent elements of recreational spaces. By categorizing 168 park spaces into four size grades and employing the entropy-TOPSIS method with multiple data sources, the research assessed and analyzed the generally quality of park green spaces in Shenyang. Additionally, the study analyzed factors limiting park green spaces and introduced the Recreational Quality Index (RQI) to represent the distribution of park green space resources within the study area. The results demonstrated that 46 low-quality park green spaces require urgent improvement, and the riverside area and the vicinity of the second ring road possess high-quality park green space resources. Barriers of the same scale in park green spaces exhibited similar characteristics. Park green spaces in Huanggu District were allocated recreational resources optimally. The analysis determined that system construction and deep cultural heritage are crucial factors. This study can offer a scientific basis and recommendations for the development of park green spaces and the enhancement of efficient urban land use.

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled viral proteins that represent a superior form of antigens in vaccine formulations. To enhance immunogenicity, adjuvants, especially the aluminum salts (Alum), are essentially formulated in VLP vaccines. However, Alum only induce biased humoral immune responses that limits further applications of VLP-based vaccines. To stimulate more balanced immunity, we, herein, develop a one-step strategy of using VLPs as the biotemplates to synthesize raspberry-like silica-adjuvanted VLP@Silica nanovaccines. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) VLPs and human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV 18) VLPs are selected as model templates. Circular dichroism (CD) and affinity analyses demonstrate that HBsAg VLPs in the nanovaccines maintain their secondary structure and immunogenicity, respectively. VLP@Silica promote silica dissolution-induced lysosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of antigens, and enhance the secretion of both Th1 and Th2 type cytokines in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Additionally, they could improve antigen trafficking and mediate DC activation in draining lymph nodes (DLNs). Vaccination study demonstrate that both HBsAg VLP@Silica and HPV 18 VLP@Silica nanovaccines induce enhanced antigen-specific antibody productions and T-cell mediated adaptive immune responses. This design strategy can utilize VLPs derived from a diversity of viruses or their variants as templates to construct both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines with improved immunogenicity.

Gout is a self-limiting inflammatory arthritis mediated by the precipitation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals that further activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and initiate a cascade of inflammatory events. However, the key physicochemical properties of MSU crystals that determine the acute phase of gout have not been fully identified. In this study, a library of engineered MSU crystals with well-controlled size and shape is designed to explore their proinflammatory potentials in mediating the pathological progress of gout. It is demonstrated that medium-sized long aspect ratio MSU crystals induce more prominent IL-1β production in vitro due to enhanced cellular uptake and the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). The characteristics of MSU crystals are also correlated with their inflammatory potentials in both acute peritonitis and arthritis models. Furthermore, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) is demonstrated to inhibit MSU-induced oxidative burst by removing plasma membrane cholesterol. As a result, it attenuates the inflammatory responses both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is shown to alleviate acute gouty symptom by suppressing oxidative stress. This study identifies the key physicochemical properties of MSU crystals that mediate the pathogenesis of gout, which sheds light on novel design strategies for the intervention of gout.

The discovery of piezoelectricity in self-assembled peptide nanostructures opens an avenue to a new regime of piezoelectric materials and enables the fundamental investigation of electromechanical coupling in biomaterials. However, strategies for fabricating peptides with desired properties are still lacking. We find that a peptide-based coassembly process effectively controls the properties of peptide nanomaterials and demonstrates their application potential in nanogenerators. The composing peptides and their concentration influence the morphology, molecular property, and physical property of coassembled crystals. Compared with self-assembled diphenylalanine peptides, the coassembled peptides of diphenylalanine and phenylalanine-tryptophan show a 38% increase in piezoelectric coefficient, and the resulting harvesting device shows nearly a 3-fold increase in open-circuit voltage outputs.

Green credit is an important manifestation of commercial banks’ environmental responsibility, but few studies have examined the impact of green credit policies on the financial performance of commercial banks. Based on the panel data of 62 commercial banks in China from 2013 to 2020, this paper investigates the changes in financial performance due to the implementation of green credit policies in 2016 using the difference-in-differences (DID) method and explores the mediating mechanism of green credit affecting commercial banks’ profit. The sample was divided into a treatment and a control group. The treatment group disclosed total green credit data during the sample period, while the control group did not. The findings of this paper are as follows: (1) the implementation of the green credit policy increases the profits of commercial banks. (2) The green credit policy improves the profits of commercial banks by increasing their noninterest income and reducing their nonperforming loan ratios. (3) The green credit policy does not improve commercial banks’ profit by reducing their cost-to-income ratios. (4) The implementation of the green credit policy significantly improves the profits of banks with low (vs. high) nonperforming loan ratios. (5) Compared to large national banks, regional urban and agricultural commercial banks’ profits improve more significantly after executing the green credit policy. The research contribution of this paper provides a quantitative basis for Chinese commercial banks to improve their financial performance through the implementation of green credit in recent years and for the government to further improve green credit policies to motivate banks to implement green credit and achieve sustainable development. Then, we further discuss the implications for the prominent theoretical and managerial policies, study’s limitations, and future research directions.

Position and Orientation System (POS) is the key sensor of remote-sensing system. It is a typically Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) integrated measurement system, which provides high-precision position and attitude parameters. The gravity disturbance vector is one of the main error sources of high-precision SINS. The error propagation of POS is analyzed. It shows that the vertical component of the gravity disturbance vector is introduced into the POS horizontal channel through the vertical deflections, which leads to the error of the attitude measurement of the POS. In this article, a new real-time gravity compensation method is proposed, which includes the gravity disturbance as the error states of POS Kalman filter, and the accurate gravity disturbance model is constructed by a “Block-Time Variation” Markov Model (B-TV-MM) based on high-precision gravity map, whose resolution is enhanced by a new interpolation method based on Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). A flight experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method and the results showed that the proposed method performs better compared with other real-time gravity compensation methods.

The influencing factors of the low-carbon consumption behavior of urban residents have become popular. This paper explored the factors of consumers&rsquo, low-carbon behavior through a questionnaire survey. Using Hangzhou as a case study city, which yields 786 valid responses, the results indicated that urban consumers generally had a high perception of low-carbon behavior. At the same time, low-carbon cognition and low-carbon intention had a positive impact on residents&rsquo, low-carbon behavior. In particular, the level of awareness of global warming adjusted residents&rsquo, understanding of low-carbon behavior. From a policy point of view, this research contributes to insights into the promotion of guiding residents&rsquo, low-carbon behavior and improving the response to global warming.

Background Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Methods This cohort study was designed to investigate the associations between pre-pregnancy BMI, total gestational weight gain (GWG), and GWG during early pregnancy with PTB utilizing data of 83,096 Chinese women from the Maternal and Children Healthcare Information Tracking System of Wuhan, China. Results Women who were underweight, overweight or obese prior to pregnancy had an overall elevated risk of PTB, compared to their normal weight counterparts. Women with total GWG below the IOM recommendation had an increased risk of PTB compared to women who had GWG within the recommendation, whereas an increasing risk of PTB was observed asweekly early pregnancy GWGincreased. When stratified by subtypes of PTB, pre-pregnancy underweight was associated with higher risk of spontaneous PTB, and pre-pregnancy overweight /obese increased the risk of both spontaneous PTB and medically indicated PTB. Women with total GWG below the IOM recommendation had elevated risk for spontaneous PTB and PROM, and women with GWG above the recommendation had decreased risk for all three subtypes of PTB, whereas risk for the three subtypes of PTB increased along with increasing weekly GWG of early pregnancy. Conclusions Maternal underweight, overweight/obesity, total GWG, and GWG during early pregnancy should be considered in combination to reduce the risk of PTB, women should modify their weight gains during pregnancy according to the results.

To investigate the detection threshold of Treponema pallidum specific antibody method by chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) in Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP for Syphilis serological test, and compare with the results derived from CMIA, TP-WB and TPPA method. The result can serve as reference for the application of CLIA. In total 30 887 samples screened by Treponema pallidum specific antibody method were collected by Abbott architect i2000 CMIA from July 2018 to July 2019 in Yanda Hospital of Hebei Province. We selected 153 patients with the ratio of sample absorbance to critical value (S/CO) of 1-9 by CMIA screening of Treponema pallidum specific antibody as the research objects. The reverse sequence of syphilis serological detection was adopted, and TP-WB and TPPA were used as the confirmation methods respectively. MedCalc software was used to analyze the results of ROC curve, and the cut-off value was obtained. Chi square test was used to test the difference significance of counting data. The detection results of Treponema pallidum specific antibody in the same batch of serum samples were unequal by different methods. There was no significant difference between CLIA method and TPPA method, but significant difference between CLIA method with TP-WB method and CMIA method was found. TPPA test results and TP-WB test results were taken as gold standards, ROC curve analysis showed that the best diagnostic cutoff value of CLIA method was 4.01 and 16.06, respectively, and the area under the curve was 0.961 and 0.838. The suggested cutoff value of CLIA method is quite different when using different syphilis serological test methods as the gold standard, Therefore, when the S/CO value determined by CLIA is between 1.00 to 16.06, TP-WB method should be recommended as the first choice in laboratory serological test for recheck and confirmation to avoid clinical misdiagnosis.本研究旨在探讨西门子ADVIA Centaur XP 梅毒血清学试验化学发光免疫分析法 (CLIA) 检测梅毒螺旋体特异性抗体的测量阈值，并与化学发光微粒子免疫分析法 (CMIA)、梅毒螺旋体免疫印迹法 (TP-WB) 及梅毒螺旋体抗体颗粒凝集试验 (TPPA) 法检测结果进行比较，为CLIA 方法的规范应用提供参考。收集河北燕达医院2018 年7 月至2019 年7 月雅培ARCHITECT i2000 CMIA 法检测梅毒螺旋体特异性抗体筛查样本30 887 例，选取CMIA 法筛查梅毒特异性抗体中样品吸光度与临界值的比值 (S/CO) 为1–9 的153 例患者为研究对象，采用梅毒血清学检测逆序流程，并分别以TP-WB 及TPPA 法为确认方法，运用MedCalc 对结果进行受试者工作特征曲线 (ROC 曲线) 分析，获得截断值，采用卡方检验进行计数资料的差异显著性检验。采用不同方法对同一批血清样本梅毒螺旋体特异性抗体的检测结果存在差异，CLIA 法与TPPA 法差异不显著，与TP-WB 法及CMIA 法差异显著；分别以TPPA 检测结果和TP-WB 检测结果为金标准，ROC 曲线分析发现，CLIA 法的最佳诊断截断值分别为4.01 和16.06，曲线下面积分别为0.961 和0.838。采用不同梅毒血清学试验方法作为金标准时，CLIA 法建议截断值差异较大，因此，CLIA 测定梅毒抗体S/CO 为1.00–16.06 时，实验室血清学检测应推荐首选TP-WB 方法学进行复核确证，避免临床误诊发生。.

Many studies have accessed the association between methionine synthase (MTR) A2756G polymorphism and neural tube defect (NTD). However, the conclusions are inconsistent. Our study aimed to clarify the nature of the genetic risks contributed by this polymorphism for NTD using meta-analysis. We searched electronic literature from the PubMed, EMBASE, and Medline databases, from which 10 articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis was conducted in 3 groups, namely, NTD patients, mothers with NTD offspring and fathers with NTD offspring. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the strength of the association and the result was corrected by multiple testing. To sum up, no associations between the MTR A2756G polymorphism and NTD risk were found among the 3 groups in all genetic models. However, as their sample size is not large enough, this result needs further research.

The comorbidity of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is common and often predicts poorer outcomes than either disorder alone. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of comorbid GAD and its association with quality of life (QOL) among MDD patients. A total of 1225 psychiatric outpatients were screened using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Those who scored ≥8 on the HADS were interviewed using DSM-IV criteria by two senior psychiatrists. Patients diagnosed with MDD were further assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and World Health Organization QOL Scale, brief version (WHOQOL-BREF). Ultimately, 667 patients were diagnosed with MDD, of 71.7% of whom had GAD. Compared to those with MDD alone, comorbid patients had lower scores on the physical (38.64 ± 10.35 vs.36.54 ± 12.32, P = 0.026) and psychological (35.54 ± 12.98 vs. 30.61 ± 14.66, P P

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality. Many studies have assessed the association between maternal gene polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism and the risk of having a DS offspring, but data are conflicting. Our study aimed to arrive at a more accurate estimation. Therefore, we carried out a meta-analysis of 26, 17, 9, 15, 9 and 6 case-control studies on the relationship between maternal methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C, methionine synthase (MTR) A2756G, methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G, reduced folate carrier 1 A80G and cystathionine β-synthase 844ins68 polymorphisms and the risk of having a DS offspring. The allele contrast and model-free approach were used. Results showed marginal significant associations for MTHFR C677T, overall [odds ratio (OR) = 1.28 (1.22, 1.46) and generalised odds ratio (ORG) = 1.35 (1.16, 1.57)] and in Caucasian [OR = 1.15 (1.03, 1.29) and ORG = 1.20 (1.04, 1.38)], Asian [OR = 1.68 (1.08, 2.63) and ORG = 1.74 (1.08, 2.80)] and Brazilian [OR = 1.22 (1.04, 1.43) and ORG = 1.28 (1.06, 1.55)] populations; for MTRR A66G, overall [OR = 1.22 (1.02, 1.46) and ORG = 1.31 (1.06, 1.62)]; and for RFC1 A80G, overall [OR = 1.16 (1.02, 1.31) and ORG = 1.18 (1.01, 1.37)]. MTHFR A1298C, MTR 12756G and CBS 844ins68 polymorphisms produced non-significant results. Since potential confounders could not be ruled out completely in this meta-analysis, further studies are needed to confirm these results.

Some microbial pathogens utilize human complement regulatory proteins, such as factor H (FH) and factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1), for immune evasion. FbaA is an FHL-1 and FH binding protein expressed on the surface of group A streptococcus (GAS), a common agent of pharyngeal, skin, and soft tissue infections. In this study, we prepared monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against FbaA, assayed them for specificity, and located their binding domains in FbaA. We found an MAb called FbaA MAb2, which demonstrated the highest affinity to GAS among all of the MAbs. Based on the binding with component peptides, the detected epitope, which was specific for FbaA MAb2, was the amino acid residues 95 to 118 of FbaA; on the other hand, it did not bind with the truncated protein of the internally deleted residues of the segment from 95 to 118 of FbaA. Furthermore, the predominant amino acids specific for FbaA MAb2 screened by phage display epitope library were I, T, P, D, and L, corresponding to the amino acid residues 101, 103, 105, 106, and 110 of FbaA, respectively. The binding location of FbaA with FH and FHL-1 was a 16-amino-acid region corresponding to amino acid residues 97 to 112 of FbaA, which overlapped the FbaA MAb2 binding domain, as confirmed by competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence microscopy. Based on the results of the invasion assay, FbaA MAb2 can inhibit the binding of FH to GAS.