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Jin Wu,1 Yiting Luo,1 Yan Shen,2 Yuyao Hu,2 Fangyuan Zhu,1 Jiaqian Wu,1 Yingchao Liu3 1The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, People’s Republic of China; 3Academic Affairs Office, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yingchao Liu, Academic Affairs Office, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People’s Republic of China, Email jcjsylyc@163.comBackground: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has the advantage of multi-component and multi-target, which becomes a hot spot in the treatment of numerous diseases. Shaoyao decoction (SYD) is a TCM prescription, which is mainly used to treat damp-heat dysentery clinically, with small side effects and low cost. However, its mechanism remains elusive. The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism of SYD in the treatment of mice with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) through metabolomics and network pharmacology, and verify through molecular docking and immunohistochemistry, so as to provide a scientific basis for the role of SYD in the treatment of UC.Materials and Methods: Firstly, DSS-induced UC models were established and then untargeted metabolomics analysis of feces, livers, serum and urine was performed to determine biomarkers and metabolic pathways closely related to the role of SYD. Besides, network pharmacology was applied to screen the active components and UC-related targets, which was verified by molecular docking. Finally, metabonomics and network pharmacology were combined to draw the metabolite-pathway-target network and verified by immunohistochemistry.Results: Metabolomics results showed that a total of 61 differential metabolites were discovered in SYD-treated UC with 3 main metabolic pathways containing glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, as well as 8 core targets involving STAT3, IL1B, IL6, IL2, AKT1, IL4, ICAM1 and CCND1. Molecular docking demonstrated that the first five targets had strong affinity with quercetin, wogonin, kaempferol and baicalein. Combined with metabolomics and network pharmacology, sphingolipid signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT-mTOR signaling pathway and S1P3 pathway were identified as the main pathways.Conclusion: SYD can effectively ameliorate various symptoms and alleviate intestinal mucosal damage and metabolic disorder in DSS induced UC mice. Its effect is mainly related to sphingolipid metabolism, PI3K/AKT-mTOR signaling pathway and S1P3 pathway.Keywords: metabolomics, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, network pharmacology, Shaoyao decoction, ulcerative colitis

Herein, an albumin-enriched nanocomplex was developed for the solubilization and intravascular administration of clopidogrel bisulfate (CLP). In particular, CLP nanoparticles (HS-CLP-NPs) were synthesized via an improved nab-technology method using Solutol HS-15, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was further enriched on the nanoparticle surface forming a protein corona (BH-CLP-NPs). BH-CLP-NPs displayed an average size of 163.4 ± 10.5 nm, a zeta potential of 1.85 ± 0.03 mV, an encapsulation efficiency of 99.9%, and a drug loading capacity of 32.9%. The cumulative release of CLP from BH-CLP-NPs reached about 60% within 168 h. The pharmacokinetic study on the CLP metabolite indicated that the BSA-enriched nanoparticle showed greater in vivo exposure. Pharmacodynamic studies in the renal ischemia/reperfusion injury rat model further demonstrated the renal protective effect of systemically administered BH-CLP-NPs against acute kidney injury with significantly downregulated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. Overall, the albumin-enriched nanocomplexes offer a neat and efficient strategy for the development of poorly water-soluble drugs to achieve intravascular administration.

In order to explore effects of long-chain non-coding ribonucleic acid (RNA) HOTAIR on proliferation and migration of human lens epithelial cells, SRA01/04 cells were selected as the research strain in this study and divided into S1 group (no HOTAIR transfection), S2 group (siHOTAIR transfection), S3 group (siHOTAIR+10 ng/mL TGF-β2), and S4 group (no HOTAIR transfection+10 ng/mL TGF-β2) according to the presence or absence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 and silent HOTAIR treatment. 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) colorimetric method was applied to detect cell proliferation.Western blot was used for detection of E-cadherin, zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), Vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), Snail, Slug, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), and Smad-2 expressions. Results showed that the number of transmembrane cells in S4 group was higher markedly than that of the other groups, but that of S2 group dropped steeply compared with the other groups (P α-SMA (0.64±0.28) decreased sharply compared with the other groups (P < 0.05); Snail (2.51±0.59), Slug (2.11±0.47), and ZEB1 (2.83±0.53) of S4 group rose obviously compared with the other groups, but the above of S2 group reduced hugely compared with the other groups (P < 0.05); pSmad-2 and pSmad-3 of S4 group elevated greatly compared with the other groups, and those of S2 group reduced hugely compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, HOTAIR high expression could promote TGF-β2-induced SRA01/04 cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal trans-differentiation, which was related to TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

SOCIAL SCIENCE ASIA : Official Journal of National Research Council of Thailand in conjunction with Journal of Social Work, 9, 1, 52-67

Yiting Luo,1 Jin Wu,1 Yingchao Liu,2 Yan Shen,3 Fangyuan Zhu,1 Jiaqian Wu,1 Yuyao Hu3 1The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Academic Affairs Office, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yuyao Hu, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 318 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Email 20094017@zcmu.edu.cnPurpose: Shaoyao decoction (SYD) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). The exact mechanism of action of SYD in UC treatment is still unclear. Here, we examined the therapeutic effects of SYD in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and explored the underlying mechanism.Methods: The experimental group was divided into normal control, UC, and SYD treatment groups. The UC model of C57BL/6 mice was induced using 3% (w/v) DSS for 7 days. SYD was orally administered for 7 days. The proximal and distal colonic metabolic profiles were detected using quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics.Results: SYD significantly increased weight, reduced disease activity index scores, and ameliorated colon length shortening and pathological damage in mice. In the distal colon, SYD increased the abundance of phosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidylethanolamine and decreased the abundance of lactosylceramide, erythrodiol 3-palmitate, and lysophosphatidylcholine. In the proximal colon, SYD increased the abundance of palmitic acid, cyclonormammein, monoacylglyceride, 13S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, and ceanothine C and decreased the abundance of tetracosahexaenoic acid, phosphatidylserine, and diglyceride.Conclusion: Our findings revealed that SYD could alleviate UC by regulating metabolic dysfunction, which provides a reference for further studies on SYD.Keywords: Shaoyao decoction, ulcerative colitis, metabolomics, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, DSS-induced colitis mouse model

Phytoremediation could be an alternative strategy for lead (Pb) contamination.

Advanced oxidation technology represented by hydroxyl radicals has great potential to remove residual antibiotics. In this study, we systematically compared the metronidazole (MTZ) degradation behavior and mechanism in the UV and UV/H2O2 systems at pH 3.00 condition. The results show that the initial reaction rates were 0.147 and 1.47 µM min−1 in the UV and UV/H2O2 systems, respectively. The main reason for the slow direct photolysis of MTZ is the relatively low molar absorption coefficient (2645.44 M−1 cm−1) and quantum yield (5.9 × 10−3 mol Einstein−1). Then, we measured kMTZ,OH• as 2.79 (±0.12) × 109 M−1 s−1 by competitive kinetics, and calculated kMTZ,OH• and [OH•]SS as 2.43 (±0.11) × 109 M−1 s−1 and 2.36 × 10−13 M by establishing a kinetic model based on the steady-state hypothesis in our UV/H2O2 system. The contribution of direct photolysis and •OH to the MTZ degradation was 9.9% and 90.1%. •OH plays a major role in the MTZ degradation, and •OH was the main active material in the UV/H2O2 system. This result was also confirmed by MTZ degradation and radicals’ identification experiments. MTZ degradation increases with H2O2 dosage, but excessive H2O2 had the opposite effect. A complex matrix has influence on MTZ degradation. Organic matter could inhibit the degradation of MTZ, and the quenching of the radical was the main reason. NO3− promoted the MTZ degradation, while SO42− and Cl− had no effect. These results are of fundamental and practical importance in understanding the MTZ degradation, and to help select preferred processes for the optimal removal of antibiotics in natural water bodies, such as rivers, lakes, and groundwater

Selective inhibition of eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A), an RNA helicase, has been proposed as a strategy to fight pathogens. Plant-derived rocaglates exhibit some of the highest specificities among eIF4A inhibitors. Sensitivity to rocaglates is determined by key amino acid (aa) residues mediating reversible clamping of the eIF4A:RNA complex. To date, no comprehensive assessment of eIF4A sensitivity to rocaglates across the eukaryotic tree of life has been performed to determine their anti-pathogenic potential.We performed an in silico analysis of the substitution patterns of six aa residues in eIF4A1 critical to rocaglate binding (human positions 158, 159, 163, 192, 195, 199), uncovering 35 pattern variants among 365 eIF4As sequenced to date. In silico molecular docking analysis of the eIF4A:RNA:rocaglate complexes of the 35 variants, modeled in a human eIF4A environment, and in vitro thermal shift assays with recombinantly expressed human eIF4A mutants, representing select natural and artificial variants, revealed that sensitivity to a natural or one of two synthetic rocaglates—silvestrol, CR-1-31-B, or zotatifin—was associated with lower inferred binding energies and higher melting temperature shifts. Helicase activities were comparable across variants and independent of sensitivity to rocaglates.In vitro testing with silvestrol validated predicted resistance based on position 163 substitutions in Caenorhabditis elegans and Leishmania amazonensis and predicted sensitivity in Aedes sp., Schistosoma mansoni, Trypanosoma brucei, Plasmodium falciparum, and Toxoplasma gondii.Our analysis shows resistance to rocaglates emerging in disparate eukaryotic clades pointing to resistance being a selective neutral trait except in rocaglate-producing Aglaia plants and their fungal parasite Ophiocordyceps. The analysis further revealed the possibility of targeting important insect, plant, animal, and human pathogens including Galleria mellonella, Ustilago maydis, Babesia ovata, and Cryptosporidium sp., with rocaglates. Finally, combined docking and thermal shift analyses might help design novel synthetic rocaglate derivatives or alternative eIF4A inhibitors to fight pathogens.Author SummaryIn the ongoing search for novel ways to fight non-viral and non-bacterial pathogens, targeting translation—the universal process of protein synthesis—to inhibit growth and cell proliferation has emerged as an attractive strategy. Here, we focused on the potential of rocaglates, a group of plant-derived compounds, to inhibit an early step in translation mediated by a RNA helicase called eIF4A. We performed a comprehensive analysis of eIF4A sequence variants to determine their potential sensitivities to rocaglates, especially in pathogens of prokaryotic, fungal, or animal origin. We complemented this in silico analysis with enzyme-based in vitro and whole pathogen in vivo experiments to confirm the sensitivity or resistance to rocaglates of specific variants of eIF4A. Our analysis provides the first comprehensive picture of rocaglate sensitivity among pathogens and establishes targeting important insect, plant, animal, and human pathogens such as wax moth larvae, a major parasite of honey bees, corn smut, a widely distributed fungal disease, Babesia, a livestock parasite that causes anemia and babesiois, and Cryptosporidium, the causative organism of cryptosporidiosis in humans, with rocaglates as a viable anti-pathogen strategy.

We develop a kind of photocurable liquid crystal hydrogels with bone extracellular matrix (ECM)-like liquid crystal state and viscoelasticity, as well as different chargeability. First, positively charged chitin whiskers (CHWs) and negatively charged maleic anhydride chitin whiskers (mCHWs) were prepared, which further self-assemble to form chiral nematic liquid crystals under ultrasonic treatment, respectively. Subsequently, poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and photo initiator were added, and then two kinds of liquid crystal hydrogels with bone ECM-like viscoelasticity and different chargeability were prepared under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Benefiting from the bone ECM-like liquid crystal state and viscoelasticity, the prepared liquid crystal hydrogels exhibit remarkable cell affinity and osteogenic ability. Moreover, the liquid crystal hydrogel with negatively charged mCHWs is more favorable for cell adhesion, spreading and osteogenic differentiation than that with positively charged CHWs. This work provides a promising strategy to prepare the hydrogels with bone ECM-like liquid crystal properties and viscoelasticity for bone repair.

At present, the application of phytoremediation technology in the ecological remediation of heavy metal tailings is receiving more and more attention. In this study, the physiological and biochemical response and tolerance mechanism of woody plant Nerium indicum to Pb and Zn under different proportions of inorganic modifier calcium carbonate (C1: 5%, C2: 10%, C3: 15%) and organic modifier mushroom residue (M1: 10%, M2: 20%, M3: 30%) was compared. The results showed that the pH value has a trend of C group > M group > CK group and organic matter has a trend of M group > CK group > C group. Phosphatase activity and catalase activity has a trend of M group > C group > CK group, but catalase was more vulnerable to the calcium carbonate concentration. Both modifiers can promote the transformation of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd in tailings to more stable organic bound and residual states. However, the stabilization effect of mushroom residue is better, and its stability is Pb, Zn > Cd, Cu. Both modifiers can increase the biomass of Nerium indicum and the modification effect of mushroom residue is better than calcium carbonate. Pb/Zn content and accumulation in Nerium indicum organs showed root > stem > leaf in all groups. Compared with the CK group, the enrichment coefficient of Pb/Zn in C1 and M1 groups decreased, while the translocation factor of Pb/Zn in C1 and M1 groups increased. With the increase in modifier concentration, the enrichment coefficient increases about 1.75~52.94%, but the translocation factor decreases rapidly (20.01~64.46%). Clearly, both the calcium carbonate and mushroom residue amendment could promote the growth ability of Nerium indicum in lead–zinc tailings and strengthen the phytoremediation potential.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common complication of diabetes mellitus, is the major cause of visual impairment and blindness. Circ_0000615 was found to be elevated in retina samples of diabetic patients. Hence, the detailed effects and molecular mechanisms of circ_0000615 in DN progression were explored. Methods: The levels of circ_0000615, microRNA (miR)-646 and YAP1 (yes-associated protein 1) were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. Cell viability, apoptosis, inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were determined using cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, caspase3 activity analysis, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay, respectively. The binding interaction between miR-646 and circ_0000615 or YAP1 was determined using dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and RNA pull-down assays. Results: Circ_0000615 was elevated in high glucose (HG)-induced human retinal pigment epithelium (HRPE) cells. Knockdown of circ_0000615 attenuated HG-triggered HRPE cell apoptosis, inflammation, and ROS generation. Mechanistically, miR-646 was confirmed to be a target of circ_0000615, inhibition of miR-646 reversed the protective effects of circ_0000615 knockdown on HG-evoked HRPE cell dysfunction. MiR-646 was verified to target YAP1, overexpression of YAP1 abolished the impairment induced by miR-646 on HG-induced HRPE cell damage. Besides that, we confirmed that circ_0000615 could regulate YAP1 expression via miR-646. Conclusion: Circ_0000615 contributed to HG-induced HRPE cell dysfunction via miR-646/YAP1 axis, suggesting a novel insight into the pathogenesis of DR and a potential candidate for DR treatment.

Objective. Shenling Baizhu San (SLBZS) is reported as an effective drug for ulcerative colitis (UC); however, its effect on intestinal flora remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of SLBZS on intestinal flora in a rat model of UC with spleen deficiency and dampness. Methods. UC was induced in rats using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid on the basis of a model of spleen deficiency and dampness. The 16S rDNA sequencing was used to detect structural changes in the intestinal flora; the phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved state (PICRUSt) analysis was used to predict the altered pathways. Results. Compared with the model group, rats in the SLBZS group exhibited decreased levels of TNF-α P < 0.05 , and increased abundance and diversity of the intestinal flora. The abundance of Actinobacteria P < 0.001 and Bacteroides P < 0.01 increased and that of Firmicutes decreased P < 0.001 , and the abundance of Bifidobacterium P < 0.05 and Allobaculum increased. PICRUSt analysis showed that the altered pathways between the groups were those of fatty acid and antibiotic biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Conclusions. SLBZS can regulate the structure and function of the intestinal flora, alter expression levels of certain metabolic pathways, and has the potential to treat UC.

A simple and practical method for the synthesis of thio-substituted esters through copper(i)-catalyzed intermolecular 1,2-estersulfenylation of styrenes with peroxyesters and disulfides was developed. In this transformation, two new C-S bond and C-O bond were constructed simultaneously under a copper catalyst system, and the transformation exhibits a broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility. In addition, this method can also be applied to arylthiols. It should be noted that peroxyesters not only acted as nucleophilic reagents but also as oxidants.

Open in a separate window The poor compatibility of an inorganic electron transport layer with the active layer and an ultrathin film organic material becomes a great obstacle in producing high-quality polymer solar cells with high-throughput roll-to-roll (R2R) method. Novel effective polymer solar cells had been fabricated by introducing 1, 7-disubstituted perylene diimide derivatives PDIH, PDIC, and PDIN as an electron transporting layer. It was noteworthy that PDIN could obviously improve the power conversion efficiency of solar cells that incorporated a photoactive layer composed of poly[(3-hexylthiophene)-2, 5-diyl] (P3HT) and the fullerene acceptor [6, 6-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester] (PC71BM). The power conversion efficiency varies from 1.5% for ZnO transparent cathode-based solar cells to 2.1% for PDIN-based electron transport layer-free solar cells. This improved performance could be attributed to the following reasons: the interaction between N atom in PDIN and O atom in indium tin oxide (ITO) reduced the work function of ITO, increased the built-in electric field, and thus lowered the electron transport barrier and improved the electron extraction ability of cathode, the appropriate roughness of the active layer increased the contact area with anode interfacial layer and enhanced the hole transport efficiency. These experimental results revealed that PDIN can be a promising novel effective material with a simplified synthesis process and lower cost as an electron transporting layer.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease with abdominal pain, mucus, pus and blood in the stool as the main clinical manifestations. The pathogenesis of UC is still not completely clear, and multiple factors, such as genetic susceptibility, immune response, intestinal microecological changes and environmental factors, together lead to the onset of UC. In recent years, the role of intestinal microbiota disturbances on the pathogenesis of UC has received widespread attention. Therefore, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which changes the intestinal microecological environment of UC patients by transplantation of normal fecal bacteria, has attracted increasing attention from researchers. However, there are no guidelines to recommend fresh FMT or frozen FMT in the treatment of UC, and there are few studies on this. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effects of fresh and frozen FMT methods on the treatment of experimental UC models in rats.Results: Compared with the model control group, all FMT groups achieved better efficacy, mainly manifested as weight gain by the rats, improvements in fecal characteristics and blood stools, reduced inflammatory factors and normal bacterial microbiota. The efficacy of the frozen FMT group was better than that of the fresh FMT group in terms of behavior and colon length.Conclusion: FMT method supplements the gut microbiota with beneficial bacteria, such as short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. These bacteria can regulate intestinal function, protect the mucosal barrier and reduce harmful bacteria, thus mitigating the damage to the intestinal barrier and the associated inflammatory response, resulting in UC remission. FMT is a feasible method for treating UC, with frozen FMT having a superior therapeutic effect than that of fresh FMT.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease with abdominal pain, mucus, pus, and blood in the stool as the main clinical manifestations. The pathogenesis of UC is still not completely clear, and multiple factors such as genetic susceptibility, immune response, intestinal microecological changes, and environmental factors together lead to the onset of UC. In recent years, the role of intestinal flora disturbance on the pathogenesis of UC has received widespread attention. Therefore, fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT), which changes the intestinal microecological environment of UC patients by transplantation of normal fecal bacteria, has attracted increasing attention from researchers. However, there are no guidelines at home and abroad to recommend fresh FMT or frozen FMT in the treatment of UC, and there are a few studies on this. Therefore the purpose of this experiment was to explore the effects of fresh and frozen fecal microbiota transplantation methods on the treatment of experimental ulcerative colitis models in rats.Results: Compared with the model control group, all faecal microbiota transplantation groups achieved better efficacy, mainly manifested as weight gain by the rats, improvements in faecal characteristics and blood stools, reduced inflammatory factors, and normal bacterial flora. The efficacy of the frozen faecal microbiota transplantation group was better than that of the fresh faecal microbiota transplantation group in terms of behaviour and colon length .Conclusions: FMT is a feasible method for treating UC. The mechanism of action may be via competitive inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms, improved immune metabolism, and reduced inflammatory response to mitigate the damage to the intestinal barrier and cause UC remission. Compared with fresh FMT, the therapeutic effect of frozen FMT may be greater.

In this study, we investigated the removal efficiency of a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent trimethoprim (TMP) in a UV-activated persulfate system (UV/PS). The pseudo-first-order reaction kinetic model based on the steady-state hypothesis was used to explain TMP degradation behavior in UV-activated persulfate system. Due to the low quantum yield and molar absorptivity of TMP at 254 nm, the direct photolysis of TMP was slower. Since the free radicals generated by adding H2O2 or PS to the system can react with TMP, the degradation rate was significantly accelerated, and\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_4^{\bullet -} $$\end{document}SO4•− played a dominant role in the UV/PS system. \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ {k}_{\mathrm{H}{\mathrm{O}}^{\bullet },\mathrm{TMP}} $$\end{document}kHO•,TMP and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ {k}_{{\mathrm{SO}}_4^{\bullet -},\mathrm{TMP}} $$\end{document}kSO4•−,TMP were determined by the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetic model to be 6.02×109 and 3.88×109 M−1s−1, respectively. The values were consistent with competitive kinetic measurements. The pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics model can predict and explain the effect of PS concentration, natural organic matter, and chloride ion on the TMP degradation in the UV/PS system. The observed pseudo first-order rate constants for TMP degradation (kobs) increased with the persulfate concentration, but it significantly decreased in the presence of NOM and chloride. \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_4^{2-} $$\end{document}SO42− has no effect on the degradation of TMP, while \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \mathrm{HC}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathsf{3}}^{-} $$\end{document}HCO3− promotes the degradation and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_3^{-} $$\end{document}NO3− inhibits the degradation. The common transition metal ion (such as Cu2+, Zn2+, and Co2+) in industrial wastewater has a synergistic effect on the TMP degradation in the UV/PS system, but excessive metal ions will lead to a decrease of the degradation rate.

Pre-caching popular contents in advance at the network edge such as base stations is a promising method to improve the service quality by reducing the transmission cost and network congestion. In this paper, by jointly considering the mobile users’ rating on different contents into the incentive mechanism design, we proposed a rating-aware incentive mechanism for efficiently selecting some BSs to pre-cache the popular contents. The proposed mechanism can achieve higher performance compared with other existing methods in terms of the social welfare. In specific, the proposed mechanism can improve the achieved social welfare by 11.75% and 9.97% compared with the mechanism of random caching and the caching based on bid price, respectively. In addition, the proposed mechanism satisfies the nice properties of individual rationality and truthfulness.

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STI) worldwide. We explored the factors associated with willingness to participate in partner notification (PN) among women attending reproductive health and STI clinics in Shenzhen, China. An anonymous questionnaire was used to collect the sociodemographic characteristics, STI histories, and willingness to participate in routine CT screening and partner notification. In total, 87.31% (n = 10,780) of participants were willing to notify their sex partner(s) if they were diagnosed with a CT infection. Willingness to complete PN was significantly associated with: being married, residing in Shenzhen &ge, 1 year, having completed junior college or higher, not currently reporting STI-related symptoms, willing to have routine CT screening, and having a correct understanding of the health sequelae of CT infection. Nearly all women surveyed at reproductive health and STI clinics in Shenzhen reported willingness to complete PN. Promoting PN in these settings could help detect a large number of additional CT cases. Our findings provide evidence and implications for public health interventions on PN and suggest that targeted interventions are urgently needed for particular subpopulations including those not currently married, with shorter residency, lower education, and less awareness about the dangers of CT infection.

With a large number of distributed renewable energies, distributed energy storage and controllable devices connected to end users, the traditional electricity consumers have been transformed into prosumers with dual characteristics of electricity production and consumption, which can carry out flexible peer-to-peer transactions anytime and anywhere. Firstly, this paper puts forward the framework of prosumers peer-to-peer transaction. Secondly, a peer-to-peer transaction model is constructed, which takes the constraints of energy conservation, energy storage charge and discharge, and interactive power into account. And the aim is maximizing the interests of prosumers. Then, considering the influence of distribution network physical constraints on the transaction results, the transmission power of the transmission line is calculated by the power transfer distribution factor (PTDF) to adjust the transaction. Finally, taking the distribution network with IEEE15 nodes to study the case, and analyzing the influence of distribution network physical constraints to the prosumers peer-to-peer transaction.

Strategic choices for energy conservation, emission reduction and a low carbon society can be achieved when the renewable energy portfolio standards are implemented. It is an urgent problem that how to maximize the revenue of grid companies in medium and long-term transactions based on the renewable energy portfolio standards. The medium- and long-term trading model of grid companies based on contract transactions and centralized bidding transactions is established in this paper. The completion of renewable energy portfolio standards could be guaranteed by grid companies in accordance with green certificate transactions. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to resolve the problem on case study. The simulation results show that grid companies should shift their power purchase strategies in the context of renewable portfolio standard.