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1. Phytochemical and Antiulcer Activity Screening of Seed Extract of Cordia africana Lam (Boraginaceae) in Pyloric Ligated Rats

Author

Yismaw YE, Abdelwuhab M, Ambikar DB, Yismaw AE, Derebe D, and Melkam W

Subjects
antiulcer, cordia africana, seeds, pylorus ligation, ulcer parameters, ulcer score, ulcer index, percent protection, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Yazachew Engida Yismaw,1 Mohammedbrhan Abdelwuhab,2 Digambar B Ambikar,2 Ayenew Engida Yismaw,3 Dagninet Derebe,1 Wondim Melkam1 1Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Health Science, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; 2University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Gondar, Ethiopia; 3University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Health Science, Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Yazachew Engida Yismaw Email yachewable@gmail.comIntroduction: Peptic ulcer disease represents a worldwide health problem because of its high morbidity, mortality and economic loss. It is a very prevalent condition affecting around 10%– 15% of the general population worldwide. Most of the available antiulcer drugs are costly and have an incidence of relapse, drug interactions and several side effects upon chronic usage. Hence, the use of herbal medicine may be safe, economical and effective in such cases when drugs are used for long periods. Ethnobotanical reports showed traditional claims on the use of Cordia africana seeds for the treatment of gastric ulcers. However, the safety and efficacy of these remedies are not well known. The aim of this study is, therefore, to evaluate the antiulcer activity and safety of a crude extract of C. africana seeds in animal models.Methods: Shade-dried seeds of C. africana were extracted by 80% methanol and dried by the rotator evaporator and lyophilized. The crude extract was used to evaluate antiulcer activity in vivo with pylorus ligation method, on Wistar albino rats weighing 230– 250g. Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed using a standard procedure. Acute toxicity study was carried out in Swiss albino mice before antiulcer activity tests.Results: No sign of toxicity was observed upon the administration of 2000 mg/kg of the crude extract to mice. Single-dose administration of 400 and 600 mg/kg extract showed a significant reduction in the volume of secretion and acidity of the stomach (p < 0.01). The doses 400 and 600 mg/kg have reduced the ulcer score by 83.58% and 88%.Conclusion: The result of this study showed that the hydromethanolic crude extract of C. africana has strong antisecretory and ulcer protective activities against ulcers produced by pylorus ligation.Keywords: antiulcer, Cordia africana, seeds, pylorus ligation, ulcer parameters, ulcer score, ulcer index, percent protection

Published
2020

2. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050

Author

Naghavi, M, Vollset, SE, Ikuta, KS, Swetschinski, LR, Gray, AP, Wool, EE, Robles Aguilar, G, Mestrovic, T, Smith, G, Han, C, Hsu, RL, Azzam, AY, Babaei, M, Babin, F-X, Badar, M, Baig, AA, Bajcetic, M, Baker, S, Bardhan, M, Barqawi, HJ, Basharat, Z, Chalek, J, Basiru, A, Bastard, M, Basu, S, Bayleyegn, NS, Belete, MA, Bello, OO, Beloukas, A, Berkley, JA, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhaskar, S, Araki, DT, Bhuyan, SS, Bielicki, JA, Briko, NI, Brown, CS, Browne, AJ, Buonsenso, D, Bustanji, Y, Carvalheiro, CG, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Cenderadewi, M, Chung, E, Chadwick, J, Chakraborty, S, Chandika, RM, Chandy, S, Chansamouth, V, Chattu, VK, Chaudhary, AA, Ching, PR, Chopra, H, Chowdhury, FR, Raggi, C, Chu, D-T, Chutiyami, M, Cruz-Martins, N, da Silva, AG, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Darcho, SD, Das, S, De la Hoz, FP, Dekker, DM, Gershberg Hayoon, A, Dhama, K, Diaz, D, Dickson, BFR, Djorie, SG, Dodangeh, M, Dohare, S, Dokova, KG, Doshi, OP, Dowou, RK, Dsouza, HL, Davis Weaver, N, Dunachie, SJ, Dziedzic, AM, Eckmanns, T, Ed-Dra, A, Eftekharimehrabad, A, Ekundayo, TC, El Sayed, I, Elhadi, M, El-Huneidi, W, Elias, C, Lindstedt, PA, Ellis, SJ, Elsheikh, R, Elsohaby, I, Eltaha, C, Eshrati, B, Eslami, M, Eyre, DW, Fadaka, AO, Fagbamigbe, AF, Fahim, A, Smith, AE, Fakhri-Demeshghieh, A, Fasina, FO, Fasina, MM, Fatehizadeh, A, Feasey, NA, Feizkhah, A, Fekadu, G, Fischer, F, Fitriana, I, Forrest, KM, Altay, U, Fortuna Rodrigues, C, Fuller, JE, Gadanya, MA, Gajdács, M, Gandhi, AP, Garcia-Gallo, EE, Garrett, DO, Gautam, RK, Gebregergis, MW, Gebrehiwot, M, Bhattacharjee, NV, Gebremeskel, TG, Geffers, C, Georgalis, L, Ghazy, RM, Golechha, M, Golinelli, D, Gordon, M, Gulati, S, Gupta, RD, Gupta, S, Giannakis, K, Gupta, VK, Habteyohannes, AD, Haller, S, Harapan, H, Harrison, ML, Hasaballah, AI, Hasan, I, Hasan, RS, Hasani, H, Haselbeck, AH, Fell, F, Hasnain, MS, Hassan, II, Hassan, S, Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei, MS, Hayat, K, He, J, Hegazi, OE, Heidari, M, Hezam, K, Holla, R, McManigal, B, Holm, M, Hopkins, H, Hossain, MM, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Hussein, NR, Huy, LD, Ibáñez-Prada, ED, Ikiroma, A, Ilic, IM, Ekapirat, N, Islam, SMS, Ismail, F, Ismail, NE, Iwu, CD, Iwu-Jaja, CJ, Jafarzadeh, A, Jaiteh, F, Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, R, Jamora, RDG, Javidnia, J, Mendes, JA, Jawaid, T, Jenney, AWJ, Jeon, HJ, Jokar, M, Jomehzadeh, N, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Kamal, Z, Kanmodi, KK, Kantar, RS, Runghien, T, Kapisi, JA, Karaye, IM, Khader, YS, Khajuria, H, Khalid, N, Khamesipour, F, Khan, A, Khan, MJ, Khan, MT, Khanal, V, Srimokla, O, Khidri, FF, Khubchandani, J, Khusuwan, S, Kim, MS, Kisa, A, Korshunov, VA, Krapp, F, Krumkamp, R, Kuddus, M, Kulimbet, M, Abdelkader, A, Kumar, D, Kumaran, EAP, Kuttikkattu, A, Kyu, HH, Landires, I, Lawal, BK, Le, TTT, Lederer, IM, Lee, M, Lee, SW, Abd-Elsalam, S, Lepape, A, Lerango, TL, Ligade, VS, Lim, C, Lim, SS, Limenh, LW, Liu, C, Liu, X, Loftus, MJ, Aboagye, RG, M Amin, HI, Maass, KL, Maharaj, SB, Mahmoud, MA, Maikanti-Charalampous, P, Makram, OM, Malhotra, K, Malik, AA, Mandilara, GD, Marks, F, Abolhassani, H, Martinez-Guerra, BA, Martorell, M, Masoumi-Asl, H, Mathioudakis, AG, May, J, McHugh, TA, Meiring, J, Meles, HN, Melese, A, Melese, EB, Abualruz, H, Minervini, G, Mohamed, NS, Mohammed, S, Mohan, S, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Moodi Ghalibaf, A, Moore, CE, Moradi, Y, Mossialos, E, Abubakar, U, Mougin, V, Mukoro, GD, Mulita, F, Muller-Pebody, B, Murillo-Zamora, E, Musa, S, Musicha, P, Musila, LA, Muthupandian, S, Nagarajan, AJ, Abukhadijah, HJ, Naghavi, P, Nainu, F, Nair, TS, Najmuldeen, HHR, Natto, ZS, Nauman, J, Nayak, BP, Nchanji, GT, Ndishimye, P, Negoi, I, Aburuz, S, Negoi, RI, Nejadghaderi, SA, Nguyen, QP, Noman, EA, Nwakanma, DC, O'Brien, S, Ochoa, TJ, Odetokun, IA, Ogundijo, OA, Ojo-Akosile, TR, Abu-Zaid, A, Okeke, SR, Okonji, OC, Olagunju, AT, Olivas-Martinez, A, Olorukooba, AA, Olwoch, P, Onyedibe, KI, Ortiz-Brizuela, E, Osuolale, O, Ounchanum, P, Achalapong, S, Oyeyemi, OT, P A, MP, Paredes, JL, Parikh, RR, Patel, J, Patil, S, Pawar, S, Peleg, AY, Peprah, P, Perdigão, J, Addo, IY, Perrone, C, Petcu, I-R, Phommasone, K, Piracha, ZZ, Poddighe, D, Pollard, AJ, Poluru, R, Ponce-De-Leon, A, Puvvula, J, Qamar, FN, Adekanmbi, V, Qasim, NH, Rafai, CD, Raghav, P, Rahbarnia, L, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, MA, Ramadan, H, Ramasamy, SK, Adeyeoluwa, TE, Ramesh, PS, Ramteke, PW, Rana, RK, Rani, U, Rashidi, M-M, Rathish, D, Rattanavong, S, Rawaf, S, Redwan, EMM, Reyes, LF, Adnani, QES, Roberts, T, Robotham, JV, Rosenthal, VD, Ross, AG, Roy, N, Rudd, KE, Sabet, CJ, Saddik, BA, Saeb, MR, Saeed, U, Adzigbli, LA, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Saengchan, W, Safaei, M, Saghazadeh, A, Saheb Sharif-Askari, N, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, SS, Sahu, M, Saki, M, Salam, N, Afzal, MS, Saleem, Z, Saleh, MA, Samodra, YL, Samy, AM, Saravanan, A, Satpathy, M, Schumacher, AE, Sedighi, M, Seekaew, S, Shafie, M, Afzal, S, Shah, PA, Shahid, S, Shahwan, MJ, Shakoor, S, Shalev, N, Shamim, MA, Shamshirgaran, MA, Shamsi, A, Sharifan, A, Shastry, RP, Agodi, A, Shetty, M, Shittu, A, Shrestha, S, Siddig, EE, Sideroglou, T, Sifuentes-Osornio, J, Silva, LMLR, Simões, EAF, Simpson, AJH, Singh, A, Ahlstrom, AJ, Singh, S, Sinto, R, Soliman, SSM, Soraneh, S, Stoesser, N, Stoeva, TZ, Swain, CK, Szarpak, L, T Y, SS, Tabatabai, S, Ahmad, A, Tabche, C, Taha, ZM-A, Tan, K-K, Tasak, N, Tat, NY, Thaiprakong, A, Thangaraju, P, Tigoi, CC, Tiwari, K, Tovani-Palone, MR, Ahmad, S, Tran, TH, Tumurkhuu, M, Turner, P, Udoakang, AJ, Udoh, A, Ullah, N, Ullah, S, Vaithinathan, AG, Valenti, M, Vos, T, Ahmad, T, Vu, HTL, Waheed, Y, Walker, AS, Walson, JL, Wangrangsimakul, T, Weerakoon, KG, Wertheim, HFL, Williams, PCM, Wolde, AA, Wozniak, TM, Ahmadi, A, Wu, F, Wu, Z, Yadav, MKK, Yaghoubi, S, Yahaya, ZS, Yarahmadi, A, Yezli, S, Yismaw, YE, Yon, DK, Yuan, C-W, Ahmed, A, Yusuf, H, Zakham, F, Zamagni, G, Zhang, H, Zhang, Z-J, Zielińska, M, Zumla, A, Zyoud, SHH, Zyoud, SH, Hay, SI, Ahmed, H, Stergachis, A, Sartorius, B, Cooper, BS, Dolecek, C, Murray, CJL, Ahmed, I, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, S, Ahmed, SA, Akkaif, MA, Al Awaidy, S, Al Thaher, Y, Alalalmeh, SO, AlBataineh, MT, Aldhaleei, WA, Al-Gheethi, AAS, Alhaji, NB, Ali, A, Ali, L, Ali, SS, Ali, W, Allel, K, Al-Marwani, S, Alrawashdeh, A, Altaf, A, Al-Tammemi, AB, Al-Tawfiq, JA, Alzoubi, KH, Al-Zyoud, WA, Amos, B, Amuasi, JH, Ancuceanu, R, Andrews, JR, Anil, A, Anuoluwa, IA, Anvari, S, Anyasodor, AE, Apostol, GLC, Arabloo, J, Arafat, M, Aravkin, AY, Areda, D, Aremu, A, Artamonov, AA, Ashley, EA, Asika, MO, Athari, SS, Atout, MMW, Awoke, T, Azadnajafabad, S, Azam, JM, Aziz, S, Naghavi, M, Vollset, SE, Ikuta, KS, Swetschinski, LR, Gray, AP, Wool, EE, Robles Aguilar, G, Mestrovic, T, Smith, G, Han, C, Hsu, RL, Azzam, AY, Babaei, M, Babin, F-X, Badar, M, Baig, AA, Bajcetic, M, Baker, S, Bardhan, M, Barqawi, HJ, Basharat, Z, Chalek, J, Basiru, A, Bastard, M, Basu, S, Bayleyegn, NS, Belete, MA, Bello, OO, Beloukas, A, Berkley, JA, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhaskar, S, Araki, DT, Bhuyan, SS, Bielicki, JA, Briko, NI, Brown, CS, Browne, AJ, Buonsenso, D, Bustanji, Y, Carvalheiro, CG, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Cenderadewi, M, Chung, E, Chadwick, J, Chakraborty, S, Chandika, RM, Chandy, S, Chansamouth, V, Chattu, VK, Chaudhary, AA, Ching, PR, Chopra, H, Chowdhury, FR, Raggi, C, Chu, D-T, Chutiyami, M, Cruz-Martins, N, da Silva, AG, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Darcho, SD, Das, S, De la Hoz, FP, Dekker, DM, Gershberg Hayoon, A, Dhama, K, Diaz, D, Dickson, BFR, Djorie, SG, Dodangeh, M, Dohare, S, Dokova, KG, Doshi, OP, Dowou, RK, Dsouza, HL, Davis Weaver, N, Dunachie, SJ, Dziedzic, AM, Eckmanns, T, Ed-Dra, A, Eftekharimehrabad, A, Ekundayo, TC, El Sayed, I, Elhadi, M, El-Huneidi, W, Elias, C, Lindstedt, PA, Ellis, SJ, Elsheikh, R, Elsohaby, I, Eltaha, C, Eshrati, B, Eslami, M, Eyre, DW, Fadaka, AO, Fagbamigbe, AF, Fahim, A, Smith, AE, Fakhri-Demeshghieh, A, Fasina, FO, Fasina, MM, Fatehizadeh, A, Feasey, NA, Feizkhah, A, Fekadu, G, Fischer, F, Fitriana, I, Forrest, KM, Altay, U, Fortuna Rodrigues, C, Fuller, JE, Gadanya, MA, Gajdács, M, Gandhi, AP, Garcia-Gallo, EE, Garrett, DO, Gautam, RK, Gebregergis, MW, Gebrehiwot, M, Bhattacharjee, NV, Gebremeskel, TG, Geffers, C, Georgalis, L, Ghazy, RM, Golechha, M, Golinelli, D, Gordon, M, Gulati, S, Gupta, RD, Gupta, S, Giannakis, K, Gupta, VK, Habteyohannes, AD, Haller, S, Harapan, H, Harrison, ML, Hasaballah, AI, Hasan, I, Hasan, RS, Hasani, H, Haselbeck, AH, Fell, F, Hasnain, MS, Hassan, II, Hassan, S, Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei, MS, Hayat, K, He, J, Hegazi, OE, Heidari, M, Hezam, K, Holla, R, McManigal, B, Holm, M, Hopkins, H, Hossain, MM, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Hussein, NR, Huy, LD, Ibáñez-Prada, ED, Ikiroma, A, Ilic, IM, Ekapirat, N, Islam, SMS, Ismail, F, Ismail, NE, Iwu, CD, Iwu-Jaja, CJ, Jafarzadeh, A, Jaiteh, F, Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, R, Jamora, RDG, Javidnia, J, Mendes, JA, Jawaid, T, Jenney, AWJ, Jeon, HJ, Jokar, M, Jomehzadeh, N, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Kamal, Z, Kanmodi, KK, Kantar, RS, Runghien, T, Kapisi, JA, Karaye, IM, Khader, YS, Khajuria, H, Khalid, N, Khamesipour, F, Khan, A, Khan, MJ, Khan, MT, Khanal, V, Srimokla, O, Khidri, FF, Khubchandani, J, Khusuwan, S, Kim, MS, Kisa, A, Korshunov, VA, Krapp, F, Krumkamp, R, Kuddus, M, Kulimbet, M, Abdelkader, A, Kumar, D, Kumaran, EAP, Kuttikkattu, A, Kyu, HH, Landires, I, Lawal, BK, Le, TTT, Lederer, IM, Lee, M, Lee, SW, Abd-Elsalam, S, Lepape, A, Lerango, TL, Ligade, VS, Lim, C, Lim, SS, Limenh, LW, Liu, C, Liu, X, Loftus, MJ, Aboagye, RG, M Amin, HI, Maass, KL, Maharaj, SB, Mahmoud, MA, Maikanti-Charalampous, P, Makram, OM, Malhotra, K, Malik, AA, Mandilara, GD, Marks, F, Abolhassani, H, Martinez-Guerra, BA, Martorell, M, Masoumi-Asl, H, Mathioudakis, AG, May, J, McHugh, TA, Meiring, J, Meles, HN, Melese, A, Melese, EB, Abualruz, H, Minervini, G, Mohamed, NS, Mohammed, S, Mohan, S, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Moodi Ghalibaf, A, Moore, CE, Moradi, Y, Mossialos, E, Abubakar, U, Mougin, V, Mukoro, GD, Mulita, F, Muller-Pebody, B, Murillo-Zamora, E, Musa, S, Musicha, P, Musila, LA, Muthupandian, S, Nagarajan, AJ, Abukhadijah, HJ, Naghavi, P, Nainu, F, Nair, TS, Najmuldeen, HHR, Natto, ZS, Nauman, J, Nayak, BP, Nchanji, GT, Ndishimye, P, Negoi, I, Aburuz, S, Negoi, RI, Nejadghaderi, SA, Nguyen, QP, Noman, EA, Nwakanma, DC, O'Brien, S, Ochoa, TJ, Odetokun, IA, Ogundijo, OA, Ojo-Akosile, TR, Abu-Zaid, A, Okeke, SR, Okonji, OC, Olagunju, AT, Olivas-Martinez, A, Olorukooba, AA, Olwoch, P, Onyedibe, KI, Ortiz-Brizuela, E, Osuolale, O, Ounchanum, P, Achalapong, S, Oyeyemi, OT, P A, MP, Paredes, JL, Parikh, RR, Patel, J, Patil, S, Pawar, S, Peleg, AY, Peprah, P, Perdigão, J, Addo, IY, Perrone, C, Petcu, I-R, Phommasone, K, Piracha, ZZ, Poddighe, D, Pollard, AJ, Poluru, R, Ponce-De-Leon, A, Puvvula, J, Qamar, FN, Adekanmbi, V, Qasim, NH, Rafai, CD, Raghav, P, Rahbarnia, L, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, MA, Ramadan, H, Ramasamy, SK, Adeyeoluwa, TE, Ramesh, PS, Ramteke, PW, Rana, RK, Rani, U, Rashidi, M-M, Rathish, D, Rattanavong, S, Rawaf, S, Redwan, EMM, Reyes, LF, Adnani, QES, Roberts, T, Robotham, JV, Rosenthal, VD, Ross, AG, Roy, N, Rudd, KE, Sabet, CJ, Saddik, BA, Saeb, MR, Saeed, U, Adzigbli, LA, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Saengchan, W, Safaei, M, Saghazadeh, A, Saheb Sharif-Askari, N, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, SS, Sahu, M, Saki, M, Salam, N, Afzal, MS, Saleem, Z, Saleh, MA, Samodra, YL, Samy, AM, Saravanan, A, Satpathy, M, Schumacher, AE, Sedighi, M, Seekaew, S, Shafie, M, Afzal, S, Shah, PA, Shahid, S, Shahwan, MJ, Shakoor, S, Shalev, N, Shamim, MA, Shamshirgaran, MA, Shamsi, A, Sharifan, A, Shastry, RP, Agodi, A, Shetty, M, Shittu, A, Shrestha, S, Siddig, EE, Sideroglou, T, Sifuentes-Osornio, J, Silva, LMLR, Simões, EAF, Simpson, AJH, Singh, A, Ahlstrom, AJ, Singh, S, Sinto, R, Soliman, SSM, Soraneh, S, Stoesser, N, Stoeva, TZ, Swain, CK, Szarpak, L, T Y, SS, Tabatabai, S, Ahmad, A, Tabche, C, Taha, ZM-A, Tan, K-K, Tasak, N, Tat, NY, Thaiprakong, A, Thangaraju, P, Tigoi, CC, Tiwari, K, Tovani-Palone, MR, Ahmad, S, Tran, TH, Tumurkhuu, M, Turner, P, Udoakang, AJ, Udoh, A, Ullah, N, Ullah, S, Vaithinathan, AG, Valenti, M, Vos, T, Ahmad, T, Vu, HTL, Waheed, Y, Walker, AS, Walson, JL, Wangrangsimakul, T, Weerakoon, KG, Wertheim, HFL, Williams, PCM, Wolde, AA, Wozniak, TM, Ahmadi, A, Wu, F, Wu, Z, Yadav, MKK, Yaghoubi, S, Yahaya, ZS, Yarahmadi, A, Yezli, S, Yismaw, YE, Yon, DK, Yuan, C-W, Ahmed, A, Yusuf, H, Zakham, F, Zamagni, G, Zhang, H, Zhang, Z-J, Zielińska, M, Zumla, A, Zyoud, SHH, Zyoud, SH, Hay, SI, Ahmed, H, Stergachis, A, Sartorius, B, Cooper, BS, Dolecek, C, Murray, CJL, Ahmed, I, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, S, Ahmed, SA, Akkaif, MA, Al Awaidy, S, Al Thaher, Y, Alalalmeh, SO, AlBataineh, MT, Aldhaleei, WA, Al-Gheethi, AAS, Alhaji, NB, Ali, A, Ali, L, Ali, SS, Ali, W, Allel, K, Al-Marwani, S, Alrawashdeh, A, Altaf, A, Al-Tammemi, AB, Al-Tawfiq, JA, Alzoubi, KH, Al-Zyoud, WA, Amos, B, Amuasi, JH, Ancuceanu, R, Andrews, JR, Anil, A, Anuoluwa, IA, Anvari, S, Anyasodor, AE, Apostol, GLC, Arabloo, J, Arafat, M, Aravkin, AY, Areda, D, Aremu, A, Artamonov, AA, Ashley, EA, Asika, MO, Athari, SS, Atout, MMW, Awoke, T, Azadnajafabad, S, Azam, JM, and Aziz, S

Published
2024

3. Medication non-adherence and predictor factors among adult asthmatic patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Tafere C, Bahiru B, Yehualaw A, Demsie DG, Feyisa K, Yismaw MB, Aschale E, Debasu Z, Yilma Z, Agmassie Z, Mulatu S, Yismaw YE, Adal O, and Endeshaw D

Subjects
Adult, Humans, Anti-Asthmatic Agents therapeutic use, Ethiopia, Asthma drug therapy, Assessment of Medication Adherence
Abstract

Objective: A pronounced burden is evident in individuals with asthma, with approximately half of them not adhering to their prescribed medication. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of anti-asthma medications non-adherence in Ethiopia., Data Sources: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple electronic databases including PubMed, Africa Index Medicus, Science Direct, Hinari, and a search engine, Google Scholar from October 5 to 20, 2023. In addition, digital research repositories from Addis Ababa and Bahir Dar University were accessed., Data Selection: The eligibility criteria was employed to screen studies after uploading search results to EndNote software to remove duplicates first. Then, two investigators, CT and BBT, independently assessed titles, abstracts, and the full text of all retrieved references to identify potentially eligible studies., Result: This meta-analysis, which was conducted in Ethiopia, and included 11 full-text articles, revealed a pooled asthma medication non-adherence level of 51.20% (95% CI 35.20%, 67.20%) with substantial heterogeneity ( I 2 = 99.08%). The review has also identified factors predicting non-adherence among asthmatic patients: free (health service) (AOR: 0.31, 95% CI 0.18-0.54), poor knowledge (AOR: 2.85, 95% CI 1.61-5.05), absence of formal education (AOR: 3.01, 95% CI 1.72-5.25), history of previous ADR (AOR: 8.57, 95% CI 1.12-65.3), and the presence of Co- morbidity(AOR: 3.28, 95% CI 2.014-5.68), had shown association with asthma medication non-adherence., Conclusion: Asthma medication non-adherence is notably high in Ethiopia. Addressing medication non-adherence requires a comprehensive approach, including clear communication between healthcare providers, patient education, and addressing financial barriers to ensure better adherence in asthma patients.

Published
2024
Full Text
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4. Burden of lower respiratory infections and associated risk factors across regions in Ethiopia: a subnational analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases 2019 study.

Author

Yigezu A, Misganaw A, Getnet F, Berheto TM, Walker A, Zergaw A, Gobena FA, Haile MA, Hailu A, Memirie ST, Tolosa DM, Abate SM, Molla Adane M, Akalu GT, Aklilu A, Tsegaye D, Gebru Z, Asemahagn MA, Atlaw D, Awoke T, Abebe H, Bekele NC, Belete MA, Hailemariam T, Yirga A, Birara SA, Bodicha BBA, Churko C, Demeke FM, Desta AA, Ena L, Eyayu T, Fentaw Z, Gargamo DB, Gebrehiwot MD, Gebremichael MA, Getachew M, Molla G, Sahiledengle B, Beyene B, Sibhat M, Sidamo NB, Solomon D, Solomon Y, Wagaye B, Wedajo S, Weldemariam M, Yismaw YE, and Naghavi M

Subjects
Child, Humans, Aged, Child, Preschool, Ethiopia epidemiology, Risk Factors, Cost of Illness, Air Pollution, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology
Abstract

Objective: This analysis is to present the burden and trends of morbidity and mortality due to lower respiratory infections (LRIs), their contributing risk factors, and the disparity across administrative regions and cities from 1990 to 2019., Design: This analysis used Global Burden of Disease 2019 framework to estimate morbidity and mortality outcomes of LRI and its contributing risk factors. The Global Burden of Disease study uses all available data sources and Cause of Death Ensemble model to estimate deaths from LRI and a meta-regression disease modelling technique to estimate LRI non-fatal outcomes with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI)., Study Setting: The study includes nine region states and two chartered cities of Ethiopia., Outcome Measures: We calculated incidence, death and years of life lost (YLLs) due to LRIs and contributing risk factors using all accessible data sources. We calculated 95% UIs for the point estimates., Results: In 2019, LRIs incidence, death and YLLs among all age groups were 8313.7 (95% UI 7757.6-8918), 59.4 (95% UI 49.8-71.4) and 2404.5 (95% UI 2059.4-2833.3) per 100 000 people, respectively. From 1990, the corresponding decline rates were 39%, 61% and 76%, respectively. Children under the age of 5 years account for 20% of episodes, 42% of mortalities and 70% of the YLL of the total burden of LRIs in 2019. The mortality rate was significantly higher in predominantly pastoralist regions-Benishangul-Gumuz 101.8 (95% UI 84.0-121.7) and Afar 103.7 (95% UI 86.6-122.6). The Somali region showed the least decline in mortality rates. More than three-fourths of under-5 child deaths due to LRIs were attributed to malnutrition. Household air pollution from solid fuel attributed to nearly half of the risk factors for all age mortalities due to LRIs in the country., Conclusion: In Ethiopia, LRIs have reduced significantly across the regions over the years (except in elders), however, are still the third-leading cause of mortality, disproportionately affecting children younger than 5 years old and predominantly pastoralist regions. Interventions need to consider leading risk factors, targeted age groups and pastoralist and cross-border communities., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Published
2023
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5. Predictors of time to recovery of preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome admitted in University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital neonatal intensive care unit North West Ethiopia.

Author

Yismaw AE, Gelagay AA, Sisay MM, and Yismaw YE

Subjects
Ethiopia epidemiology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitals, Special, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Pregnancy, Retrospective Studies, Surface-Active Agents, Hypothermia, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn therapy
Abstract

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused by a deficiency of a molecule called surfactant. It occurs in newborns born before 37 weeks of gestation. It is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in the early neonatal period. Therefore, this study aims to assess median time to recovery and predictors of preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome admitted in University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital Northwest Ethiopia 2020., Methods: Institution based retrospective follow up study was conducted on 386 preterm neonates with hyaline membrane disease who were admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit from January, 2016 to December 2018. The data were entered in to EPI info version 7.0 and transferred to Stata version 14.0 for analysis. Both bi-variable and multi variable Weibull parametric model were fitted to identify predictors with 95% confidence interval of hazard ratio (HR) and p-value. P-value less than 0.05 in the multivariable model showed the presence of significant association between covariates and the dependent variable., Results: The overall median length of recovery were 11 day with an interquartile range of (7, 16) neonate-days. Being a product of multiple pregnancy (AHR 1.67; 95%CI (1.25, 2.23)), vaginal mode of delivery (AHR 1.6; 95%CI (1.13, 2.26)), and neonatal hypothermia at admission (AHR 1.6; 95%CI (1.13, 2.26)) were found to be significant predictors of time to recovery., Conclusion: In this study the median time to recovery of preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome was slower than the clinical recommendations. Receiving bag and mask ventilation and hypothermia decreased the recovery whereas, vaginal delivery gestational age at birth, being multiple pregnancy, birth weight ≥2000grams were enhance the recovery of preterm neonates with RDS., Competing Interests: The authors declared no potential competing interest with respect to the research, authorship and publication of this article.

Published
2022
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