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Dendritic cell (DC) function is negatively affected by tumors and tumor-derived factors, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here, we show that intracellular SOCS3 in DCs binds to pyruvate kinase type M2 (M2-PK), which plays a critical role in ATP production through glycolysis. The interaction of SOCS3 with M2-PK reduced ATP production and impaired DC-based immunotherapy against tumors. Thus, SOCS3, which has been shown to be upregulated by tumor-derived factors, interacts with M2-PK to decrease ATP production, causing DC dysfunction. These dysfunctional DCs have a reduced ability to present antigens. Alteration of DC metabolism mediated by SOCS3 represents a novel mechanism for DC dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res; 70(1); 89–98

Supplementary Figures 1-7 from Antigen Presentation by Dendritic Cells in Tumors Is Disrupted by Altered Metabolism that Involves Pyruvate Kinase M2 and Its Interaction with SOCS3

Technologies such as Internet of Things allow small devices to offer web-based services in an open and dynamic networking environments on a massive scale. End users or service consumers face a hard decision over which service to choose among the available ones, as security holds a key in the decision making process. In this paper a base linguistic evaluation set is designed, based on which all the other fuzzy term sets that used for describing security attributes are uniformed and integrated for calculating an overall security value of the services. This work, to the best of our knowledge, is the first practical solution to offer direct comparisons and rankings of network services based on multiple security attributes such as confidentiality, availability, privacy and accountability. We analysed four major cloud service platforms to illustrate the proposed approach.

Dendritic cell (DC) function is negatively affected by tumors and tumor-derived factors, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here, we show that intracellular SOCS3 in DCs binds to pyruvate kinase type M2 (M2-PK), which plays a critical role in ATP production through glycolysis. The interaction of SOCS3 with M2-PK reduced ATP production and impaired DC-based immunotherapy against tumors. Thus, SOCS3, which has been shown to be upregulated by tumor-derived factors, interacts with M2-PK to decrease ATP production, causing DC dysfunction. These dysfunctional DCs have a reduced ability to present antigens. Alteration of DC metabolism mediated by SOCS3 represents a novel mechanism for DC dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res; 70(1); 89–98

Cross-references, such like footnotes, endnotes, figure/table captions, references, are a common and useful type of page elements to further explain their corresponding entities in the target document. In this paper, we focus on cross-reference identification in a PDF document, and present a robust method as a case study of identifying footnotes and figure references. The proposed method first extracts footnotes and figure captions, and then matches them with their corresponding references within a document. A number of novel features within a PDF document, i.e., page layout, font information, lexical and linguistic features of cross-references, are utilized for the task. Clustering is adopted to handle the features that are stable in one document but varied in different kinds of documents so that the process of identification is adaptive with document types. In addition, this method leverages results from the matching process to provide feedback to the identification process and further improve the algorithm accuracy. The primary experiments in real document sets show that the proposed method is promising to identify cross-reference in a PDF document.

At present, most of the tax control systems are stand-alone system. In order to solve the problem of difficulties state of State Revenue Service's supervise on large and medium-sized supermarkets and large enterprises, this paper puts forward a model of multi-machine sales tax system Multi-machine Sales Tax Control System, with an emphasis focuses on investigation of the Tax System safety, and put forward a series of security plan, and brings certain solutions for a number of various situations.

The paper presents a distributed service invocation approach for cross-organizational data-intensive web services. Our approach applies one service proxy in each organizational domain, which is responsible for service scheduling and invocation. Service Invocation across different domain is realized by the coordination of service proxies. Three performance improvement methods, which use compression, cache with consistency and two-level cache technologies, are discussed with focus. The most suitable one of them will be chosen according to different service types and invocation metadata. The structure design and implementation of service proxy is also presented succinctly. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that our approach combined with these three methods gives significant performance improvements for service invocation.

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) shows increased expression in a wide variety of human cancers, and its over-expression is associated with enhanced migration, invasion, and in vivo metastasis. Here, we reported that CEACAM6 was up-regulated in gastric cancer (GC) cell lines and tumor tissues. Over-expression of CEACAM6 in MKN-45 and SGC-7901 GC cells promoted migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in athymic mice, whereas migration and invasion of MKN-28 and SNU-16 GC cells were suppressed by knockdown of CEACAM6. We also observed that steroid receptor coactivator (C-SRC) phosphorylation was increased when CEACAM6 was over-expressed in SGC-7901 cells. Taken together, these results suggested that CEACAM6 functions as an oncoprotein in GC and may be an important metastatic biomarker and therapeutic target.

This paper presents an action-based fine-grained access control mechanism for structured documents. Firstly, we define a describing model for structured documents and analyze the application scenarios. The describing model could support the permission management on chapters, pages, sections, words, and pictures of structured documents. Secondly, based on the action-based access control (ABAC) model, we propose a fine-grained control protocol for structured documents by introducing temporal state and environmental state. The protocol covering different stages from document creation, to permission specification and usage control are given by using the Z-notation. Finally, we give the implementation of our mechanism and make the comparisons between the existing methods and our mechanism. The result shows that our mechanism could provide the better solution of fine-grained access control for structured documents in complicated networks. Moreover, it is more flexible and practical.

License often plays the role of an agreement between the user and the copyright owner. Rights expression language should provide a description of interactive mechanism and license negotiation to avoid the ambiguous transformation between REL and authorization protocols. By extending the ODRL to establish a digital rights expression model of appending, updating and aggregating license, the interactive license management mechanism can be described. In this paper, the supposed scheme can support fine-grained authorization, progressive or updating authorization and combination authorization to achieve dynamic rights management of digital content.

Hierarchical cryptographic key management of access control can be modeled as a partially ordered set in which a high security class can derive its descendant encryption keys, but not vice versa. In this paper, we propose a practical key management scheme for our segment-based document which is a novel XML-based document format for web publishing, called CEBX. The proposed scheme is not only efficient on key generation and key derivation, but also secure against collusion attack, reverse attack and key modification attack. Excellent dynamics are also supported in our scheme and updates of nodes or edges are locally affected in the hierarchy. Nodes of the hierarchy can define passwords to protect the segments of CEBX document, supporting more flexible business strategies in a digital rights management system.

Although many XML-based document formats are available for printing or publishing on the Internet, none of them is well designed to support both high quality printing and web publishing. Therefore, we propose a novel XML-based document format for web publishing, called CEBX, in this paper. The proposed format is a fixed-layout document supporting high quality printing, which has optimized document content organization, physical structure and protection scheme to support web publishing. There are four noteworthy features of CEBX documents: (1) CEBX provides original fixed layout by graphic units for printing quality. (2) The content in CEBX document can be reflowed to fit the display device basing on the content blocks and additional fluid information. (3) XML Document Archiving model (XDA), the packaging model used in CEBX, supports document linearization and incremental edit well. (4) By introducing a segment-based content protection scheme into CEBX, some part of a document can be previewed directly while the remaining part is protected effectively such that readers only need to purchase partial content of a book that they are interested in. This will be very helpful to document distribution and support flexible business models such as try-beforebuy, on-demand reading, superdistribution, etc.

An elevated number of Gr-1(+)CD11b(+) myeloid-derived suppression cells (MDSCs) has been described in mice and human bearing tumor and associated with immune suppression. Arginase I production by MDSCs in the tumor environment may be a central mechanism for immunosuppression and tumor evasion. In this study and before, we found that Gr-1(+)CD11b(+) MDSCs from ascites and spleen of mice bearing ovarian 18D carcinoma express a high level of PD-1, CTLA-4, B7-H1 and CD80 while other co-stimulatory molecules, namely CD40, B7-DC and CD86 are not detected. Further studies showed that PD-1 and CTLA-4 on the Gr-1(+)CD11b(+) MDSCs regulated the activity and expression of arginase I. The blockage and silencing of PD-1, CTLA-4 or both PD-1 and CTLA4 molecules could significantly reduce arginase I activity and expression induced with tumor-associated factor. Similar results were also observed while their ligands B7-H1 and/or CD80 were blocked or silenced. Furthermore, CD80 deficiency also decreased the arginase I expression and activity. Antibody blockade or silencing of PD-1, CTLA-4 or both reduced the suppressive potential of PD-1+CTLA-4+MDSCs. Blockade of PD-1, CTLA-4 or both also slowed tumor growth and improved the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice. Thus, there may exist a coinhibitory and costimulatory molecules-based immuno-regulating net among MDSCs.

In most current digital rights management solutions, digital license is bound to the content rendering device using its hardware configuration. However, this strategy introduces an adaptive problem: protected contents can't be used any longer once the user changes the hardware configuration. This paper focuses on the problem and presents a feasible adaptive approach. With our approach, digital content buyers can still smoothly render the bought digital content without any extra operation when partial hardware replacement arises. Our approach balances the needs of customers' hardware alteration and providers' copyright protection on a reasonable level and increases the flexibility of DRM system.