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Reflexive interpretation is a pivotal aspect of discourse comprehension, which usually reveals consistent challenges for Chinese EFL learners. These learners often breach the locality constraint of reflexive pronouns, exhibiting a persistent tendency towards optional reflexive comprehension. Recent research has demonstrated the effectiveness of the priming technique in altering biases among L2 learners in anaphora resolution. However, no existing studies have investigated comprehension priming in the context of reflexive interpretation among Chinese EFL learners. This study addresses this gap by conducting a sentence comprehension experiment with 36 high school students to explore the potential of comprehension priming in modifying L2 learners’ reflexive interpretation biases and examining the persistence of the priming effect. The findings reveal immediate and cumulative priming effects, with no discernible effect observed after 1 week. The results suggest that comprehension priming can occur universally, even without lexical overlap, previously assumed to be a prerequisite. While the priming effect lacks statistical significance after 1 week, there is a numerical increase in participants consistently interpreting the target structure correctly. Thus, comprehension priming emerges as an effective method for L2 learners to internalize more abstract linguistic rules. Further research on comprehension priming across diverse L2 populations and language structures is warranted.

Abstract Background Hemodialysis (HD) is the most important renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Systemic inflammation is a risk factor of mortality in HD patients. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are new inflammatory markers. However, previous studies have inconsistent conclusions about the predictive value of NLR, MLR and PLR on mortality of HD patients. The aim of this study was to establish an inflammation scoring system by including NLR, MLR and PLR, and evaluate the association between the inflammation score and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in HD patients. Methods In this single center retrospective cohort study, 213 incident HD patients from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020 were included. Baseline demographic and clinical data and laboratory measurements were collected. According to the optimal cut-off values, NLR, MLR and PLR were assigned 0 or 1 point, respectively. Then, the inflammation score was obtained by adding the NLR, MLR and PLR scores. All patients were followed until July 31, 2021. The associations of the inflammation score with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were assessed by multivariable-adjusted Cox models. Results Of 213 patients, the mean (± SD) age was 56.8 ± 14.4 years, 66.2% were men, and 32.9% with diabetes. The primary cause of ESKD was mainly chronic glomerulonephritis (46.5%) and diabetic nephropathy (28.6%). The median inflammation score was 2 (interquartile range = 1–3). During a median 30 months (interquartile range = 17–50 months) follow-up period, 53 patients had died, of which 33 deaths were caused by cardiovascular disease. After adjusting for demographics, primary diseases and other confounders in multivariable model, the inflammation score = 3 was associated with a hazard ratio for all-cause mortality of 4.562 (95% confidence interval, 1.342–15.504, P = 0.015) and a hazard ratio for cardiovascular mortality of 4.027 (95% confidence interval, 0.882–18.384, P = 0.072). Conclusion In conclusion, an inflammation scoring system was established by including NLR, MLR and PLR, and the higher inflammation score was independently associated with all-cause mortality in HD patients.

PurposeThis study evaluates the association between habitual physical activity (HPA) and the outcomes of patients with myocardial infarction (MI).MethodsPatients newly diagnosed with MI were divided into two groups based on whether they engaged in HPA, defined as an aerobic activity with a duration of no less than 150 min/week, before the index admission. The primary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), cardiovascular (CV) mortality, and cardiac readmission rate 1 year following the index date of admission. A binary logistic regression model was applied to analyze whether HPA was independently associated with 1-year MACEs, 1-year CV mortality, and 1-year cardiac readmission rate.ResultsAmong the 1,266 patients (mean age 63.4 years, 72% male), 571 (45%) engaged in HPA, and 695 (55%) did not engage in HPA before MI. Patients who participated in HPA were independently associated with a lower Killip class upon admission (OR = 0.48: 95% CI, 0.32–0.71, p