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In recentyears,more and more serious congestion and environmental problems. Beginning in 2008, Beijing, China for the first time use of motor vehicles. The limit line policy, then the measures of different degree of restrictions taken in different places.Because chongqing landform is unique, therefore its policy restrictions have high research value. This article is based on the terrain characteristics of chongqing and the present situation of traffic, using a single differential method to evaluate the implementation of the policy have a short-term impact on the quality of the weather, the implementation of the data show that different from other cities, limit line policy of chongqing urban air quality has a certain role in promoting, but the effect is not obvious. At the same time, the policy did not cause the second increase in private car purchase behavior.

Chu-Yun Cheng,1 Guan-Yin Zeng,1 Tong Wang,1 Yan-Hua Su,1 Feng-Dan Xu,2 Hong Luo,1 Hui-Ting Zhong,1 Xiu-Lan Chen1 1Department of Obstetrics, Dongguan Eighth People’s Hospital (Dongguan Children’s Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523325, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neonatal Clinic, Dongguan Eighth People’s Hospital (Dongguan Children’s Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523325, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Chu-Yun Cheng, Department of Obstetrics, Dongguan Eighth People’s Hospital (Dongguan children’s Hospital), No. 68, West Lake 3rd Road, Shilong Town, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523325, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13688988412, Email chChu-Yun@126.comObjective: This study aimed to investigate the ability of serum cholic acid (CA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) in the diagnosis and perinatal prognosis assessment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), and the relationship between both indicators and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α).Methods: Between March 2020 and March 2021, pregnant women with high levels of total bile acid (TBA) in the late pregnancy with TBA ≥ 10 μmol/L and TBA < 10 μmol/L (control group) were included for the retrospective study. Those with TBA ≥ 10 μmol/L were divided into the ICP group and the asymptomatic hypercholanaemia of pregnancy (AHP) group based on ICP symptoms. The comparison of the bile acid profiles, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted successively.Results: Nine types of bile acids were significantly higher in ICP and AHP than in the control group, while CA and LCA serum levels in the AHP group were significantly lower than those in the ICP group (P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that LCA, CA, and LCA+CA were all diagnostic indicators for ICP, and LCA+CA displayed the greatest diagnostic value (area under the curve (AUC), 0.923). Subgroup analysis using the LCA+CA cut-off point (3.28 μmol/L) as the subgroup indicator proved that the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes and the placental HIF-1α positivity were significantly higher in the high LCA+CA group than in the low LCA+CA group (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations of HIF-1α expression levels to LCA, CA and LCA+CA (r = 0.473, 0.537, 0.619, respectively. P < 0.05 in all).Conclusion: This study confirmed that CA and LCA have a predictive diagnostic value for ICP in pregnant women, and the combined evaluation is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, and LCA+CA positively correlates to placental HIF-1α expression levels.Keywords: cholic acid, lithocholic acid, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, hypoxia-inducible factor-1&#x03B1

Application of basalt fibre reinforced polymer (BFRP) bar reinforced seawater sea-sand concrete structures in marine and coastal buildings could bring both environmental and economic benefits. As BFRP bar reinforced seawater sea-sand concrete members are likely to be exposed to temperature variations during their service life, the bond durability between BFRP bar and seawater sea-sand concrete should be well understood. This paper investigated the effects of thermal cycling, such as target temperature (i.e. amplitude of variation) and cycling times, bar diameter and concrete strength on the bonding behavior of BFRP bars in seawater sea-sand concrete by pullout test. It is found that target temperature and cycling times lead to a significant reduction of BFRP bar-to-seawater sea-sand concrete bonding, which is mainly attributed by the degradation of BFRP under thermal cycles. Through the method of scanning electron microscopy, microstructure of BFRP is examined and the bond mechanism considering the effect of temperature variations is clarified. Finally, theoretical model is proposed to predict the bond stress-slip relationship of BFRP bars in seawater sea-sand concrete. Accuracy of the predictions is validated by the experimental results.

To observe the efficacy and safety of Guihuang Formula (GHF) in treating patients with type III prostatitis and Chinese medicine syndrome of dampness-heat and blood stasis.Sixty-six patients diagnosed with type III prostatitis with dampness-heat and blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into the treatment group (GHF) and the control group (tamsulosin) using a random number table, with 33 cases each group. The treatment group received GHF twice a day, and the control group received tamsulosin 0.2 mg once daily before bedtime. Patients in both groups received treatment for 6 weeks and was followed up for 2 weeks. The outcomes included the National Institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) score, Chinese Medicine Symptoms Score (CMSS), expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) and adverse events (AEs).After treatment, the NIH-CPSI total score and domain scores of pain discomfort, urination and quality of life decreased significantly from the baseline in both groups (P0.05). The CMSS score decreased in both groups (P0.05). The WBC count decreased and lecithin body count increased in both groups (P0.05). GHF showed a more obvious advantage in reducing the pain discomfort and quality of life domain scores of NIH-CPSI, reducing the CMSS score, increasing the improvement rate of the WBC and lecithin body counts, compared with the control group (P0.05). There were no significant differences in decreasing urination domain score of NIH-CPSI between two groups (P0.05). In addition, no serious AEs were observed.GHF is effective in treating type III prostatitis patients with dampness-heat and blood stasis syndrome without serious AEs. (Registration No. ChiCTR1900026966).

Secondary cell wall (SCW) formation is regulated by a multilevel transcriptional regulatory network, in which MYB transcription factors (TFs) play key roles. In woody plants, hundreds of MYB TFs have been identified, most of which have unknown functions in wood SCW biosynthesis. Here, we characterized the function of a Populus MYB gene, PtoMYB10. PtoMYB10 was found to encode an R2R3-MYB TF and exhibit dominant expression in xylem tissues. PtoMYB10 was determined to be located in the nucleus with the ability to activate transcription. Overexpression of PtoMYB10 in Populus resulted in a drastic increase in SCW thickening in xylem fiber cells as well as ectopic deposition of lignin in cortex cells. The expression of genes associated with lignin biosynthesis was induced in PtoMYB10 overexpressing plants, whereas repressed gene expression was found with the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. Lignin and anthocyanin are both produced from metabolites of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Accordingly, the anthocyanin content of Populus overexpressing PtoMYB10 decreased by more than 68%. These results indicate that PtoMYB10 can positively regulate xylary fiber SCW thickening, accompanied by the reprogramming of phenylpropanoid metabolism, which redirects metabolic flux from anthocyanin biosynthesis to monolignol biosynthesis.

Floral ontogeny can assist in understanding formation of mature floral structure and provide taxonomic and evolutionary insights at the species and genus level. In this study, floral ontogeny of Magnolia liliiflora, M. maudiae and M. figo was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that tepal primordia of these species are initiated asynchronously in whorls, whereas stamen and carpel primordia are initiated spirally and centripetally. Variation in tepal number in M. maudiae was also observed at the early stage of differentiation. Our study demonstrates that floral ontogeny is remarkably homogenous in Magnoliaceae, and thus it cannot serve as a basis for classification at the genus or lower taxonomic levels. Nonetheless, the transition of floral development from typical spiral flowers to typical whorled flowers is of great significance for understanding evolution of angiosperm flowers.

The mechanical properties and permeability of gypsum caprock have a significant influence on the tightness and stability of salt cavern gas storage, a series of tests were carried out to investigate the mechanical properties, permeability and AE characteristics of gypsum under THM coupling in this work. The peak strength of gypsum increases with the increase of confining pressure and the decrease of temperature, the failure and dilatation failure criteria are obtained by utilizing Mogi failure criterion. The permeability decreases with the increase of temperature in the compaction and linear elastic deformation stage, and the final permeability decreases with the increase of temperature under the confining pressure of 5 MPa and 15 MPa, while increase with the increase of temperature under the confining pressure of 25 MPa and 35 MPa. And the permeability decreases with the increase of confining pressure in the whole test process because of the constrain of confining pressure on the formation of microcracks and pores. The best fitting formulas of the relationship between permeability and confining pressure is given by fitting at 25 °C and 110 °C, which can be expressed by two exponential functions. The AE characteristics also confirmed that the increase of confining pressure and temperature inhibited the formation of microcracks and pores, and the AE peaks have the same hysteresis effect as the stress peaks. It is noted that the peaks of AE ring count increase with the increase of temperature under the confining pressure of 35 MPa.

Here, through single-molecule real-time sequencing, we present a high-quality genome sequence of the Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi), a conifer species with great value for wood production and ecological afforestation. The assembled genome is 10.97 Gb in size, harboring 45,828 protein-coding genes. Of the genome, 66.8% consists of repeat sequences, of which long terminal repeat retrotransposons are dominant and make up 69.86%. We find that tandem duplications have been responsible for the expansion of genes involved in transcriptional regulation and stress responses, unveiling their crucial roles in adaptive evolution. Population transcriptome analysis reveals that lignin content in L. kaempferi is mainly determined by the process of monolignol polymerization. The expression values of six genes (LkCOMT7, LkCOMT8, LkLAC23, LkLAC102, LkPRX148, and LkPRX166) have significantly positive correlations with lignin content. These results indicated that the increased expression of these six genes might be responsible for the high lignin content of the larches' wood. Overall, this study provides new genome resources for investigating the evolution and biological function of conifer trees, and also offers new insights into wood properties of larches.

Enzymes are essential components of all biological systems. The key characteristics of proteins functioning as enzymes are their substrate specificities and catalytic efficiencies. In plants, most genes encoding enzymes are members of large gene families. Within such families, the contributions of active site motifs to the functional divergence of duplicate genes have not been well elucidated. In this study, we identified 41 glutaredoxin (GRX) genes in the Populus trichocarpa genome. GRXs are ubiquitous enzymes in plants that play important roles in developmental and stress tolerance processes. In poplar, GRX genes were divided into four classes based on clear differences in gene structure and expression pattern, subcellular localization, enzymatic activity, and substrate specificity of the encoded proteins. Using site-directed mutagenesis, this study revealed that the divergence of the active site motif among different classes of GRX proteins resulted in substrate switches and thus provided new insights into the molecular evolution of these important plant enzymes.

Backgrounds Populus and Salix belong to Salicaceae and are used as models to investigate woody plant physiology. The variation of karyotype and nuclear DNA content can partly reflect the evolutionary history of the whole genome, and can provide critical information for understanding, predicting, and potentially ameliorating the woody plant traits. Therefore, it is essential to study the chromosome number (CN) and genome size in detail to provide information for revealing the evolutionary process of Salicaceae. Results In this study, we report the somatic CNs of seventeen species from eight genera in Salicaceae. Of these, CNs for twelve species and for five genera are reported for the first time. Among the three subfamilies of Salicaceae, the available data indicate CN in Samydoideae is n = 21, 22, 42. The only two genera, Dianyuea and Scyphostegia, in Scyphostegioideae respectively have n = 9 and 18. In Salicoideae, Populus, Salix and five genera closely related to them (Bennettiodendron, Idesia, Carrierea, Poliothyrsis, Itoa) are based on relatively high CNs from n = 19, 20, 21, 22 to n = 95 in Salix. However, the other genera of Salicoideae are mainly based on relatively low CNs of n = 9, 10, 11. The genome sizes of 35 taxa belonging to 14 genera of Salicaceae were estimated. Of these, the genome sizes of 12 genera and all taxa except Populus euphratica are first reported. Except for Dianyuea, Idesia and Bennettiodendron, all examined species have relatively small genome sizes of less than 1 pg, although polyploidization exists. Conclusions The variation of CN and genome size across Salicaceae indicates frequent ploidy changes and a widespread sharing of the salicoid whole genome duplication (WGD) by the relatives of Populus and Salix. The shrinkage of genome size after WGD indicates massive loss of genomic components. The phylogenetic asymmetry in clade of Populus, Salix, and their close relatives suggests that there is a lag-time for the subsequent radiations after the salicoid WGD event. Our results provide useful data for studying the evolutionary events of Salicaceae.

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional proteins and play a role in detoxification of xenobiotics as well as prevention of oxidative damage. This study exogenously overexpressed PtGSTF4 from Populus trichocarpa and its two orthologs from Populus yatungensis and Populus euphratica in Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. To elucidate the function of three GSTF4 proteins in stress response, we compared germination and seedling growth in transgenic Arabidopsis with salt and drought treatments. All three Populus GSTF4 genes overexpressed Arabidopsis showed enhanced resistance to salt stress and drought. GSTF4 transgenic plants accumulated less hydrogen peroxide and more chlorophylls and decreased levels of lipid peroxidation under salt stress and drought comparing to the mock control plants. The difference observed by GSH and GSSG measurements indicated GSTF4 proteins may involve in glutathione-dependent peroxide scavenging which lead to reduced oxidative damage. The Arabidopsis transformed with the GSTF4 gene form P. euphratica showed higher germination rate and different performance of affecting GSSG contents comparing with the other two orthologous GST genes under NaCl treatment. These results suggested three Populus GSTF4 orthologs may have functional divergence in stress responding. This study provides insights into molecular mechanisms that underlie salt and drought stress tolerance of Phi GSTs and gives evidence for the functional divergence among orthologs in vivo.

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an inherited, lethal ventricular arrhythmia triggered by catecholamines. Mutations in genes that encode cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) and proteins that regulate RyR2 activity cause enhanced diastolic Ca

Chronic prostatitis (CP) is a complex, intractable and prevalent urological disorder in men with no effective treatment. Guihuang formula (GHF) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound that is advantageous as a CP treatment, but its aetiology is poorly understood. Research and exploration of the mechanism of GHF will help the development of a potentially valuable drug for CP and provide deeper insight into CP.To examine and further clarify the multi-target therapeutic mechanism of GHF on CP.The chemical components in GHF were identified using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. The active components and potential targets of GHF for the treatment of CP were screened and analyzed using network pharmacology and molecular docking. We constructed a CP rat model to investigate the therapeutic effect of GHF on CP and verify the influence of key targets and core pathways based on the results of network pharmacology.A total of 143 ingredients were identified in GHF using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS, and 111 potential targets for GHF of CP were predicted. The "drug-ingredient-target-pathway" network was constructed and in compliance with the "Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi" principle. GHF significantly reduced the prostate index, alleviated histological damage in the prostate, decreased CD3A network pharmacology and experimental validation-based strategy was used to elucidate the underlying "multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway" mode of action of GHF against CP. We verified that GHF inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory response, suppressed apoptosis in macrophages, inhibited the activation of the inflammation-related PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway in CP rat. These findings extend the conventional views of "one drug hits one target", and offer novel insights and indication paradigm for the future discovery on the multi-target therapeutic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine compound.

Understanding the effects of the demographic dynamics and environmental heterogeneity on the genomic variation of forest species is important, not only for uncovering the evolutionary history of the species, but also for predicting their ability to adapt to climate change. In this study, we combined a common garden experiment with range‐wide population genomics analyses to infer the demographic history and characterize patterns of local adaptation in a subtropical oak species, Quercus acutissima (Carruthers). We scanned approximately 8% of the oak genome using a balanced representation of both genic and non‐genic regions and identified a total of 55 361 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 167 trees. Genomic diversity analyses revealed an east–west split in the species distribution range. Coalescent‐based model simulations inferred a late Pleistocene divergence in Q. acutissima between the east and west groups as well as subsequent preglaciation population expansion events. Consistent with observed genetic differentiation, morphological traits also showed east–west differentiation and the biomass allocation in seedlings was significantly associated with precipitation. Environment was found to have a significant and stronger impact on the non‐neutral than the neutral SNPs, and also significantly associated with the phenotypic differentiation, suggesting that, apart from the geography, environment had played a role in determining non‐neutral and phenotypic variation. Our approach, which combined a common garden experiment with landscape genomics data, validated the hypothesis of local adaptation of this long‐lived oak tree of subtropical China. Our study joins the small number of studies that have combined genotypic and phenotypic data to detect patterns of local adaptation.

To explore the possible mechanism of Huanshao Capsules (HSC) protecting the reproductive function in rats with ornidazole-induced asthenozoospermia (AZS).Forty SD male rats were randomly divided into four groups of equal number, blank control, AZS model control, HSC and L-carnitine (LC) intervention. The AZS model was established in the latter three groups of rats by intragastrical administration of ornidazole at 400 mg/kg/d for 28 days, and meanwhile the animals in the HSC and LC groups were treated by gavage of HSC at 0.31 g/kg/d and LC at 100 mg/kg/d, respectively. Then, all the rats were killed for examination of the LC content, sperm concentration, sperm motility and expression of OCTN2 mRNA in the epididymis and observation of the histopathological changes in the testis tissue.Compared with the AZS model controls, the rats in the HSC and LC groups showed significantly increased LC content (2 880.3 vs 6 366.5 and 6 934.7 mg/L, P0.01), sperm concentration (［34.58 ± 10.25］ vs ［46.19 ± 14.23］ and ［42.25 ± 6.11］ ×10⁶/ml, P0.01), sperm motility (［42.59 ± 7.54］% vs ［61.34 ± 7.98］% and ［61.34 ± 7.98］%, P0.01) and expression of OCTN2 mRNA in the epididymis (26.07% vs 27.26% and 27.15%, P0.01). The animals of the HSC group exhibited a higher comparability than those of the LC group to the blank controls in the morphology, arrangement and activity of spermatogenic cells.HSC can protect the reproductive function and improve sperm concentration and motility in the model rats with ornidazole-induced AZS, which may be associated with its abilities of up-regulating the expression of OCTN2 mRNA and increasing the LC content in the epididymis.

Background: α,β-unsaturated aldehydes are widely used in as organic synthesis of fine chemicals such as flavor, fragrances and pharmaceuticals. The selective oxidation of α,β-unsaturated alcohols to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated aldehydes remains challenging to overcome poor selectivity, over-oxidation and low atom efficiency in chemical routes. Results: An E. coli strain co-expressing NADP+-specific alcohol dehydrogenase YsADH and oxygen-dependent NADPH oxidase TkNOX was constructed, which enabled the NADP+ regeneration and catalyzed the oxidation of 100 mM 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol to 3-methyl-2-butenal with the yield of 21.3%. The oxygen supply was strengthened by introducing the hemoglobin VsHGB into recombinant E. coli cells and replacing the atmosphere of the reactor with pure oxygen, which increased the yield up to 51.3%. To further improve catalytic performance, the E. coli cells expressing the multifunctional fusion enzyme YsADH-(GSG)-TkNOX-(GSG)-VsHGB were achieved, which totally converted 250 mM 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol to 3-methyl-2-butenal after 8 h of whole-cell oxidation. The reaction conditions of the cascade biocatalysis were optimized, in which the supplement of 0.2 mM FAD and 0.4 mM NADP+ was essential for maintaining high catalytic activity. Finally, the established whole-cell system could serve as a platform for the synthesis of valuable α,β-unsaturated aldehydes from selective oxidation of various α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Conclusions: The construction of the strain expressing the fusion enzyme YsADH-(GSG)-TkNOX-(GSG)-VsHGB fulfilled efficient NADP+ regeneration and selective oxidation of various α,β-unsaturated alcohols to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. With the scope of redox enzymes, the fusion enzyme YsADH-(GSG)-TkNOX-(GSG)-VsHGB has become the latest successful example to improve catalytic performance in comparison with separated counterparts.

Objective: Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were applied to investigate the abnormalities in the topological characteristics of functional brain networks during non-rapid eye movement(NREM)sleep. And we investigated its relationship with cognitive abnormalities in patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) disorder in the current study.Methods: The Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-BJ) and EEG-fMRI were applied in 25 patients with NT1 and 25 age-matched healthy controls. All subjects participated in a nocturnal video polysomnography(PSG)study, and total sleep time (TST), percentage of TST (%TST) for each sleep stage and arousal index were calculated. The Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) was used to measure the degree of daytime sleepiness. The EEG-fMRI study was performed simultaneously using a 3T MRI system and a 32-channel MRI-compatible EEG system during sleep. Visual scoring of EEG data was used for sleep staging. Cognitive function was assessed for all subjects using the MoCA-BJ. The fMRI data were applied to establish a whole-brain functional connectivity network for all subjects, and the topological characteristics of the whole-brain functional network were analyzed using a graph-theoretic approach. The topological parameters were compared between groups. Lastly, the correlation between topological parameters and the assessment scale using Montreal Cognition was analyzed.Results: The MoCA-BJ scores were lower in patients with NT1 than in normal controls. Whole-brain global efficiency during stage N2 sleep in patients with NT1 displayed significantly lower small-world properties than in normal controls. Whole-brain functional network global efficiency in patients with NT1 was significantly correlated with MoCA-BJ scores.Conclusion: The global efficiency of the functional brain network during stage N2 sleep in patients with NT1 and the correspondingly reduced small-world attributes were associated with cognitive impairment.

Evidence has demonstrated that the microRNA (miR) may play a significant role in the development of congenital heart disease (CHD). Here, we explore the mechanism of microRNA-592 (miR-592) in heart development and CHD with the involvement of KCTD10 and Notch signaling pathway in a CHD mouse model. Cardiac tissues were extracted from CHD and normal mice. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to detect positive expression rate of KCTD10. A series of inhibitor, activators, and siRNAs was introduced to verified regulatory functions for miR-592 governing KCTD10 in CHD. Furthermore, the effect of miR-592 on cell proliferation and apoptosis was also investigated. Downregulated positive rate of KCTD10 was observed in CHD mice. Downregulation of miR-592 would upregulate expression of KCTD10 and inhibit the activation of Notch signaling pathway, thus promote cell proliferation. This study demonstrates that downregulation of miR-592 prevents CHD and hypoplastic heart by inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway via negatively binding to KCTD10.