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Objective To investigate the relationship between triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and the total load of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and its different imaging markers. Methods A total of 202 patients with CSVD admitted to The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2020 to May 2022 were selected. The clinical data of all patients were collected and TyG index was calculated. The lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and enlarged perivascular space (EPVS) were evaluated by MRI, and total load of CSVD score was calculated. Results 1) TyG index and total load of CSVD score: Logistic regression analysis showed the male (OR = 2.245, 95%CI: 1.017-4.957; P = 0.045), increase of age (OR = 1.084, 95%CI: 1.046-1.124; P = 0.000), hypertension (OR = 2.457, 95%CI: 1.189-5.078; P = 0.015) and increase of TyG index (OR = 2.657, 95%CI: 1.353-5.216; P = 0.005) were risk factors for moderate and severe total load of CSVD. 2) TyG index and imaging markers of CSVD: Logistic regression analysis showed the increase of TyG index was the risk factor of moderate and severe WMH (OR = 2.313, 95%CI: 1.095-4.885; P = 0.028), CMBs (OR = 1.690, 95%CI: 1.011-2.824; P = 0.045), lacunes (OR = 2.087, 95%CI: 1.235-3.525; P = 0.006), moderate and severe EPVS in basal ganglia (OR = 2.005, 95%CI: 1.190-3.378; P = 0.009). Conclusions TyG index is associated with the total load and various imaging markers of CSVD, which can be used as a valuable biomarker to evaluate CSVD and its severity.

[Objectives] To explore the effects of temperature on the development, predation and biological control potential of Aphidoletes aphidimyza larvae. [Methods] The development, predation and predatory functional response were investigated under different temperatures. [Results] Developmental duration and predation decreased with increasing temperature from 18 °C to 30 °C. At 22-30 °C, aphids were first eaten in the 3rd to 4th day of egg production, followed by a peak of predation over the following 1-2 days. There was a significant increase in predation by 3rd instar larvae with increased density at 22-30 °C. At 18-30 °C, the functional response of A. aphidimyza 3rd instar larvae to R. maidis approximated a Holling II model, daily maximum numbers of aphids preyed on by A. aphidimyza were 30.9, 33.0, 35.2 and 48.9, respectively. The highest instantaneous attack rate was 0.985 at 26 °C, the shortest handling time was 0.02 d at 30 °C, and control ability was strongest at 30 °C. [Conclusion] Higher temperatures speed the development and improve the predatory capacity of A. aphidimyza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the brain function of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) by combining the static and dynamic amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF)., Methods: Thirty patients with TMD and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. All the participants completed their questionnaires, received clinical examinations, and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. We compared the static and dynamic ALFF between the patients and healthy controls by conducting a two-sample t -test with AlphaSim correction for multiple comparisons. The correlation between the static and dynamic ALFF of the brain regions with significant group differences and clinical measurements was analyzed., Results: The patients with TMD showed increased static and dynamic ALFF in the posterior cingulate cortex compared with that of the controls (whole-brain level, uncorrected P =0.005; region of interest level with AlphaSim correction, voxel level P <0.005, cluster level P <0.05). The dynamic ALFF of the posterior cingulate cortex was negatively correlated with bilateral condylar vertical discrepancies. The dynamic ALFF in the medial orbitofrontal cortex of the patients with TMD was greater than that of the controls (whole-brain level AlphaSim correction, voxel level P <0.005, cluster level P <0.05)., Conclusions: Our findings revealed that the resting-state brain function of the posterior cingulate cortex and the medial orbitofrontal cortex of patient with TMD increased. These changes probably indicated the potential central mechanisms underlying the increased self-relevant thoughts, negative emotion, and abnormal emotion regulation in TMD.

This study is to develop a HPLC method for quality evaluation of Euodiae Fructus and related species by simultaneous determination limonin, indole alkaloids (14-fomyldihydroxyrutaecarpine, evodiamine, rutaecarpine), and quinolone alkaloids [1-methyl-2-undecyl-4 (1H)-quinolone, evocarpine, dihydroevocarpine] in the fruits of five Evodia species. Samples were analyzed on a YMC C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) eluted with mobile phases of acetonitrile (A), tetrahydrofuran (B), and a buffer solution of 5 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate (pH 3.8) (C) in a linear gradient mode. The column temperature was 30 degrees C and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The PDA detector wavelengths were set at 220 and 250 nm. The seven compounds were well separated and showed good linearity (r = 0.999 9) within the concentration ranges tested. The mean recoveries were between 96.7%-102.4% (RSD 1.4%-3.1%). Through the validation, the method was proved to be accurate and repeatable. All the seven constituents were detected in the fruits of five species, but the contents of them varied widely in different samples. The total contents of seven constituents in 16 batches of Euodiae Fructus were 9.46-69.9 mg x g(-1), and the mean content was 28.2 mg x g(-1). The total content of seven constituents in E. compacta and E. fargesii was 25.8, 7.69 mg x g(-1), respectively.