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Objective: A model of alveolar cleft phenotype was established in rabbits to evaluate the effect of active bone particles containing modified rhecombinant human BMP-2 on the repair of the alveolar cleft. Methods: 2-month-old Japanese white rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups: normal, control, material and BMP groups. Blood biochemical analysis, skull tomography (microfocus computerized tomography), and histological and immunohistochemical staining analysis of paraffin sections were performed 3 and 6 months after operation. Results: Both types of collagen particles showed good biocompatibility and promoted bone regeneration. The effect of active bone particles on bone repair and regeneration was better than that of bone collagen particles. Conclusions: Active bone particles containing modified rhecombinant human BMP-2 can be used for incisors regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for efficient and powerful photoanode materials remains one of the toughest challenges in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting because the oxygen evolution reaction on the photoanode is a rate-limiting process. On the other hand, the semiconductor/liquid interface is a key factor governing the water splitting efficiency due to its influence on charge separation and collection. Herein, we synthesized vertically aligned WO3 nanosheet array (NS) films on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), and followed by electroreduction for tuning the surface structure of WO3 NSs. A disordered layer is formed on the surface of WO3 NSs by controlling the external bias voltage and reduction time of electroreduction, and its thickness of the disordered layer varies with reduction time. The optimal WO3 NSs with a 1.2 nm disorder layer thickness exhibit a remarkable photocurrent density of 1.07 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under AM 1.5G illumination, which is 1.43 times of pristine WO3 NSs. The results indicate that the electroreduction voltage and reduction time exert great influence on the formation of the surface disordered layer, and the optimized reduction conditions can enhance charge transfer and charge separation efficiency, substantially improving the PEC performance of WO3 photoanode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]