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To investigate the relationships between the Apo and sarcopenia in elderly inpatients with T2DM. Methods: This study included 253 inpatients with T2DM (mean age of 70.11± 5.44 years, 32.8% male). The inpatients were divided into the sarcopenic group (n = 100) and non-sarcopenic group (n = 153). The associations among the Apo and sarcopenia were assessed using multivariate analyses. Results: Inpatients in the sarcopenia group showed lower ApoA1 levels than those in the non-sarcopenia group (1.25± 0.21 vs 1.36± 0.20 g/L, P < 0.05) and showed higher ApoB/ApoA1 and ApoB levels than those in the non-sarcopenia group (0.82± 0.27 vs 0.69± 0.19 g/L, P < 0.05;1.00± 0.32 vs 0.93± 0.24 g/L, P < 0.05, respectively). After adjusting for age and BMI, the logistic regression model indicated that ApoA1 was a protective factor for elderly inpatients with T2DM sarcopenia.(OR =0.079,95% CI: 0.021~0.306, P < 0.05);ApoB and AopB/AopA1 were risk factors for elderly inpatients with T2DM sarcopenia.(OR =3.578,95% CI:1.318~9.715, P < 0.05;OR =16.440,95% CI:4.437~60.427, P < 0.05, respectively). AopB/AopA1 provided an AUC value of 0.765 in elderly men.(95% CI: 0.665~0.866, P< 0.05). Conclusion: ApoA1, AopB, and AopB/AopA1 are associated with sarcopenia in elderly inpatients with T2DM, and AopB/AopA1 may be a potential predictor of sarcopenia in elderly men with T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the height-corrected definition of metabolic syndrome(MetS) in adolescents. A retrospective study was conducted on US adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. Waist-to-height ratio and blood pressure-to-height ratio were substituted for waist circumference and blood pressure when defining MetS in adolescents. The proportions of insulin resistance of adolescents with 1 (30.1%), 2 (50.7%), and ≥3 components (77.8%) of MetS were 2.578 (P <.001), 6.882 (P <.001), and 23.992 (P <.001) times than the proportion of adolescents without the component of MetS (14.2%). The proportions of low-grade inflammation of adolescents with 1 (3.4%), 2 (5.3%), and ≥3 components (14.4%) of MetS were 2.050 (P =.106), 3.699 (P =.005), and 10.664 (P <.001) times than the proportion of adolescents without the component of MetS (1.7%). This study demonstrates that height-corrected definition of MetS is a simple and accurate method for identifying insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the changes of insulin resistance and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in normotensive adolescents with a family history of hypertension (FH) and to analyse the related factors. The study included 142 normotensive adolescents aged 13–15 years. On the basis of an FH, the samples were divided into positive FH (FH+ group) and negative FH groups (FH− group). Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP). Blood samples were collected and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum lipids, true insulin (TI) and sICAM-1 were assayed. The FH+ group had significantly higher levels of FPG, TI, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and sICAM-1 than the FH− group (P<0.01). HOMA-IR showed positive correlation with body mass index (BMI; r=0.405), WC (r=0.416), systolic BP (SBP; r=0.165), FPG (r=0.427), triglyceride (r=0.195), TI (r=0.993) and negative correlation with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=−0.196) (P<0.05). sICAM-1 showed a positive correlation with triglyceride (r=0.239, P<0.01). In multiple linear regression analysis, WC (β=0.024, P=0.000) and FH (β=0.467, P=0.000) were significant independent predictors for HOMA-IR, and triglyceride (β=0.328, P=0.007) and FH (β=0.395, P=0.016) were significant independent predictors for sICAM-1. These results indicate that insulin resistance and endothelial activation were found in normotensive adolescents with an FH. We should make great efforts to alleviate the insulin resistance and endothelial activation by diet and exercise, and it would reduce the incidence of hypertension in adolescents with an FH.Journal of Human Hypertension (2009) 23, 402–406; doi:10.1038/jhh.2008.146; published online 11 December 2008 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the changes of insulin resistance and fasting plasma ghrelin levels in adolescents with obesity and family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (FHD) and analyze its related factors., Methods: The study included 159 adolescents aged 13-15 years. Anthropometric- measurements, including height, weight and waist. Blood samples were collected and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum lipids, true insulin (TI) and fasting plasma ghrelin were assayed. They were divided into four groups according to body mass index (BMI) and FHD: 40 non-obese adolescents without FHD in group A; 40 overweight and obese adolescents without FHD in group B; 40 non-obese adolescents with FHD in group C; 39 overweight and obese adolescents with FHD in group D., Results: Group B, C and D had significantly higher levels of HOMA-IR and HOMA-beta index than group A, especially Group D (p<0.01). Group C and D had significantly higher levels of FPG and lower levels of ghrelin than group A (p<0.01). HOMA-IR showed positive correlation with BMI (r=0.445), waist (r=0.435), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)(r=0.471) (p<0.01). Ghrelin showed negative correlation with FPG (r=-0.339), TI (r=-0.237) and HOMA-IR (r=-0.269) (p<0.01). In multiple linear regression analysis, WHtR (beta=4.925, p=0.000) and FHD (beta=0.492, p=0.000) were significant independent predictors for HOMA-IR. FHD (beta=-289.856, p=0.000) and FPG (beta=-228.203, p=0.001) were significant independent predictors for ghrelin., Conclusion: This study showed that the subjects with FHD and obesity who are predisposed to diabetes have insulin resistance in adolescent stage. The lower ghrelin levels in subjects with FHD may be the result of elevated FPG., (Copyright J. A. Barth Verlag in Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart . New York.)

Objective: To explore the best waist circumference (WC) cut-point for identifying cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents., Methods: Human basic parameters were measured among 3986 adolescents aged 14 - 18 in Qinhuangdao. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was employed to determine the optimal WC cut-point for detecting cardiovascular risk factors., Results: The prevalence of the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors significantly increased after the WC was >or= 80th percentiles (77.0 - 79.0 cm for the boys and 70.0 - 72.5 cm for the girls). The age standardization detection rate was 24.9% in boys and 9.9% in girls. ROC analysis showed that the optimal WC cut-point was 80th percentiles, with the sensitivity of 84.3% and specificity of 85.9% in boys, and with sensitivity of 90.7% and specificity of 83.2% in girls., Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between WC and cardiovascular risk factors. The optimal WC cut-point for predicting the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors is the 80th percentile.