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Background: Following the first COVID-19 cases in Turkey, face-to-face education was ceased after March 16, 2020 until the end of the educational year (i.e. June 19, 2020) and education was substituted remotely due to confinement., Objective: This study aims to investigate the frequency of musculoskeletal complaints in school-age children and associated risk factors including reduced physical activity, increased screen time and poor ergonomics conditions in school-age children during the pandemic., Methods: This cross-sectional study included parents or guardians of 960 students aged between 6-13 years old with a non-randomized sampling. A survey was administered consisting of 65 items related with sociodemographic characteristics of the children and family, online education hours, technological device(s) used, screen time, type of physical activity, presence of musculoskeletal problems and poor ergonomics conditions such as incorrect sitting posture., Results: Logistic regression results demonstrated that age, excess weight gain, total daily screen time, smartphone use, incorrect sitting posture were associated with musculoskeletal complaints., Conclusion: The long-term closure of schools due to the pandemic may have led to an increase in musculoskeletal complaints in 6-13 years old children, based on the factors identified in this study, which were excess weight gain, increased screen time and incorrect sitting posture. These findings might help education and health authorities to develop strategies to improve musculoskeletal health of children especially in emergencies such as the pandemic.

Purpose: The neurogenic bladder symptom score (NBSS) represents the effect of disease-specific symptoms on the quality of life in patients with neurogenic bladder (NB). The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the NBSS in spinal cord injury (SCI) and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients., Methods: The cross cultural adaptation was achieved through forward and back translation of the items of the original version by an expert committee. Face and content validity were evaluated in a prepatient group. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were used for reliability assessment in 102 patients. Validity was examined using Short Form-12 and King's Health Questionnaire., Results: Eighty-four patients with SCI and 18 with MS were included in the study. Cronbach's alpha values for the total score and the incontinence, storage/voiding, and consequences domains were 0.90, 0.91, 0.81, and 0.63, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients were >0.80 for all subdomains and the overall score. The correlation analyses indicated that the Turkish version has good construct validity., Conclusions: Our results showed that the Turkish version of the NBSS has good reliability and validity in patients with SCI and MS and can be used to evaluate NB symptoms., Clinical Trial Number: NCT03964077.Implications for rehabilitationThe Turkish version of the neurogenic bladder symptom score (NBSS) is a valid and reliable instrument to measure symptom specific quality of life (QOL) in both patients with spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis.The Turkish version of the NBSS can be used in the Turkish population to measure neurogenic bladder related QOL for clinical and research purposes.

The effects of caregiver burden during the inpatient rehabilitation period have not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the burden on stroke survivors' caregivers during the inpatient rehabilitation period, and to compare the associations of robot-assisted gait training and conventional therapy with caregiver burden. Our randomized, crossover, prospective study included 63 stroke survivors and their caregivers, who were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The patients in group I received robot-assisted gait training for 2 weeks, followed by conventional therapy for a further 2 weeks. The patients in group II received conventional therapy for 2 weeks followed by robot-assisted gait training for a further 2 weeks. The caregiver burden inventory, beck depression index, and beck hopelessness scale were administered to the caregivers at day 0, on the "switch day" (day 15), and day 30. Before inpatient rehabilitation, 18 (35%) of the caregivers had somewhat elevated scores on the caregiver burden inventory; however, at the end of rehabilitation, 42 (66.6%) of the caregivers were in a high-burden state. The caregiver burden inventory scores differed significantly between baseline and the end of rehabilitation in both groups. Caregiver depression scores also increased significantly in both groups (p < 0.0001), while hopelessness scores increased only in group II (p = 0.027). Caregiver burden increased during the inpatient stroke rehabilitation period. During inpatient rehabilitation, both robot-assisted gait training and conventional therapy increased caregiver burden.ClinicalTrials.gov Number NCT03535467, First Posted: 24 May 2018.

Objectives: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that fibromyalgia patients feel older than their actual age and to investigate the associations between their subjective age and clinical parameters such as cognition, depression, anxiety, widespread pain, sleep, and fatigue., Methods: This observational cross-sectional study enrolled 176 patients with newly diagnosed fibromyalgia and 89 controls. Subjective age was determined by asking the question "how old do you feel?", and the difference between the physiological and subjective ages was calculated. Depression, anxiety, fatigue, sleep cognition, and widespread pain levels in the subjects were evaluated, and multivariate stepwise regression analysis was used to determine the factors explaining the variation in the difference between actual and subjective age., Results: Of the fibromyalgia patients, 75% felt older than their actual age, whereas 45% of the controls felt younger. Regression analysis revealed that depression, widespread pain, and fatigue explained nearly half of the variation in the subjective age and the difference between actual and subjective age., Conclusions: Fibromyalgia patients feel older than their actual age, and this subjective age is associated with depression, widespread pain, and fatigue. Further studies should investigate usage of subjective age perception in differential diagnosis of fibromyalgia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the patient demographics, etiology of limb loss as well as reporting SF-36 scores for microprocessor prosthesis users in Turkish population., Methods: We reviewed 72 patients (61 male and 11 female; mean age: 37.7 ± 10.7) with uni-lateral, above knee amputation and a history of regular and microprocessor prosthesis use. All patients were called back for a last follow-up and they were asked to fill a self-administered general health status questionnaire (SF-36)., Results: According to the SF-36 results; physical component score (PCS) score was 46 ± 7.3 and mental components summary (MCS) score was 46.5 ± 9.1. These scores have statistical similarity with Turkish healthy controls, except SF (social functioning) sub-dimension. PCS score for women microprocessor users were significantly lower than men (43.3 vs. 48.7, p = 0.03), but MCS scores were similar in between genders (46 vs. 48.2, p = 0.13). Conventional prostheses usage time was positively correlated with physical function (PF) scores (r = 0.322, p = 0.010). Microprocessor prosthesis usage time was negatively correlated with role limitations due to emotional problem (RE) scores (r = -0,313, p = 0.009)., Conclusion: The quality of life surveys were showed that the loss of an extremity have higher physical and psychological impact on women's physical scores. Overall, SF-36 results were similar in microprocessor using amputee's and Turkish normal controls., Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study., (Copyright © 2017 Turkish Association of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)