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Purpose: The purpose of this study is the biomechanical investigation of the rotation, stress and deformation caused in the talus, under a specific load, by various fixation methods in ankle which has supination external rotation (SER) injury and deltoid rupture. Method: Ankle of a healthy individual was analyzed with the help of a package program which was based on finite elements method (FEM). Then, SER injury model was created. Lateral malleolar plate was fixed with a screw and created different repair models for ankle fit. In the analysis section, forces obtained from the literature were applied to the healthy and repaired models. As the result of the analyses, mechanical values which occured in the talus were obtained. Results: As a result of this study, mechanical changes in talus, which were caused by, (in order) deltoid ligament repair, suture button syndesmosis fixation, syndesmosis fixation with transfixation screw, suture button fixation + deltoid ligament repair and transfixation screw + deltoid ligament repair in the SER type 4 injury model with deltoid ligament rupture, were evaluated. Conlusion: This study showed that the application of syndesmosis screw together with deltoid ligament repair in the treatment of SER type 4 ankle injuries with rupture of deltoid ligament made regression, displacement and talus rotations on the talus almost normal. In addition, syndesmosis fixation screw applications give better results than syndesmosis fixation suture button applications.

PURPOSE: To investigated the effects of exposure to an 1800 MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) on bone development during the prenatal period in rats. METHODS: Pregnant rats in the experimental group were exposed to radiation for six, 12, and 24 hours daily for 20 days. No radiation was given to the pregnant rats in the control group. We distributed the newborn rats into four groups according to prenatal EMF exposure as follows: Group 1 was not exposed to EMF; groups 2, 3, and 4 were exposed to EMF for six, 12, and 24 hours a day, respectively. The rats were evaluated at the end of the 60th day following birth. RESULTS: Increasing the duration of EMF exposure during the prenatal period resulted in a significant reduction of resting cartilage levels and a significant increase in the number of apoptotic chondrocytes and myocytes. There was also a reduction in calcineurin activities in both bone and muscle tissues. We observed that the development of the femur, tibia, and ulna were negatively affected, especially with a daily EMF exposure of 24 hours. CONCLUSION: Bone and muscle tissue development was negatively affected due to prenatal exposure to 1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between the development of extremity fracture and visual impairment in adults. Material and Method: This study included 56 patients (patient group) aged 18 years or older who had extremity fractures due to a fall. The control group (n=42) was selected from visitors who had regular medical check-ups at our hospital. Each participant underwent a full ophthalmologic examination. Mean age was compared by Student’s t test. The other variables were compared by chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of subjects with visual impairment was significantly higher in the patients group (78.6%) than in the control group (38.1%) (p