Search

With the developing technology, acceleration of visual production and increasing of peoples' relation with generated visuals (painting, photograph, video, computer games, poster, etc.), is a situation which affect perceptual and behavioral characteristic of people. As a result of connection with generated visuals, changes at the perception and behavior of people remind social learning and visual culture terms which have relation with seeing and visuality fields. Relation between the social learning theory, which states that learning occurs through observation in social environment, and visual culture subject is a mystery. Due to this reason, the research aims to investigate relation between social learning and visual culture. Theoretical structures of the social learning and visual culture terms were pointed out in this research, and relation between these two terms were argued at theoretic level. In consequence of this research, it was seen that experiences, people obtain from connection with visual culture forms in their daily life, and social learning have connections. It was realized that visual culture forms supply vicarious livings to the observers prone to observe and imitate of behaviors that have model characteristic. It was seen that the livings, acquired observational learning from visual culture forms, is a shaping factor for individuals' attitudes and actions. In the study, it was seen that examining the visual culture as an environmental factor in the context of social learning will help to understand and illuminate the changing, transforming and deriving aspects of human behavior in the 21st century.

Pterygium is a frequent eye surface condition that is characterized by a high rate of proliferation, fibrovascular development, cellular migration, corneal infiltration, and angiogenesis. We investigated that ex vivo primary pterygium and conjunctival cell cultures were generated to analyze the effect of trehalose on cellular proliferation. After trehalose treatment, we performed microarray analysis to evaluate changes in the mRNA profile. We analyzed gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathways to identify hub genes that changed expression levels after treatment and were associated with pterygium development. We selected three genes to verify their expression levels using qRT–PCR. The study also evaluated the impact of trehalose treatment on cell migration through a wound‐healing assay. Our results suggested that pterygium cell proliferation was inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner by trehalose. 2354 DEG were identified in pterygium and conjunctiva cells treated with trehalose compared to untreated groups. Functional enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed mRNAs are involved in proliferation, vasculature development, and cell migration. We identified ten hub genes including upregulated (RANBP3L, SLC5A3, RERG, ANKRD1, DHCR7, RAB27B, GPRC5B, MSMO1, ASPN, DRAM1) and downregulated (TNC, PTGS2, GREM2, NPTX1, NR4A1, HMOX1, CXCL12, IL6, MYH2, TXNIP). Microarray analysis and functional investigations suggest that trehalose affects the pathogenesis of pterygium by modifying the expression of genes involved in crucial pathways related to cell function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Spor Hekimligi Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine is the property of Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine / Spor Hekimleri Dernegi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims: To evaluate the effect of the combination of irradiation and AZD0156 on apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and clonogenic survival in human breast cancer and fibroblast cells. Methods and Material: Estrogen receptor‑positive breast cancer cell line MCF‑7 and healthy lung fibroblast cell line WI‑38 were obtained. Following employing proliferation analysis, cytotoxicity analysis was done to calculate the IC50 values of AZD0156 in MCF‑7 and WI‑38 cell lines. Following the application of AZD0156 and irradiation, flow cytometry analysis was performed for evaluating cell cycle distribution and the extent of apoptosis. Plating efficiency and surviving fraction were calculated for the clonogenic assay. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0. (SPSS Inc. Chicago) and GraphPad Prism Version 6.0 for Windows (GraphPad Software, San Diego, California USA) softwares were used to analyze data. Results: AZD0156 and irradiation dose of 2–10 Gy had no effect on apoptosis on MCF‑7 cells. The combination treatment of AZD0156 and 2 Gy, 4 Gy, 6 Gy, 8 Gy, and 10 Gy irradiation induced G0 /G1 phase arrest by 1.79, 1.79, 1.50, 1.25, and 1.52‑fold compared to the control group, respectively on MCF‑7 cell lines. Combination treatment of AZD0156 and each different irradiation dose affected clonogenic survival owing to increased radiosensitivity(p: 0.02). AZD0156 and irradiation dose of 2 Gy, 4 Gy, 6 Gy, 8 Gy, and 10 Gy decreased the cell viability rate of WI‑38 cells by 1.05, 1.18, 1.22, 1.04, and 1.05‑fold compared to the control group, respectively. No efficacy was detected on cell cycle analysis, and clonogenic survival was not significantly decreased in WI‑38 cells. Conclusion: The combination use of irradiation and AZD0156 has improved efficacy of tumor cell‑specific cell cycle arrest and decreasing clonogenic survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]