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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in children is milder compared with adults. It is considered that household virus exposure may affect clinical severity. We aimed to determine the household contact history of patients and its influence on the clinical stage. Methods One hundred seventy‐three pediatric patients with COVID‐19 as diagnosed with positive real‐time polymerase chain reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 aged one month to 18 years were included. Demographic data, laboratory and clinical findings, and the history of household contact (with or without) of the patients were obtained. They were classified according to their clinical stage as mild or moderate‐severe. Results Sixty patients (34.7%) were asymptomatic, and 113 were symptomatic (65.3%). Of the 173 patients, 138 (79.8%) had at least one family member in the household who was diagnosed as having COVID‐19. Hemoglobin, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and ANC/absolute lymphocyte count ratio decreased significantly in patients with household contact. The presence of a household contact had not significant effect on the presence of symptoms, clinical course, age, and the sex of the patients. The need for hospitalization was less in the group that had household contact. Being 0‐12 months and female sex, and the patients without household contact were independent factors associated with higher hospitalization ratios in logistic regression analysis. Conclusions In this study, we found that household contact history did not significantly affect presenting symptoms and clinical course. We detected the rate of hospitalization to be less in the group with only household contact.

WOS: 000454987700003, PubMed ID: 30522421, MOTAKK, as a national external quality control program has been launched to evaluate the molecular detection of viral infections including HBV DNA and HCV RNA in molecular microbiology diagnostic laboratories in Turkey. This program is prepared in compliance with ISO 17043:2010 (Conformity assessment general requirements for proficiency testing) standards, and aims to take the place of external quality control programs from abroad, contributing to standardization and accuracy of molecular diagnostic tests in our country. The aim of this study was to evaluate 2015 and 2016 results of the MOTAKK External Quality Control Program for HBV DNA and HCV RNA viral load. The calls were announced on the web page of MOTAKK (www.motakk.org). The quality control samples were sent to participating laboratories in 2015 and 2016. Main stocks were prepared from patients with chronic hepatitis B and C who had viral load detection with reference methods according to WHO reference materials for viral load studies to improve quality control sera. From these main stocks, samples with different viral loads were prepared from dilutions of plasma with HBV, HCV, HAV, HIV, Parvovirus B19 and CMV negative serologic markers. Quality control samples were sent to the participating laboratories along with the negative samples in the cold chain. The laboratories accomplished the related tests within 2-3 weeks and entered their results on the MOTAKK web page. These results were analysed according to ISO 13528 (Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparison) and scoring reports were created by a software developed by MOTAKK and sent to participating labs. Each laboratory evaluated their own results in comparison with the other laboratory results, reassessed the tests via observing the distance from the mean result and the reference values. The number of laboratories participating in the HBV DNA and HCV RNA external quality control program was 70-73 in 2015-2016. Participants were able to comply with the program tools, registering, entering results and receiving the results reports problem. In HBV panel, 72.6-89.1% and 84.7-90.3% of the participant laboratories were in 1 standard deviation (SD) in 2015-2016, respectively. In HCV panel, 70.8-89.1% and 84.7-90.3% of the participant laboratories were in 1 SD in 2015-2016, respectively. A national external quality control program for HBV DNA and HCV RNA in Turkey has been prepared for the first time with this project and implemented successfully. All the data provided in the MOTAKK external quality control program final report, compensate all the data provided by the quality control program final reports from abroad; additionally, the report allows comparison of used technologies and commercial products.

WOS: 000408311400011, PubMed ID: 28929967, Colistin is a polymyxin antibiotic which is considered as one of the last line agents against infections due to multidrug resistant or carbapenem resistant gram-negative pathogens. Colistin resistance is associated with chromosomal alterations which can usually cause mutations in genes coding specific two component regulator systems. The first plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene, mcr-1 was described in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in December 2015 and followed by another plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-2 in 2016. The rapid and interspecies dissemination of plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms through horizontal gene transfer, have made these genes considerably threatening. After the first reports, although mcr-1/mcr-2 producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates have been reported from many countries, there have been no reports from Turkey. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of mcr-1/mcr-2 in clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates from different parts of our country. A total of 329 Enterobacteriaceae isolates from 22 laboratories were collected which were isolated between March, 2015 and February, 2016. mcr-1/mcr-2 were investigated by polymerase chain reaction during February-March, 2016. Two hundred and seventeen of Klebsiella pneumoniae (66%), 75 of Salmonella spp. (22.8%), 31 of Esherichia coli (9.4%), 3 of Enterobacter cloacae (0.9%), 2 of Klebsiella oxytoca (0.6%) and 1 of Enterobacter aerogenes (0.3%) isolates were included to the study. Agarose gel electrophoresis results of PCR studies have shown expected band sizes for positive control isolates as 309 bp for mcr-1 and 567 bp for mcr-2. However, the presence of mcr-1/mcr-2 genes was not detected among the tested study isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. Although mcr-1/mcr-2 were not detected in our study isolates, it is highly important to understand the mechanism of resistance dissemination and determine the resistant isolates by considering that colistin is a last-line antibiotic against infections of multidrug or carbapenem resistant gram-negative bacteria. Thus, it is suggested that these mechanisms should be followed-up in both clinical and non-clinical (e.g. isolates from food animals, raw meats and environment) isolates of special populations.

Aim: Lower respiratory tract infections LRTI have high morbidity rates in children In this study it was aimed to investigate the prevalence of respiratory viruses in children with LRTI symptoms Material and Method: A total of 160 children who were diagnosed with LRTI between October 2009 and March 2010 were included in the study The presence of respiratory syncytial virus RSV A B influenza virus A B parainfluenza virus PIV 1 2 3 4 human metapneumovirus rhinovirus and coronavirus OC43 229E in throat swab samples were investigated by real time PCR The RealAccurateTM Respiratory RT PCR Kit PathoFinder B V Netherlands Results: In 67 samples 41 8 at least one virus which could cause acute respiratory tract infection was found Overall RSV was the most frequently identified virus 52 2 followed by rhinovirus 26 8 coronavirus 5 metapneumovirus 2 9 and PIV 1 1 4 As the other viral agents coronavirus was detected in 4 samples 5 hMPV was detected in 2 samples 2 9 and PIV was detected in 1 sample 1 4 When the frequency of coinfections was evaluated RSV Rhinovirus association was found in 4 samples RSV Coronavirus association was found in 1 sample Rhinovirus Coronavirus association was found in 1 sample and RSV Rhinovirus Coronavirus association was found in 1 sample Conclusions: In 41 8 of the study group a viral factor responsible for the clinical signs was detected For that reason rapid and sensitive diagnosis of viruses which lead to respiratory infections will guide the clinician for avoidance of redundant antibiotic therapy and preventing viral hospital infections Turk Arch Ped 2013; 48: 215 220, Amaç: Alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonları çocuklarda sık görülür ve özellikle erken çocukluk çağında ölüm oranı yüksektir Bu araştırmada bölgemizde alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonları belirtileri bulunan çocuklarda solunum yolu viral etkenlerinin sıklığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma grubu Ekim 2009 Mart 2010 tarihleri arasında alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonları belirtileri ile hastaneye başvuran 160 çocuktan ort 14 6 ay oluşturulmuştur Bu çocuklardan alınan boğaz sürüntü örneklerinde respiratuar sinsityal virüs A B influenza virüs A B parainfluenza virüs 1 2 3 4 insan metapnömovirüs rinovirüs ve koronavirüs OC43 229E varlığı real time PCR yöntemiyle [The RealAccurateTM Respiratory RT PCR Kit PathoFinder BV Hollanda ] araştırılmıştır.Bulgular: Örneklerin 67 rsquo;sinde 41 8 alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonları belirtilerine neden olabilecek bir viral etken saptanmıştır Respiratuar sinsityal virüs 61 2 rsquo;lik oranla 41 67 en sık saptanan virüs olmuştur Bunu 35 8 24 67 ile rinovirüsler izlemektedir Dört örnekte 5 koronavirüs iki örnekte 2 9 ldquo;insan metapnömovirüs rdquo; bir örnekte de 1 4 parainfluenza virüs diğer viral etkenler olarak belirlenmiştir Birlikte enfeksiyon sıklıkları değerlendirildiğinde dört örnekte respiratuar sinsityal virüs rinovirüs birlikteliği bir örnekte respiratuar sinsityal virüs koronavirüs birlikteliği bir örnekte rinovirüs koronavirüs birlikteliği bir örnekte de respiratuar sinsityal virüs rinovirüs koronavirüs birlikteliği saptanmıştır. Çıkarımlar: Çalışma grubunun 41 8 rsquo;inde klinik belirtilerden sorumlu olabilecek bir viral etken saptanmıştır Bu nedenle viral solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarına neden olan virüslerin hızlı ve duyarlı tanısı gereksiz antibiyotik kullanımının engellenebilmesi ve bu virüslerin neden olabilecekleri hastane enfeksiyonlarının önlenebilmesi açısından klinisyene yol gösterici olacaktır.

Objective: Neonatal sepsis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among newborns in the developing world. We have investigated the causative agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility of late-onset sepsis (>72 h post-delivery), and determined the possible association between various risk factors and the mortality due to neonatal sepsis in 2008. To view the changes in years, we compared them with the data which we gained in 2004.

Background: Knowledge of antimicrobial resistance pattern in Escherichia coli, the predominant pathogen associated with urinary tract infection (UTI), is important as a guide in selecting empirical antimicrobial therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of E. coli strains isolated from adult outpatients with UTI, in Izmir, Turkey.

Keywords: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) – Prevalence – Intestinal colonization Submitted by ROBERTO PAULO CORREIA DE ARAÚJO (ppgorgsistem@ufba.br) on 2017-06-01T18:58:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 7_v.8_3.pdf: 150369 bytes, checksum: 8b7cdabcedfe761a03d5276755a3a54b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:58:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 7_v.8_3.pdf: 150369 bytes, checksum: 8b7cdabcedfe761a03d5276755a3a54b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09 Abstract: Enterococci have been recognized as clinically important pathogen in high-risk population of hospitalized patients. The aims of this study were to detect the prevalence of intestinal vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization among patients in the high-risk departments and the risk factors related to resistance in hospitalized patients in where VRE had been rarely isolated previously in Tepecik Educational and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. Following the first isolation of VRE in two patient in intensive care unit (ICU) and neonatal ICU in the same day, we carried out a point prevalence culture survey. Rectal swabs were obtained from patients. For comparison, 30 control patients hospitalized in internal medicine service were also analyzed. Ninety-three patients were investigated. Eighteen patients (19.3%) were found to be VRE carriers, whereas none of the control group patients had VRE. Thirteen strains were identified as Enterococcus faecium, four were Enterococcus gallinorum, and one was Enterococcus casseliflavus. Nine of E. faecium strains were resistant to vancomycin; the remainders were intermediate resistance to vancomycin and all of them sensitive to teicoplanin. Lengths of hospital stay, age and low birth weight for newborn were significantly associated with VRE colonization. A high prevalence of colonization by VRE was found at our ICUs, emphazing the importance of length stay in the ICU and low birth weight for newborn as a risk factor for colonization. VRE colonization must be monitored and risk factors should be determined, because of establish prevention and control measures. Salvador