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In order to find some clues as to why clozapine is amore effective drug than the sertindole and quetiapine, we investigated themolecular structures of these three molecules and calculated their structuralproperties by Density Functional Theory (DFT) technique. In this article, wesuggested that clozapine has different binding possibilities depending on thedopamine level in the medium. If so, it can be understood why clozapine is moreeffective in resolving clinical problems caused by different dopamine levels inthe frontal and subcortical regions. To test this hypothesis, we measured thebinding of three drugs to D1 and D2 dopamine receptors bymolecular docking. We found that clozapine had a greater potential for bindingwith D1 and D2 receptors. We suggested that this featuremight give clozapine a higher therapeutic effect.

N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) is a new antioxidant molecule with powerful radical scavenging properties. The aim of this study was to investigate neuroprotective effects of NACA against paraquat (PQ) toxicity in the midbrains of rats by using motor coordination tests and biochemical and histological analysis. Thirty adult Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: Group 1: control (n = 10), Group 2: PQ (10 mg/kg) (n = 10), and Group 3: PQ (10 mg/kg) $+$ NACA (100 mg/kg) (n = 10). NACA was administrated intraperitoneally 30 min before PQ injection. Performance was measured for a period of 28 days. The rotarod and accelerod tests were performed prior to and after the experimental period. After the experimental period, rats were sacrificed and midbrain tissues were removed. According to biochemical data, malondialdehyde levels exhibited a significant increase (P $

Platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) is a growth factor that plays an important role in the progression of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN). PDGF-B may contribute to mesangioproliferative changes and is overexpressed in MsPGN. Recently, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been widely used for gene silencing effects in experimental models of renal diseases. Nanoparticle-based therapeutics are preferred for reasons such as increasing therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxic effects caused by high doses. The distribution of nanoparticles to the kidney is a significant advantage in siRNA delivery. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of chitosan/siRNA nanoplexes in silencing of PDGF-B and PDGFR-beta genes in kidney and to decrease mesangial cell proliferation and matrix accumulation in MsPGN model induced by anti-Thy-1.1 antibody. The therapeutic effects of chitosan/siPDGF-B + siPDGFR-beta nanoplexes in glomerulonephritic rats were studied by molecular, biochemical, and histopathologic evaluations. Chitosan/siPDGF-B + siPDGFR-beta nanoplexes markedly reduced PDGF-B and PDGFR-beta mRNA and protein expressions in experimental MsPGN model. Histopathologic examination results showed that the silencing of PDGF-B and its receptor PDGFR-beta led to reduction in mesangial cell proliferation and matrix accumulation. The use of chitosan/siPDGF-B + siPDGFR-beta nanoplexes for silencing the PDGF-B pathway in MsPGN can be considered as a new effective therapeutic strategy.

Today, natural, balanced and high quality nutrition and prevention or treatment of certain diseases are much more important issues. Foods contain some kinds of proteins, fat, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins with one or more antioxidants. The purpose of this review is rather than to evaluate profoundly some biochemical reactions, histopathologic changes or pharmacological effects of antioxidants in the development of some diseases, and to outline the information on foods that contain antioxidants and emphasize of their protective or therapeutic importance. Key words: Antioxidant Containing Food, Oxidative Stress, Günümüzde doğal, kaliteli ve dengeli beslenmeyle birlikte bazı hastalıkların önlenmesi ya da tedavisi oldukça fazla önem arz etmektedir. Gıdalar farklı oranlarda protein, yağ, karbonhidrat, mineral ve vitaminlerle birlikte antioksidan madde(ler)den bir ve/veya birçoğunu içermektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, bazı hastalıkların gelişimindeki biyokimyasal reaksiyonları, histopatolojik değişiklikleri ya da antioksidanların farmakolojik etki mekanizmalarını derinlemesine incelemekten ziyade antioksidanların genel özellikleri ile antioksidan içeren bazı gıdaların tedavi edici veya koruyucu etkilerine vurgu yapılmasıdır. Anahtar kelimeler: Antioksidan İçeren Gıdalar, Oksidatif Stres

WOS: 000267957000020, PubMed ID: 20120501, DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene) is known to generate DNA-reactive species during their metabolism, which may enhance oxidative stress in cells. Since selenium is known as a non-enzymic antioxidant, health problems induced by many environmental pollutants, have stimulated the evaluation of relative antioxidant potential of selenium and synthetic organoselenium compounds. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate chemopreventive potential of synthetic organoselenium compounds by monitoring level of liver nitric oxide. In this study, adult female Wistar rats were treated with DMBA and the novel organoselenium compounds (Se I) and (Se II) in the determined doses. DMBA-induced in rats, the effects of organoselenium compounds on nitric oxide levels in rat liver was studied. In this study, it has been observed a statistically significant increase in (Nitric Oxide) levels for the liver of rat exposed to DMBA (p, Technological and Scientific Research Council of Turkey [TUBITAK TBAG-2259 (102T185)], We thank to Technological and Scientific Research Council of Turkey TUBITAK TBAG-2259 (102T185) for financial support of this work.