Search

PDF file - 253KB, Representative IHC graphs of EGFR, p-EGFR, ALK, p-ALK in EGFR-mutant/ALK-negative, EGFR-WT/ALK-positive tumors, and EGFR-WT/ALK-negative tumors.

Purpose: We investigated the incidence of concomitant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements in Chinese patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and assessed responses to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and crizotinib in such tumors.Experimental Design: We screened 977 consecutive patients with NSCLC for the presence of concomitant EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements by rapid amplification of cDNA ends-coupled PCR sequencing and FISH. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting were used to correlate the activation of EGFR, ALK, and downstream proteins with responses to EGFR-TKIs and crizotinib.Results: The overall frequency of concomitant EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements was 1.3% (13/977). EGFR/ALK co-alterations were found in 3.9% (13/336) EGFR-mutant and 18.6% (13/70) ALK-rearranged patients. Ten tumors were treated with first-line EGFR-TKIs, with a response rate of 80% (8/10). Two tumors with high phospho-ALK levels and low phospho-EGFR levels achieved stable and progressive disease, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 11.2 months. Coexpression of mutant EGFR and ALK fusion proteins in the same tumor cell populations was detected by IHC. Two cases with high phospho-ALK levels treated with crizotinib achieved partial responses; two cases with low phospho-ALK levels had progressive or stable disease.Conclusion:ALK rearrangements and EGFR mutations could coexist in a small subgroup of NSCLC. Advanced pulmonary adenocarcinomas with such co-alterations could have diverse responses to EGFR-TKIs and crizotinib. Relative phospho-ALK and phospho-EGFR levels could predict the efficacy of EGFR-TKI and crizotinib. Clin Cancer Res; 20(5); 1383–92. ©2014 AACR.

PDF file - 63KB.

PDF file - 635KB, Sequence results of EML4-ALK fusion variants.

In view of the combined effect of the load and the corrosive environment on the downhole tubing and the need for the selection of downhole tubing materials, the study on the pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, erosion corrosion, high temperature and high pressure simulation of corrosion, galvanic corrosion, resistance to sulfide stress corrosion cracking SSC, resistance to hydrogen induced cracking, stress corrosion cracking test under simulated working conditions for TC27 titanium alloy was carried out. Furthermore, the corrosion performance was evaluated by the test results and evaluation standards such as GB/T 18590-2001, SY/T 7394-2017, GB/T 15748-2013. The results show that TC27 have excellent resistance to pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion and erosion corrosion under the corrosive environment of NaCl and H2S. The alloy also has excellent corrosion resistance and crack resistance under high-intensity environments such as high temperature and high pressure, and has good overall performance, which can effectively meet the needs of anti-corrosion performance of downhole tubing materials in different corrosive environments.

Cell transmission model (CTM) is useful for evaluating the performance of urban traffic networks due to its mathematical formalism. This paper explores the application of CTM to develop control strategies for dispersion accident-induced traffic jams and evaluates the efficiency of these strategies. On the other hand, Timed Petri nets (TPNs) perform in discrete event systems because they provide a balance between modeling power and analyzability. This paper focuses on using the developed TPNs to model variable traffic light control systems. One advantage of the proposed methods is that the traffic light behavior is clearly represented in terms of conditions and events, which result in changes in the pre-emption phase. Moreover, this paper also proposes a new control strategy to eliminate the traffic jam propagation by preventing the traffic flow heading in the direction of an accident. The analysis is performed to demonstrate how the models enforce the phase of traffic transitions by a reachability graph with time information. The liveness and reversibility of the proposed model are verified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to use TPNs to model a variable phase traffic light control system and identify its accident scenarios for the purpose of their complete avoidance. This helps the latest advanced technology in traffic safety related to the intersection of roadways.

Purpose: Besides the smoking and occupational exposures, heritable factors have been proven to be a risk factor for lung cancer by several population-based studies, which would misestimate the risk of lung cancer. Patients and methods: To quantify the magnitude of the high risk of lung cancer with family history, we performed a case-based study with 1373 enrolled individuals, which may be more accurate than a population-based study. Results: Risk of lung cancer was higher in people with lung cancer family history than in the control group (OR 2.50, p

Solving states separation problems is an important technique to obtain liveness-enforcing and optimal or near-optimal supervisors for flexible manufacturing systems based on Petri nets. It first generates the model’s reachability graph and partitions it into a live zone (LZ) and a deadlock zone (DZ). Then, first-met bad markings (FBMs), which exist in DZ and are the very first entries from LZ to DZ, are forbidden by some designed place invariants (PIs) to prevent the system from entering DZ. This paper studies the reduction of the number of places to be considered in such PI designs. First, the concepts of critical transitions and critical activity places are defined, and a fast algorithm is provided to compute them. Then, the proofs of that only critical activity places need to be considered in such PI designs to forbid all FBMs and/or permit all legal markings in LZ are established.

Benzotriazole and its associated derivatives (BTs) are widely used as ultraviolet stabilizers and corrosion inhibitors. They have been extensively found in marine environments and are bioaccumulative through the food chain. However, the toxicities of BTs to marine organisms are seldom identified and no assessment has been conducted for filter-feeding bivalves. In this study, a marine scallop Chlamys nobilis was exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/L of BT for 60 days. Effects of BT on endocrine system, cytochrome P450 activity, antioxidant activity, and neural activity of C. nobilis were examined. The results showed that BT exerted significant estrogenic effects on both male and female scallops and inhibited EROD activities of C. nobilis even at 0.01 mg/L level. BT at ≥ 0.01 mg/L levels also caused significant oxidative stress on C. nobilis. Moreover, most of the adverse effects of BT to C. nobilis were found from day 35 and 0.01 mg/L was the lowest concentration with observed effects, showing the long-term toxic effects of BT to C. nobilis. Thus, the adverse effects of BT and its derivatives to marine benthic communities deserve more attention in future research.