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There are many landslide deposits in the reservoir and bank areas of hydropower projects in southwest China. These deposits are easy to deform and fail along the existing sliding zone under hydrodynamic conditions, such as rainfall and reservoir water fluctuation. The slip soil in Dahua landslide deposits which are located at the Dahuaqiao Hydropower Plant in the Lancang river basin of southwest China, was studied as an example. The experimental study was carried out to explore the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of slip soil. The permeability characteristics and the evolution in the unsaturated seepage process were analyzed, and the saturated permeability characteristics under different confining pressures and osmotic pressures were studied. The results indicated that the VG model could be used to describe the SWCC and the variation of relative permeability coefficient of Dahua slip zone soil. Through the saturated permeability test, it is found that under the same other conditions, the larger the confining pressure is, the weaker the saturated permeability of the slip soil is; while the larger the osmotic pressure is, the stronger the saturated permeability is. Furthermore, the saturated permeability characteristics of the slip zone soil manifested a strong non-Darcy flow behavior, and the relationship between permeability velocity and hydraulic gradient satisfied the Forchheimer binomial model. When the confining pressure was low, the linear term coefficient of velocity had a more significant effect on the permeability, whereas the quadratic term coefficient of velocity gradually dominated in the seepage process with the increase of confining pressure.

In the post-pandemic era, a growing emphasis on elevating the quality of tourism consumption has been observed. This study explores how different language portfolios on product packaging can influence tourists' perceptions and purchase intentions to promote sustainable consumption. Previous studies on tourism product strategies often addressed national identity, power perception, and stereotypes, but overlooked the fundamental role of multilingual packaging strategies for enterprises and tourists. This study focuses on sake, which combines cultural and natural attributes, as its experimental object. Sub-studies 1, 2, and 3 empirically analyzed how perceptions of competence and warmth are affected by monolingual, bilingual, and trilingual properties of language packaging, respectively, and their impact on tourists' purchase intentions. The findings suggest that monolingual and bilingual packaging enhances tourists' competence perception, while trilingual packaging enhances tourists' warmth perception, thereby stimulating tourists' positive purchase intentions. Additionally, cultural identity significantly moderates the effectiveness of multilingual packaging strategies. Understanding these dynamics can help tourism enterprises design more effective promotional activities and packaging language strategies for tourists' preferences. It can also enhance the post-pandemic tourism industry. Plain language summary: Impact of multilingual packaging on tourism products of competence and warmth: From the monolingual, bilingual, and trilingual perspectives In this paper, we clarify the mechanism of how different types of language packaging and product attributes influence product perceptions, explore tourists' preference for the tourism product attributes and their purchase responses. We focus on the tourism products and consider the effectiveness of multilingual packaging strategies according to the packaging language (portfolio) of tourism products and its embodied competence and warmth perceptions. We aim to provide novel theoretical and managerial insights in creating market positioning for tourism products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Ticks, which are obligate blood‐feeding parasites, transmit a wide range of pathogens during their hematophagic process. Certain enzymes and macromolecules play a crucial role in inhibition of several tick physiological processes, including digestion and reproduction. In the present study, genes encoding type 2 cystatin were cloned and characterized from Haemaphysalis doenitzi, and the potential role of cystatin in tick control was further assessed. RESULTS: Two cystatin genes, HDcyst‐1 and HDcyst‐2, were successfully cloned from the tick H. doenitzi. Their open reading frames are 390 and 426 base pairs, and the number of coding amino acids are 129 and 141, respectively. In the midgut, salivary glands, Malpighian tubules and ovaries of ticks, the relative expression of HDcyst‐1 was higher in the midgut and Malpighian tubules, and HDcyst‐2 was higher in the salivary glands of H. doenitzi, respectively. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and low‐temperature stress elevated cystatin expression in ticks. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay showed that both rHDcyst‐1 and rHDcyst‐2 protein vaccines increased antibody levels in immunized rabbits. A vaccination trial in rabbits infected with H. doenitzi showed that both recombinant cystatin proteins significantly reduced tick engorgement weights and egg mass weight, in particular, rHDcyst‐1 significantly prolonged tick engorgement time by 1 day and reduced egg hatching rates by 16.9%. In total, rHDcyst‐1 and rHDcyst‐2 protein vaccinations provided 64.1% and 51.8% protection to adult female ticks, respectively. CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the immunological characterization of the cystatin protein and sequencing of the cystatin gene in H. doenitzi. Cystatin proteins are promising antigens that have the potential to be used as vaccines for infestation of H. doenitzi control. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is still insufficiently understood. Recent findings suggest that immunoglobulins, in particular IgE but also IgA, play a role in the development of CSU.ObjectiveOur aim was to assess differences in clinical and laboratory markers between CSU patients with and without lower levels of serum IgA and IgE.MethodsWe analyzed the data of 606 patients with CSU by dividing them into four groups based on their IgA and IgE levels. The groups were compared for their spectrum of symptoms, disease activity, concomitant autoimmunity and routine laboratory markers. Autoreactivity was assessed by basophil activation test (BAT). Moreover, IgE-anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) was measured.ResultsOf the patients with lower IgE levels, 66.5% also had lower IgA levels (r=0.316, p