Search

Herein, we report an unprecedented Rh(III)-catalyzed C–H activation/annulation cascade of readily available enaminones with iodonium ylides towards the convenient synthesis of isocoumarins. This coupling system proceeds in useful chemical yields (up to 93%) via a cascade C–H activation, Rh-carbenoid migratory insertion and acid-promoted intramolecular annulation. The success of gram-scale reaction and diverse functionalization of isocoumarins demonstrated the synthetic utility of this protocol.

We report the electrocatalytic α-hydroxymethylation of ketones using DMF as the carbon source at room temperature in air in a conversion that proceeds without need for toxic and expensive chemical oxidants or metal catalysts.

The combined influence of Mg/Si and Ca contents on the crystallization of primary Mg2Si in Al–Mg2Si alloy is investigated. Embryo formation of primary Mg2Si can be restricted by the addition of Ca while the restricted effect is weakened by increasing the content of Mg/Si, and content of Ca for over-modification is increased with the increased Mg/Si content. Growth of primary Mg2Si is encouraged with the increasing content of Mg/Si, while the addition of Ca can restrict the growth rate directionally in Ca-modified Al–Mg2Si alloy, which leads to the morphology evolution of primary Mg2Si. The serious inhibition effect on the whole crystallization process of primary Mg2Si caused by increasing the content of Ca is the main reason for the occurrence of over-modification. Dice-like primary Mg2Si is prepared successfully in the over-modified alloy for the first time. The tip-growth process of the dice-like primary Mg2Si is revealed, which is completed by 2-D nucleation growth. The study provides a novel method to control the morphology and particle size of primary Mg2Si, which can further help understand the crystallization process of the crystal.

Background and purpose Overweight or obese patients exhibit poorer platelet responses to clopidogrel; however, the mechanisms behind this phenotype remain to be elucidated. Here, we sought to dissect whether and why obesity could affect the metabolic activation of and/or platelet response to clopidogrel in obese patients and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Experimental approach A post hoc stratified analysis of an observational clinical study was performed to investigate changes in residual platelet reactivity with increasing body weight in patients taking clopidogrel. Furthermore, high-fat diet-induced obese mice were used to reveal alterations in systemic exposure of clopidogrel thiol active metabolite H4, ADP-induced platelet activation and aggregation, the expression of genes responsible for the metabolic activation of clopidogrel, count of circulating reticulated and mature platelets, and proliferation profiles of megakaryocyte in bone marrow. The relevant genes and potential signaling pathways were predicted and enriched according to the GEO datasets available from obese patients. Key results Obese patients exhibited significantly attenuated antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. In diet-induced obese mice, systemic exposure of clopidogrel active metabolite H4 was significantly reduced but that of its hydrolytic metabolite was increased due to down-regulation of certain P450s but up-regulation of Ces1 in the liver. Moreover, enhanced proliferation of megakaryocytes and elevated platelet count also contributed. Conclusion and implications Obesity attenuates metabolic activation of clopidogrel and increases counts of circulating reticulated and mature platelets, leading to impaired platelet responsiveness to the drug in mice, suggesting that clopidogrel dosage may need to be adjusted adequately in overweight or obese patients.

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides are of particular interest in high-performance photothermal conversion, yet there remains a huge challenge in their practical application in smart textiles for healthcare, energy, and personal protection. Herein, we controllably prepared MoS2 hollow nanospheres with a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 36% via a microemulsion-hydrothermal method, which was further applied to construct photothermal fibers for personal thermal management after a hot-blast dip-drying process. Because of the prominent photothermal effect, the temperature of the photothermal fibers sharply increases from the room temperature value of 25.0 to 55.5 °C in 60 s under near-infrared illumination with a power density of 500 W/cm2. Furthermore, the photothermal fiber pad demonstrated an obvious temperature enhancement of 38.0 °C from a skin temperature of 22.0 °C after it was irradiated by natural sunlight for 60 s. Significantly, the antibacterial elimination rates of the photothermal fibers for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are ∼99.9 and ∼99.8%, respectively. This strategy affords an avenue toward the practical application of photothermal materials in smart fibers for personal thermoregulation.

Pikas (Lagomorpha: Ochotonidae) are small mouse-like lagomorphs. To investigate their adaptation to different ecological environments during their dispersal from the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (QTP), we collected 226 pikas and measured 20 morphological characteristics and recorded habitat information. We also sequenced the genome of 81 specimens, representing 27 putative pika species. The genome-wide tree based on 4 090 coding genes identified five subgenera, i.e.,鼠兔（兔形目:鼠兔科）是一种小型的哺乳动物。为了研究鼠兔从青藏高原迁徙过程中对不同生态环境的适应性进化，我们采集了226只鼠兔并测量了每个个体的20项形态特征数据，还记录了它们的生境信息。我们进一步对代表了27个推定的不同鼠兔物种的81个标本进行了基因组测序。基于4090个编码基因的全基因组系统发育树和形态学数据，我们均鉴定出5个鼠兔亚属，即

An unprecedented [3 + 2] annulation of readily available 3-aminooxetanes and 1,3,5-triazinanes is accomplished for the first time. The BF3·Et2O promoted ring-opening of the strained oxetane motif is the thermodynamic driving force for this reaction. The prominent features of this reaction include simple operation, broad scope, and transition-metal-free and mild conditions, allowing the efficient synthesis of a range of structurally diverse 4-hydroxymethyl imidazolidines in useful to good yields (31 examples, up to 93% yield). The synthesis on a gram scale and downstream modification of imidazolidine products with some biologically active acids are successful.

To determine psychological symptoms of patients with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 in China and to explore the influencing factors.A cross-sectional study.A convenience sample of 296 mild coronavirus disease 2019 patients were recruited from a Fangcang hospital in Wuhan, Hubei Province, from 3-5 March, 2020. Participants were assessed using a sociodemographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, and Symptom Check List 90. The binary logistic regression was utilized to explore the influencing factors of psychological symptoms of patients with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019.In total, 296 of 299 patients with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 participated in the study (response rate: 99.0%). The findings revealed that 12.8% patients with mild symptoms have mental health problems; the most common psychological symptoms are phobic anxiety (58.4%), paranoid ideation (50.7%) and psychoticism (40.2%). Female patients [OR = 3.587, 95% CI (1.694-7.598)] and those having physical symptoms currently [OR = 2.813, 95% CI (1.210-6.539)] are at higher risk, while those in the middle duration of hospitalization [OR = 0.278, 95% CI (0.121-0.639)] protect against mental-health problems.The minority of patients with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 were still suffering from psychological symptoms. Healthcare providers are recommended to pay particular attention to screening these high-risk groups (women, those in the initial stages of hospitalization and those with physical symptoms currently) and implement targeted psychological care as required.This study found that most patients of coronavirus disease 2019 in Fangcang hospital exhibited normal mental health at par with the general Chinese norm and the minority of them were suffering from psychological symptoms. The findings can provide a reference for healthcare providers to screen high-risk psychological symptoms groups and implement targeted psychological intervention for patients with coronavirus disease 2019.目的: 了解中国新冠病毒肺炎轻度症状患者的心理症状, 并探讨影响因素。 设计: 一项横截面研究。 方法: 2020年3月3日至3月5日, 在湖北省武汉市方仓医院招募296例新冠病毒肺炎轻度症状患者作为便利样本。采用社会人口学和临床特征调查问卷以及症状自评量表90对参与者进行评估。利用二元逻辑回归探讨了新冠病毒肺炎患者心理症状的影响因素。 结果: 在299例新冠病毒肺炎轻度症状患者中, 共有296例参与研究 (有效率: 99.0%) 。研究结果显示, 12.8%的轻度症状患者存在心理健康问题; 最常见的心理症状是恐惧焦虑 (58.4%) 、偏执(50.7%) 和精神质 (40.2%) 。女性患者【OR=3.587,95%CI(1.694-7.598) 】和目前有体症的患者【OR=2.813,95%CI(1.210-6.539) 】风险较高, 而住院中期的患者【OR=0.278,95%CI(0.121-0.639) 】可以预防心理健康问题。 结论: 在新冠病毒肺炎病症状较轻的患者中, 少数患者仍有心理症状。建议医疗服务提供者特别注意筛查这些高危人群 (女性、住院初期和目前有身体症状的人群) , 并根据需要实施针对性的心理护理。 影响: 本研究发现, 方仓医院新冠病毒肺炎病患者大多表现为心理健康正常, 与中国一般常态持平, 少数患者存在心理症状。该研究结果可为医疗服务提供者筛选高危心理症状群体并对新冠病毒肺炎患者实施针对性的心理干预提供参考。.

In this paper, we first define a primitive protocol of secure multiparty computations to privately compute the logic operator “OR” (SMC_OR). Accordingly, we design a feasible quantum SMC_OR protocol by using single photons, which can achieve information-theoretical security in the semi-honest model. Furthermore, we adopt the proposed quantum SMC_OR protocol to solve an interesting but important privacy-preserving problem, i.e., finding the maximum value among many secrets. Finally, we simulate the related quantum protocols in Qiskit and verify the correctness and the feasibility of the proposed protocols.

Micro-cutting is different from conventional cutting in its mechanics. The workpiece material is not considered to be homogeneous in the micro-cutting process. As a result, it is critical to comprehend how microstructure affects surface integrity, cutting forces, and chip formation. In this paper, we experimented with micro-turning on oxygen-free high-conductivity (OFHC) copper with different microstructures after annealing. Feed rate parameters were smaller than, larger than, and equal to the grain size, respectively. Experimental results show that when the feed rates are equivalent to the grain size, the surface roughness of the machined surface is low and the width of the flake structure on the free surface of chips is minimal, and the explanations for these occurrences are connected to dislocation slip.

According to the observation of a metallurgical microscope, surface morphology of 2219 aluminium alloy under several corrosion circumstances, such as corrosion pits and grain boundary corrosion, is directly perceived. Furthermore, with a laser range finder, corrosion depth data can be measured, and by using some methods of data processing, the affection for this material of certain solution components and immersion time is studied quantitatively. This binary study mean not only provides both graphical and statistical analysis, but also gives the relationship between them, which makes the result more reliable.

Background: Breast cancer patients with internal mammary lymph node (IMLN) metastasis have been shown to have poor prognosis, and the overall survival of patients was significantly different. The nomogram was developed to predict prognosis of IMLN metastasis in breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and divide the patients into different risk groups.Methods: This retrospective study included 218 breast cancer patients with IMLN metastasis who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Based on the multivariate Cox regression model, we determined independent prognostic factors in breast cancer patients with IMLN metastasis and developed a predictive nomogram using these factors. The discrimination and performance of the nomogram was assessed by C‐index, the calibration curves and decision curve analyses. Patients were stratified into the high- risk group and low-risk group based on the best cut-off risk score. The Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed between the two different risk groups to assess the predictive ability of the nomogram.Results: Menopausal status, clinical T stage, pathological Complete Response, axillary lymph node metastasis and Ki-67 were independent prognostic factors in breast cancer patients with IMLN metastasis. These prognostic factors were determined for the development of the nomogram. The C‐index of the nomogram was 0.77, which showed the nomogram provided good discernment. The calibration curves demonstrated optimal agreement between prediction by the nomogram and actual observation. The decision curve analyses further demonstrated that the nomogram had the best net benefits. The patients with IMLN metastasis were divided into high-risk group (total score ≥206.9733) and low-risk group (total score＜206.9733), and the risk group stratification confirmed that the nomogram had great capacity for distinguishing the prognosis. Conclusions: The nomogram was developed and validated to predict prognosis of IMLN metastasis in breast cancer patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. It might help clinicians to identify patients who need individualized treatment and active post-operative surveillance. However, it is necessary to further mine the unknown prognostic factors to optimize the nomogram, and more external validation is still required.

Background and Objective. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is linked to high morbidity and death rates throughout the world due to limited therapeutic options and thus presents a major challenge to the developed and developing countries. In this study, we aim to investigate the influence of sacubitril/valsartan (sac/val) treatment on the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/Cav1.2 expression in AF models. Methods. Overall, 18 rabbits were randomly divided into control, pacing (600 beats/min), and pacing+sac/val groups. The rabbits in the pacing+sac/val cohort received oral sac/val (10 mg/kg twice daily) across the 21-day investigation period. After three weeks, the atrial effective refractory period (AERP) and AF induction rate were compared. HL-1 cultures were exposed to fast pacing (24 h) with and without LBQ657 (active sacubitril form)/valsartan. Western blots were used for detecting Cav1.2 and CaMKII expression within atrial muscles of the rabbits and HL-1 cultures of AF model. Results. In comparison to the sham cohort, the AF induction rate was markedly increased together with AERP reduction within pacing cohort. Such changes were markedly rescued through sac/val treatment in pacing+sac/val cohort. The proteomic expression profiles of CaMKII and Cav1.2 showed that the CaMKII expression was markedly upregulated, while Cav1.2 expression was downregulated in the pacing cohort. Importantly, these effects were absent in pacing+sac/val cohort. Conclusion. Results of this study show that sac/val treatment regulates the expression of CaMKII/Cav1.2 and could alter this pathway in atrial rapid electrical stimulation models. Therefore, this investigation could contribute to a novel strategy in AF therapeutics in clinical settings.

To screen efficacious neoantigens for the development of LIHC mRNA vaccines, construct LIHC immune clusters, and therefore select patients who might benefit from vaccination.RNA-seq data and clinical information of 371 TCGA-LIHC and 231 ICGC-LIHC cohorts were downloaded. Differentially expressed genes and their associations with prognosis were analyzed by GEPIA, genetic alterations were examined in the cBioPortal portal, and the association between genes and immune infiltrating cells was explored by TIMER. The immune clusters were constructed by consistency clustering, and the immune landscape was described using CIBERSORT.POLR3C and KPNA2 were identified as LIHC tumor neoantigens related to inferior prognosis and antigen-presenting cell infiltration. In addition, three immune clusters (IC1, IC2 and IC3) with significant differences in molecular, immune cytological, and clinical features were identified in both the TCGA and ICGC LIHC cohorts. Immune "hot" phenotype IC3 displayed a better survival than IC2, and immune "cold" phenotype IC1 exhibited a high tumor mutation burden.In conclusion, for the development of anti-LIHC mRNA vaccines, we identified efficacious neoantigens POLR3C and KPNA2, profiled the tumor microenvironment of LIHC, and identified IC1 patients as the subgroup who might not most benefit from vaccination.

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides are of particular interest in high-performance photothermal conversion, yet there remains a huge challenge in their practical application in smart textiles for healthcare, energy, and personal protection. Herein, we controllably prepared MoS

Aim To measure the prevalence of compassion fatigue among Chinese clinical nurses and to examine the effects of resilience and self-efficacy on compassion fatigue. Design A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in accordance with the STROBE guidelines. Methods Participants were recruited from three tertiary hospitals in central China from October 3 to December 15, 2019, using convenience sampling. Clinical nurses (n = 992) from different nursing departments completed the General Information Questionnaire, Professional Quality of Life Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson or Spearman's correlation analyses, and multiple linear regression models were used. Results Nurses experienced moderate levels of compassion fatigue (burnout and secondary traumatic stress). Resilience and self-efficacy were significantly negatively correlated with burnout but not with secondary traumatic stress. Linear regression analysis showed that resilience, self-efficacy, exercise, and physical conditions were the main predictors of burnout. Only physical conditions and marital status significantly predicted secondary traumatic stress. Conclusion Nurses are vulnerable to compassion fatigue in China. Resilience and self-efficacy significantly negatively predicted nurses' compassion fatigue. Physical conditions, healthy lifestyles, and social support are also important factors for compassion fatigue. Impact Our findings can be used to generate targeted intervention and coping strategies for nurses to improve their resilience and self-efficacy to alleviate compassion fatigue.

Wood-inhabiting fungi play crucial roles as decomposers in forest ecosystems and, in this study, two new wood-inhabiting corticioid fungi, Hyphoderma puerense and H. tenuissimumspp. nov., are proposed, based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Hyphoderma puerense is characterised by effused basidiomata with smooth to floccose hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid basidiospores. Hyphoderma tenuissimum is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with tuberculate to minutely-grandinioid hymenial surface, septate cystidia and cylindrical to allantoid basidiospores. Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed with Maximum Likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian Inference methods. These analyses showed that the two new species clustered into Hyphoderma, in which H. puerense grouped with H. moniliforme and H. tenuissimum formed a singleton lineage. In addition, an identification key to Chinese Hyphoderma is provided.

Proper functioning of the cerebellum is crucial to motor balance and coordination in adult mammals. Purkinje cells (PCs), the sole output neurons of the cerebellar cortex, play essential roles in cerebellar motor function. Tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is involved in balance activities of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of the mammalian brain and in the development of many nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, the role of TRIM32 in cerebellar motor function has never been examined. In this study we found that motor balance and coordination of mid-aged TRIM32 deficient mice were poorer than those of wild-type littermates. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess cerebella morphology and TRIM32 expression in PCs. Golgi staining showed that the extent of dendritic arborization and dendritic spine density of PCs were decreased in the absence of TRIM32. The loss of TRIM32 was also associated with a decrease in the number of synapses between parallel fibers and PCs, and in synapses between climbing fibers and PCs. In addition, deficiency of TRIM32 decreased Type I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase (INPP5A) levels in cerebellum. Overall, this study is the first to elucidate a role of TRIM32 in cerebellar motor function and a possible mechanism, thereby highlighting the importance of TRIM32 in the cerebellum.

A series of novel fluorinated silicon-containing copolymers were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This was achieved by polymerization of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) with the dimethylchlorosilane terminated allyl-substituted poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Their demulsification performance for low-temperature coal tar (LCT) /water emulsion were evaluated via bottle tests. The influences of demulsifier dosage, settling time and temperature on the demulsification efficiency were investigated in detail. The copolymers were able to remove more than 90% LCT from the LCT emulsion and provide good demulsification performance. The interfacial tension and interfacial rheology properties of LCT emulsions in the presence of the copolymers were systematically discussed. The results revealed that the copolymers did not affect the interfacial tension of the emulsion significantly, but decrease the elasticity of the interface film obviously. The solvophobicity of PTFEMA chains can not only effectively improve the diffusion rate of the polymer from the bulk to the interface, but also destroy the interfacial film structure and promote the coalescence of emulsion droplets.

Objective: This study aims to explore the association between life events and coping styles, and how resilience and self-esteem mediate the association.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 981 left-behind adolescents (LBAs) in five junior high schools in Hunan Province, China, from April 13 to April 20, 2020. We utilized self-designed sociodemographic questionnaire, Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist, Resilience Scale Chinese Adolescent, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire to assess the mental health of LBAs. Statistic description, Pearson correlation analysis, and structural equation model were adopted to analyze the data.Results: Results revealed that life events could negatively predict resilience (β = −0.29, P < 0.001) and self-esteem (β = −0.39, P < 0.001) and positively predict LBAs' positive coping style (β = 0.28, P < 0.001) and negative coping style (β = 0.21, P < 0.001). Self-esteem could also positively predict the resilience of LBAs (β = 0.62, P < 0.001); resilience could negatively predict the negative coping style (β = −0.21, P < 0.001) and positively predict the positive coping style (β = 0.79, P < 0.001). Life events not only have direct effects on negative coping style (β = 0.21) and positive coping style (β = 0.28) but also have indirect effects on coping styles by affecting resilience (β = −0.29) and self-esteem (β = −0.39). The total effect of life events on coping styles was 0.32, where 34.37% was mediated by resilience and self-esteem.Conclusion: We proved that resilience and self-esteem mediated most of the effects of life events on coping styles. The findings had important implications for interventions to promote mental health of LBAs, particularly the enhancement of resilience and self-esteem.

Variability in P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporting activity was supposed to be involved in altered intestinal absorption and bioavailability of clopidogrel in patients; however, reliable evidence is still lacking. In this study, we sought to determine whether P-gp could play an important role in the metabolic activation of and platelet response to clopidogrel in mice. Abcb1a/1b knock-out (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were used to evaluate differences in the intracellular accumulation of clopidogrel in the intestine, liver, and brain tissues and in systemic exposure of clopidogrel and its main metabolites as well as the mechanisms involved. Results indicated that, compared with WT mice, KO mice exhibited an 84% increase in systemic exposure of clopidogrel active thiol metabolite H4 and a 14.5% rise of suppression of ADP-induced platelet integrin αIIbβ3 activation, paralleled by a 41% decrease in systemic exposure of clopidogrel due to enhanced systemic clearance. Furthermore, KO mice displayed a 45% increase in Cyp3a11 but a 23% decrease in Ces1 at their protein levels compared with WT mice. Concurrently, intracellular clopidogrel concentrations in the tissues examined did not differ significantly between KO and WT mice. We conclude that although P-gp does not transport clopidogrel and its major metabolites in mice, P-gp-deficient mice exhibit elevated formation of the active metabolite H4 and enhanced antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel through up-regulation of Cyp3a11 and down-regulation of Ces1, suggesting that P-gp activity may correlate inversely with the formation of H4 and antiplatelet efficacy of clopidogrel in clinical settings due to P-gp and CYP3A4 interplay.

Tumor size is still considered a useful prognostic factor in currently available tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification staging systems for most solid tumors, but the significance of tumor size on the prognosis of ampullary carcinoma remains controversial. The aim of the current study was to propose a new T-stage classification system for ampullary carcinoma to address the impact of tumor size on the prognostic outcome.Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we identified 1080 patients with ampullary carcinoma who underwent radical surgical resection between 2004 and 2015. Based on the results obtained from analysis of various clinicopathologic factors, a new T-stage classification system was proposed.Among the 1080 patients, 618 were men and 462 were women, with a median tumor size of 2.3 (range 0.1-12) cm. Using the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual, we noticed significant differences in overall survival (OS) between T2 vs. T3 tumors (P0.001) and T3 vs. T4 tumors (P = 0.002), but failed to observe significant differences between T1 vs. T2 tumors (P = 0.498) in our pair-wise comparison. Using the newly developed T-stage classification system, we were able to differentiate significant differences in OS between T1 vs. T2 tumors (P = 0.032), T2 vs. T3 tumors (P0.001) and T3 vs. T4 tumor (P = 0.003) in all pair-wise comparisons. The c-index of the new staging system was 0.653 (95% CI: 0.629-0.677), showing a better discriminatory power than the 0.636 of the 7th AJCC staging system (95% CI: 0.612-0.660).The new T-stage classification system described herein can better differentiate prognostic outcomes after radical resection in patients with ampullary carcinoma by incorporating tumor size and depth of tumor infiltration.

Aims and objectives To explore the role of resilience in anxiety and depression and to clarify their relationships among patients with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in Wuhan, China. Background The outbreak of COVID‐19 has negatively affected some individuals but resilience plays a decisive role in the response of individuals under pressure and can help them deal with pressure more effectively. Design The cross‐sectional descriptive correlational survey was reported in line with the STROBE guidelines. Subject and setting In total, 296 patients from FangCang Hospital in Wuhan, Hubei, China with mild symptoms of COVID‐19 were recruited. Methods Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. The data collected included their demographic information, the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results A small number of the patients in this study had above threshold anxiety (subthreshold anxiety and major anxiety) and depression (subthreshold depression and major depression). The mean total resilience score of the participants was slightly below the normal level of ordinary Chinese adults. Resilience was inversely associated with and was a protective factor for both anxiety and depression in our samples. Risk factors for anxiety include being female and having colleagues with COVID‐19, while a risk factor for depression was having family members with COVID‐19. Conclusions This study shows that after taking the general demographics into consideration, higher levels of resilience was associated with lower anxiety and depression among mild COVID‐19 patients in Wuhan, China. Relevance to clinical practice Health professionals, especially clinical nurses, need to be aware of the psychological status of COVID‐19 patients and promote resilience in order to improve their mental health.

Background High aggressive behavior will harm the physical and mental health of children, and the probability of aggressive behaviors among left-behind junior high school students is significantly higher than that of non-left-behind ones, but the systematic research and intervention measures concerning the aggressive behavior of the left-behind junior high school students quite deficient at present. This study adopts the structural equation model to analyze the interrelationship and action modes of various factors affecting the aggressive behavior of the left-behind junior high school students to provide scientific basis for the mitigation and prevention of their aggressive behavior. Methods A structural equation model was constructed based on data from a cross-sectional survey of 751 left-behind junior high school students using Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Checklist, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents, Coping Style Questionnaire, and Buss-Warren Aggression Questionnaire. Results Self-esteem, resilience, positive coping, negative coping and household income have different direct or indirect effects on the aggressive behavior of left-behind junior high school students. Among them, self-esteem, resilience, positive coping and negative coping are the important mediating factors between life events and aggressive behavior of left-behind junior high school students. Conclusions Parents, teachers and temporary guardians in the care of left-behind children should try to avoid possible adverse effects that the life events have on the children, meanwhile should also through effective psychological intervention and social support, improving the self-esteem, psychological resilience and positive coping tendencies of left-behind children, in order to reduce or prevent their aggressive behaviors.

As abiotic stresses become more severe as a result of global climate changes, the growth and development of plants are restricted. In the development of agricultural crops with greater stress tolerance, AmDUF1517 had been isolated from the highly stress-tolerant shrub Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, and can significantly enhance stress tolerance when inserted in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we inserted this gene into cotton to analyze its potential for conferring stress tolerance. Two independent transgenic cotton lines were used. Southern blot analyses indicated that AmDUF1517 was integrated into the cotton genome. Physiological analysis demonstrated that AmDUF1517-transgenic cotton had stronger resistance than the control when treated with salt, drought, and cold stresses. Further analysis showed that trans-AmDUF1517 cotton displayed significantly higher antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST)) activity and less reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which suggests that overexpression of AmDUF1517 can improve cotton resistance to stress by maintaining ROS homeostasis, as well as by alleviating cell membrane injury. These results imply that AmDUF1517 is a candidate gene in improving cotton resistance to abiotic stress.

Aims Drinking alcohol is prevalent worldwide; however, it is unknown whether alcohol could affect the antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel in patients when taking both concomitantly. This study was designed to investigate the influence of short-term standard alcohol consumption on the metabolic activation of and platelet response to clopidogrel in mice as well as the mechanisms involved. Main methods Male C57BL/6J mice were administered with normal saline (vehicle control) or alcohol at 2 g/kg/day for 7 days, and then gavaged with vehicle control or a single dose of clopidogrel at 10 mg/kg. Inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation and activation by clopidogrel, plasma concentrations of clopidogrel and its active metabolite H4, and changes in mRNA and protein expression of genes related to clopidogrel metabolism and its regulation were measured in mice pretreated with or without alcohol. Key findings Compared with vehicle control, alcohol pretreatment significantly reduced hydrolysis of clopidogrel as a result of significant down-regulation of Nrf2-mediated Ces1 expression (responsible for the formation of clopidogrel carboxylate), increased metabolic activation of clopidogrel due to significant up-regulation of Cyp2c (for the formation of active thiol metabolite H4), and consequently enhanced inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation and activation by clopidogrel. Significance Short-term standard alcohol consumption would significantly enhance suppression of ADP-induced platelet aggregation and activation by clopidogrel through significant inhibition of Nrf2/Ces1 signaling pathway and induction of Cyp2c, suggesting that alcohol may interact with drugs that are predominantly metabolized by CES1 or CYP2C in patient care, including clopidogrel.

The aim of the study was to investigate the expression and clinical significance of early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in the pituitary tumors of elderly patients. From January 2014 to December 2015, we collected 25 patient cases with non-invasive pituitary tumors, 10 cases with invasive pituitary tumors and 35 cases with healthy pituitary tissues (the healthy control group). Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of EGR-1 and PTEN, and analyze specific differences. The expression of EGR-1 and PTEN in patients with invasive and non-invasive pituitary tumors increased significantly, when compared with the healthy control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p

Graphene-like MoS 2 has attracted significant interest because of its unique electronic, optical and catalytic properties with two-dimensional lamellar structure. A novel intercalation-detonation method was used to prepare monolayer and multilayer graphene-like MoS 2 . MoS 2 was first completely intercalated by abundant oxygen-containing functional groups bonded to the sulfur atom layer in basal planes of the MoS 2 structure, increasing the layer spacing and decreasing the Van-der-Waals' force between the layers. Then, the intercalated MoS 2 was rapid exfoliated by high energy of detonation. Characterization results indicate that the graphene-like MoS 2 was successfully prepared by the explosion method. This type of processing is simple, highly efficient and generates fewer impurities.

The ages of the Shizuizi, Baojiashan and Duanjiaxia granites are poorly constrained. They are exposed along the southern segment of the Liupanshan fault system at the southwestern margin of the North China Craton. They form a NW-trending belt of coeval A-type granitic magmatism, characterized by high Si, alkalis, Rb/Sr, and Ga/Al. Their trace element characteristics include relative enrichments in K, Rb, and Th, and depletions in Ti, Ta, Nb, P, and Sr. Zircons from the granite yield U-Pb age of 1738 ± 15 Ma for the Baojiashan granite which has similar zircon U-Pb ages with Shizuizi (1778 Ma) and Duanjiaxia (1802 Ma) granites. The granite has negative εNd(t) of -22.5 to -20.0 and the two-stage model ages of 2.29 - 2.45 Ga. An analysis of the regional tectonics suggests that the granites were emplaced during Paleoproterozoic extension at the southwestern margin of North China Craton, where magmatism was caused by tectonic activity related to the development of the Helan aulacogen.