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Computer science (CS) has become a critical part of K-12 education worldwide. Computational thinking (CT) skills are a key set of competencies in CS education that can solve problems and use computational design to create useful solutions. However, preservice and in-service teachers are not fully prepared to integrate CS and CT into their curricula. Furthermore, there are limited special topic courses and educational research on how to facilitate in-service teachers' professional learning of CS and CT, as well as their content specific integration. Therefore, this study investigated in service teachers' perceptions and development of CT skills in an online graduate emerging technologies course. Theoretically framed by the four cornerstones of CT (i.e., abstraction, algorithms, decomposition, and pattern recognition), participants perceived that they increased their CT problem-solving and creativity skills but decreased their collaborative learning and critical thinking skills. Additionally, teachers increased their CT test scores after taking the course. Most teachers used CT terminology correctly (i.e., algorithms and decomposition). However, only 59% correctly described abstraction and pattern recognition, while most teachers did not mention debugging. The authors call on teacher educators to address in-service teachers' CS knowledge gaps, increase their CT skills, and select appropriate strategies for CT professional learning.

Abstract Newly approved subunit and mRNA vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) demonstrate effectiveness in preventing severe disease, with protection exceeding 80% primarily through the generation of antibodies. An alternative vaccine platform called self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) holds promise in eliciting humoral and cellular immune responses. We evaluate the immunogenicity of a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-formulated saRNA vaccine called SMARRT.RSV.preF, encoding a stabilized form of the RSV fusion protein, in female mice and in non-human primates (NHPs) that are either RSV-naïve or previously infected. Intramuscular vaccination with SMARRT.RSV.preF vaccine induces RSV neutralizing antibodies and cellular responses in naïve mice and NHPs. Importantly, a single dose of the vaccine in RSV pre-exposed NHPs elicits a dose-dependent anamnestic humoral immune response comparable to a subunit RSV preF vaccine. Notably, SMARRT.RSV.preF immunization significantly increases polyfunctional RSV.F specific memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells compared to RSV.preF protein vaccine. Twenty-four hours post immunization with SMARRT.RSV.preF, there is a dose-dependent increase in the systemic levels of inflammatory and chemotactic cytokines associated with the type I interferon response in NHPs, which is not observed with the protein vaccine. We identify a cluster of analytes including IL-15, TNFα, CCL4, and CXCL10, whose levels are significantly correlated with each other after SMARRT.RSV.preF immunization. These findings suggest saRNA vaccines have the potential to be developed as a prophylactic RSV vaccine based on innate, cellular, and humoral immune profiles they elicit.

Abstract To investigate the dynamic mechanical behavior and energy dissipation characteristics of low-temperature rock samples under cyclic impact loading, a temperature-controlled impact system that combines Hopkins bars with a low-temperature compensation device was used. Five temperature gradients were confirmed via a trial impact test, and impact tests were conducted under two kinds of impact air pressures. The macroscopic damage characteristics of rock samples under cyclic impact at different temperatures, dynamic stress-strain curves, changes in peak stress and strain, energy dissipation, and cumulative damage at different temperatures, and the macroscopic and microscopic structural characteristics of low-temperature rock samples after cyclic impact were analyzed in combination with damage. The findings indicated that low-temperature saturated granite primarily experienced tensile damage under cyclic impact loading, with the required number of impacts increasing with decreasing temperature, and rock samples exhibited freeze-induced brittleness and significantly increased fragmentation. The dynamic stress-strain curve generally exhibited rebound characteristics in the post-peak stage. With an increasing number of cycles, an overall decrease in peak stress was observed, whereas the peak strain and cumulative specific dissipated energy exhibited opposite trends. This trend was more pronounced at lower temperatures, with a significant increase in peak strain and specific energy amplitude. In addition, the cumulative damage factor of the rock samples increased at lower temperatures, consistent with macroscopic damage characteristics, and exhibited a negative correlation with peak stress. The degree of crack extension in the macroscopic samples corresponded with the observed fracture changes. Microanalysis (SEM) indicated that decreasing temperature resulted in freeze brittleness of the fracture surfaces, characterized by reduced flatness and an expansion of brittle cracks across the damage surface. The slip separation phenomenon became increasingly pronounced, and these observations were positively correlated with the cumulative damage value.

BackgroundFormaldehyde is a toxic gas. Automatic iodine analyzer is a high-throughput automatic instrument for measuring water and urine iodine, but at present, there is a lack of its application in the determination for air formaldehyde. ObjectiveTo develop a high-throughput method for air formaldehyde determination with an automated iodine analyzer. MethodsThe formaldehyde in the air was collected with an atmospheric sampler, and 1.0 mL of working curve solution, standard solution, and sample solution were loaded to an automated iodine analyzer. Solution resting time and instrumental parameters, including detection wavelength, sample needle depth, and regent2 (R2) reaction time were optimized. Finally, the method was validated by precision, detection and quantification limits, and spiked recovery. Four different concentrations of standard substance solutions and 10 air samples were collected for comparison between manual measurement method and high-throughput fully automated detection method. ResultsThe final optimized conditions in this study were: 2 h and above resting time for prepared solution, and the optimal parameters of the instrument work were: detection wavelength at 660 nm, sample needle depth at 2800, and R2 reaction time at 900 s. Under the optimized conditions the linear equation of the method was optical density(D) =0.9787 × formaldehyde concentration (C) − 0.0364 and the correlation coefficient was 1.0000. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.015 μg·mL−1 and 0.052 μg·mL−1 , respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the intra-day precision experiments were 1.35% and 1.18% for the two different concentrations of standard sample solutions. The RSDs of the inter-day precision experiments were 1.82% and 1.50%, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 96.8% to 107.4%. The results produced by spectrophotometry and automated detection method in the comparison study were identical, and the measurements of selected four concentrations of standard solutions were within the uncertainty range. ConclusionThe method established in this study features small solvent dosage, fully automated high throughput, comparable sensitivity to the national standard method, high accuracy, and inter-day and intra-day precision with a recovery rate above 96%. It can provide strong technical support for the determination of air formaldehyde.

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the common parameter space of dark matter and leptogenesis in the U(1) B−L symmetry. This model involves a complex scalar ϕ, sterile neutrinos N, and Majorana dark matter χ, where only dark matter χ is charged under the Z 2 symmetry. Masses of N and χ are generated via the Yukawa interactions to ϕ after breaking of the U(1) B−L symmetry. TeV scale sterile neutrinos N are responsible for the generation of baryon asymmetry through the resonance leptogenesis mechanism. The new particles in the U(1) B−L have a significant impact on the dilution of N, thus on leptogenesis. Meanwhile, the annihilation processes of dark matter χ are almost identical to that of N, which indicates that both leptogenesis and dark matter are closely related to satisfying the observed results simultaneously. Under various theoretical and experimental constraints, the viable common parameter space of dark matter and leptogenesis is obtained for both global and local U(1) B−L symmetry.

Online and blended learning (OBL) brings unique advantages to K-12 teachers and students. Thus, it is essential to prepare preservice teachers (PSTs) for designing effective K-12 OBL lessons in educator preparation programs (EPPs) so they can utilize OBL's distinctive characteristics to benefit their students immediately when they have their own classrooms. The purpose of this research is to introduce the design and implementation of this topic, K-12 OBL, into the stand-alone edtech course for middle grades PSTs. This study investigates PSTs' self-reported beliefs, technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) development, and lesson design scores. Results demonstrated that PSTs developed positive beliefs and some TPACK domains. The majority of PSTs designed blended lessons and demonstrated mastery in instructional materials, learning activities, and learner interactions, but needed to improve learning objectives, assessment and measurement, and accessibility and usability. PSTs developed positive beliefs and TPACK domains similarly despite the course modalities. Nevertheless, PSTs enrolled in the blended section had higher lesson design scores compared to their peers in the online section. Challenges, such as lack of time, depth, and content-specific knowledge, exist that prevent some preservice teachers from designing more effective lessons. The researcher argues that a technology infusion method should be used to prepare PSTs for OBL in EPPs. Practical strategies for integrating new topics into the edtech course are shared. Directions for future research on the effectiveness, challenges, and productive possibilities of coaching preservice teachers to design effective K-12 OBL lessons are also discussed.

Abstract Background Cryptococcosis is progressively acknowledged among people, irrespective of the human with or without immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This change in epidemiology has been recorded in recent years, prompting closer examination and a broader understanding of the disease manifestations and risk factors. Methods The data of cryptococcal infections in China during 11 years were retrospectively analyzed. According to the position of infection, the patients were categorized into the pulmonary infection group and extrapulmonary infection group. The composition of the two groups was compared, and the potential risk factors of disseminated infection were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to analyze the prognostic risk factors of the disease. Results A total of 165 patients were enrolled. 113 (68.5%) were male, and the age was 47.49 (18–82) years. 101 cases (61.2%) had a normal immune function and 64 cases (38.8%) had impaired immune function. 45 patients had extrapulmonary infection, involving the central nervous system, bone and joint, skin and bloodstream, and 120 patients had simple pulmonary infection. The mortality of the extrapulmonary infection group (48.9%) was significantly higher than that of the pulmonary infection group (0.8%). According to univariate logistic regression analysis, immune status (hazard ratio [HR], 4.476; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.725–11.618; P = 0.002), infection position ([HR], 113.826; [CI], 14.607-886.967; P

Abstract Disruption of ciliary homeostasis in vascular endothelial cells has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the molecular basis for the regulation of endothelial cilia during atherosclerosis remains poorly understood. Herein, we provide evidence in male mice that the accumulation of lipid droplets in vascular endothelial cells induces ciliary loss and contributes to atherosclerosis. Triglyceride accumulation in vascular endothelial cells differentially affects the abundance of free fatty acid species in the cytosol, leading to stimulated lipid droplet formation and suppressed protein S-palmitoylation. Reduced S-palmitoylation of ciliary proteins, including ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 13B, results in the loss of cilia. Restoring palmitic acid availability, either through pharmacological inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 or a palmitic acid-enriched diet, significantly restores endothelial cilia and mitigates the progression of atherosclerosis. These findings thus uncover a previously unrecognized role of lipid droplets in regulating ciliary homeostasis and provide a feasible intervention strategy for preventing and treating atherosclerosis.

Abstract The relationship between green and grey urban infrastructure, local meteorological conditions, and traffic-related air pollution is complex and dynamic. This case study examined the effect of evolving morphologies around a city square park in Dublin and explores the twin impacts of local urban development (grey) and maturing parks (green) on particulate matter (PM) pollution. A fixed air quality monitoring campaign and computational fluid dynamic modelling (ENVI-met) were used to assess current (baseline) and future scenarios. The baseline results presented the distribution of PM in the study area, with bimodal (PM2.5) and unimodal (PM10) diurnal profiles. The optimal vegetation height for air quality within the park also differed by wind direction with 21 m vegetation optimal for parallel winds (10.45% reduction) and 7 m vegetation optimal for perpendicular winds (30.36% reduction). Increased building heights led to higher PM2.5 concentrations on both footpaths ranging from 25.3 to 37.0% under perpendicular winds, whilst increasing the height of leeward buildings increased PM2.5 concentrations by up to 30.9% under parallel winds. The findings from this study provide evidence of the importance of more in-depth analysis of green and grey urban infrastructure in the urban planning decision-making process to avoid deteriorating air quality conditions around city square parks.

Abstract DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression, and for mammals typically occurs on cytosines within CpG dinucleotides. A significant challenge for methylation detection methods is accurately measuring methylation levels within GC-rich regions such as gene promoters, as inaccuracies compromise downstream biological interpretation of the data. To address this challenge, we compared methylation levels assayed using four different Methods Enzymatic Methyl-seq (EM-seq), whole genome bisulphite sequencing (WGBS), Infinium arrays (Illumina MethylationEPIC, “EPIC”), and Oxford Nanopore Technologies nanopore sequencing (ONT) applied to human DNA. Overall, all methods produced comparable and consistent methylation readouts across the human genome. The flexibility offered by current gold standard WGBS in interrogating genome-wide cytosines is surpassed technically by both EM-seq and ONT, as their coverages and methylation readouts are less prone to GC bias. These advantages are tempered by increased laboratory time (EM-seq) and higher complexity (ONT). We further assess the strengths and weaknesses of each method, and provide recommendations in choosing the most appropriate methylation method for specific scientific questions or translational needs.

Abstract Background To explore the impact of ARGs on the prognosis of NSCLC, and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and immune microenvironment. Preliminary research on the biological functions of CEBPA in NSCLC. Methods Using consensus clustering analysis to identify molecular subtypes of ARGs in NSCLC patients; employing LASSO regression and multivariate Cox analysis to select 7 prognostic risk genes and construct a prognostic risk model; validating independent prognostic factors of NSCLC using forest plot analysis; analyzing immune microenvironment correlations using ESTIMATE and ssGSEA; assessing correlations between prognostic risk genes via qPCR and Western blot in NSCLC; measuring mRNA and protein expression levels of knocked down and overexpressed CEBPA in NSCLC using CCK-8 and EdU assays; evaluating the effects of knocked down and overexpressed CEBPA on cell proliferation using Transwell experiments; examining the correlation of CEBPA with T cells and B cells using mIHC analysis. Results Consensus clustering analysis identified three molecular subtypes, suggesting significant differential expression of these ARGs in NSCLC prognosis and clinical pathological parameters. There was significant differential expression between the two risk groups in the prognostic risk model, with P

Abstract Spalling, a common failure mechanism of gear systems, greatly affects the dynamics of gears operation, which is reflected in the time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS). Current TVMS models often overestimate the asymmetric spalling phenomenon and may lead to inaccuracy in identifying and predicting the spalling failure. To address this problem, in this paper, a new stiffness, namely torsional stiffness, is introduced to quantify the effect of asymmetric spalling defects, and an equivalent stiffness calculation method for different asymmetric shapes is proposed. Based on this, a shape-independent TVMS model is constructed, which can realize the fast calculation of TVMS for spalling defects with different shapes at arbitrary asymmetric locations. Furthermore, a FEM-based validation method is developed by considering diverse loading states and improving the current result extraction method. Case studies are presented to illustrate the proposed model and to analyze the effects of different types of asymmetric spalling defects on gear dynamics. The FEM validation has shown that the proposed model has a good effectiveness.

Abstract Objective To identify recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) after discontinuation of anticoagulation in patients with isolated distal deep vein thrombosis based on its anatomic localization (axial or muscular veins). Methods Data were sourced from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases in the time period up to October 2023. The study followed PRISMA guidelines using a registered protocol (CRD42023443029). Studies reporting recurrent VTE in patients with axial or muscular DVT were included in the analysis. Results Five studies with a total of 1,403 participants were evaluated. The results showed a pooled odds ratio of 1.12 (95% confidence interval 0.77–1.63) between axial and muscular DVT. Heterogeneity was low (I2 = 0%, p = 0.91) and there was no significant difference in the rate of recurrent VTE between axial and muscular DVT in each subgroup. Conclusions Muscular and axial DVT showed comparable recurrent VTE rates after anticoagulation. However, uncertainties regarding the possibility of recurrence affecting the popliteal vein or resulting in pulmonary embolism following muscular DVT anticoagulation persisted. Randomized trials in patients with isolated distal DVT are still needed to clarify its prognosis for different anatomical thrombus locations.

Background Shenghui Yizhi Decoction (SHYZD) has exhibited the capacity to enhance cognitive function and learning abilities in individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) while ameliorating pre-existing neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism underlying its therapeutic effects on AD remains to be elucidated.Methods Twenty-four male SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into three groups, and eight male SAMR1 mice were used as a blank control, to examine their learning and spatial memory abilities. The expression of amyloid β1-42 (Aβ1-42) was detected by immunohistochemical staining of hippocampal tissue. ELISA was used to detect the interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expressions. Real time PCR was used to detect NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3), cysteine protease-1 (Caspase-1), and IL-1β mRNA expression. Western blot was used to detect nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), inhibitor of NF-κB α (IκBα), IκB kinase α (IKKα), NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β protein expression.Results In this study, SAMP8 mice, employed as an AD model, displayed markedly diminished abilities in terms of spatial localization, navigation, and spatial exploration when compared to the blank control group. Additionally, there was a substantial upregulation of Aβ1-42 expression in the hippocampus of these mice, along with a significant increase in the levels of inflammation-associated factors, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, NLRP3, Caspase-1, as well as the NF-κB pathway-related proteins, namely, NF-κB, IκBα, and IKKα. Moreover, after treatment with positive drugs (donepezil hydrochloride) and SHYZD, the learning abilities of the mice exhibited significant improvements. Furthermore, the hallmark AD protein Aβ1-42, inflammatory factors, and NF-κB/NLRP3 signalling pathway proteins were significantly reduced. These findings collectively suggest that SHYZD exerts a therapeutic effect on AD.Conclusion In summary, the specific molecular mechanisms through which SHYZD alleviates AD and the potential role for SHYZD in the NF-κB/NLRP3 signalling pathway are identified in this study.

Objective: To explore the effect of a positive psychology intervention based on the PERMA model on depressive mood and the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: A total of 60 patients with PD with depression hospitalised between February 2022 and February 2023 were selected using a convenience sampling method. They were divided into a study group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases) using the random number table method. The control group was given routine nursing, whereas the observation group was treated using the PERMA model of positive psychological intervention. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Parkinson's Disease Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (PDQ-39), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) scores were collected and compared before and after the intervention, and patient care satisfaction after the intervention was also recorded and compared. Results: Statistically significant differences were identified in the UPDRS (t = 4.221, p

Lipomas are the most prevalent benign soft-tissue tumours, however, pedunculated fibrolipoma in the buttock is rare. Here, the case of a Chinese male patient in his early 70s with a 50-year history of a growing pedunculated fibrolipoma on his right buttock is presented. The attending physician and the registered nurse collaborated on a treatment plan, leading to a successful resection with rhomboid flap transfer. The operation went smoothly, and with continued home care and follow-ups, the patient recovered well, without complications. At 4 months post-surgery, the incision had healed perfectly, boosting the patient’s psychological state and allowing him to resume his daily activities unhindered.

Community-based learning (CBL), also known as service learning (SL), provides students with an active and meaningful learning environment and has been studied in STEM courses for several decades. Chemistry for the Community is a novel chemistry curriculum that weaves service-learning projects throughout multiple courses, including gateway courses, and allows students to build self-efficacy and transferable skills. Over a three-year period, students experienced multiple projects while enrolled in two-semester general and organic chemistry courses and one-semester organic survey, environmental, and analytical chemistry courses. Student experiences, gathered by surveys, reflections, and interviews, were compared to those of students conducting equivalent non-SL projects, as well as projects conducted virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Public communication and community partner interaction emerged as major themes from the data and were explored through the lens of self-determination theory. Results indicate that students were anxious about their role but were motivated by community partner interaction. Project completion corresponded to an increase in self-efficacy regarding similar future tasks with students perceiving benefits of multiple experiences.

Abstract Heat shuttling phenomenon is characterized by the presence of a non-zero heat flow between two bodies without net thermal bias on average. It was initially predicted in the context of nonlinear heat conduction within atomic lattices coupled to two time-oscillating thermostats. Recent theoretical works revealed an analog of this effect for heat exchanges mediated by thermal photons between two solids having a temperature dependent emissivity. In this paper, we present the experimental proof of this effect using systems made with composite materials based on phase change materials. By periodically modulating the temperature of one of two solids we report that the system akin to heat pumping with a controllable heat flow direction. Additionally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of a simultaneous modulation of two temperatures to control both the strength and direction of heat shuttling by exploiting the phase delay between these temperatures. These results show that this effect is promising for an active thermal management of solid-state technology, to cool down solids, to insulate them from their background or to amplify heat exchanges.

Abstract The neutrinophilic two Higgs doublet model is one of the simplest models to explain the origin of tiny Dirac neutrino masses. This model introduces a new Higgs doublet with eV scale VEV to naturally generate the tiny neutrino masses. Depending on the same Yukawa coupling, the neutrino oscillation patterns can be probed with the dilepton signature from the decay of charged scalar $$H^\pm $$ H ± . For example, the normal hierarchy predicts BR $$(H^+\rightarrow e^+\nu )\ll $$ ( H + → e + ν ) ≪ BR $$(H^+\rightarrow \mu ^+\nu )\approx $$ ( H + → μ + ν ) ≈ BR $$(H^+\rightarrow \tau ^+\nu )\simeq 0.5$$ ( H + → τ + ν ) ≃ 0.5 when the lightest neutrino mass is below 0.01 eV, while the inverted hierarchy predicts BR $$(H^+\rightarrow e^+\nu )/2\simeq $$ ( H + → e + ν ) / 2 ≃ BR $$(H^+\rightarrow \mu ^+\nu )\simeq $$ ( H + → μ + ν ) ≃ BR $$(H^+\rightarrow \tau ^+\nu )\simeq 0.25$$ ( H + → τ + ν ) ≃ 0.25 . By precise measurement of BR $$(H^+\rightarrow \ell ^+\nu )$$ ( H + → ℓ + ν ) , we are hopefully to probe the lightest neutrino mass and the atmospheric mixing angle $$\theta _{23}$$ θ 23 . Through the detailed simulation of the dilepton signature and corresponding backgrounds, we find that the 3 TeV CLIC could discover $$M_{H^+}\lesssim 1220$$ M H + ≲ 1220 GeV for NH and $$M_{H^+}\lesssim 1280$$ M H + ≲ 1280 GeV for IH. Meanwhile, the future 100 TeV FCC-hh collider could probe $$M_{H^+}\lesssim 1810$$ M H + ≲ 1810 GeV for NH and $$M_{H^+}\lesssim 2060$$ M H + ≲ 2060 GeV for IH.

Abstract Objective To compare the predictive efficacy of the PADUA and Caprini models for pulmonary embolism (PE) in gynecological inpatients, analyze the risk factors for PE, and validate whether both models can effectively predict mortality rates. Methods A total of 355 gynecological inpatients who underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) were included in the retrospective analysis. The comparative assessment of the predictive capabilities for PE between the PADUA and Caprini was carried out using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with PE. Additionally, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis plots were generated to validate the predictive efficacy for mortality rates. Results Among 355 patients, the PADUA and Caprini demonstrated the area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.757 and 0.756, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the AUC between the two models (P = 0.9542). Multivariate logistic analysis revealed immobility (P

Abstract Purpose Cancer is a leading cause of global childhood mortality, affecting 400,000 children annually. While treatable with modern therapies, children living in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) have limited access to care and lower survival rates. Hospital‐based cancer registries (HBCRs) collect detailed patient information to critically evaluate and evolve care. The St. Jude Global Childhood Cancer Analytics Resource and Epidemiological Surveillance System (SJCARES) is a cloud‐based HBCR network facilitating quality data collection of pediatric cancer. Wide variation in the success of implementation has warranted further research into the implementation approach, to create a sustainable and adaptable HBCR in LMICs. Methods Seven of 89 sites using the SJCARES registry were selected, stratified by global region and stage of implementation. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with key groups (clinicians, administrators, data clerks) using an interview guide developed from the Consolidation Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Interviews were conducted via a video‐telephone software program and transcribed by a transcription service. Transcripts were thematically coded using rapid qualitative analysis. Results A total of 18 participants (11 clinicians, 4 administrators, 3 data clerks) were interviewed. Several barrier themes were identified, including: difficulty integrating the registry into existing workflow; lack of resources; lack of government or administrative support; and damaged, misplaced, or illegible medical records. Facilitator themes were identified, including: internal support for the registry; clear and extensive training; and dedicated support staff. Conclusion Interviewed participants identified key barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the SJCARES registry across multiple phases. We plan to use these results to develop targeted implementation strategies including a readiness assessment tool to help guide more successful implementation of the SJCARES registry and other HBCRs in LMICs.

PurposeLung cancer is a devastating disease, with brain metastasis being one of the most common distant metastases of lung adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic characteristics of individuals with brain metastases originating from invasive lung adenocarcinoma of distinct pathological subtypes, providing a reference for the management of these patients.MethodsClinical data from 156 patients with lung adenocarcinoma-derived brain metastases were collected, including age, sex, smoking status, Karnofsky Performance Status scores, pathological subtype, lymph node metastasis, tumor site, treatment mode, T stage, and N stage. Patients were classified into two groups (highly differentiated and poorly differentiated) based on their pathological subtypes. Propensity score matching was used to control for confounding factors. The prognostic value of pathological subtypes was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling.ResultsKaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients in the moderately to highly differentiated group had better prognoses. Multivariate analysis revealed that being in the poorly differentiated group was a risk factor for poorer prognosis. Thoracic tumor radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery positively influenced the time interval between lung cancer diagnosis and brain metastasis.ConclusionsThe pathological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma-derived brain metastases are associated with patient prognosis. Patients in the poorly differentiated group have worse prognoses compared to those in the moderately to highly differentiated group. Therefore, patients in the poorly differentiated group may require more frequent follow-ups and aggressive treatment.

Sake may potentially halt the progression of Parkinson's disease due to its properties, yet no studies have explored its effects. This preliminary study aimed to assess the impact of sake supplementation on Parkinson's disease using a zebrafish model. Sixty fish were divided into six groups: control, rotenone (ROT), and groups administered rotenone along with sake at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L (25S, 50S, 75S, and 100S). After 28 days of treatment, behavioral responses and the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and COX-2, were evaluated. The results indicated that rotenone administration significantly reduced crossing number (P = 0.001), entries in the top area (P = 0.001), and time spent in the top area (P = 0.001). It also markedly increased levels of TBARS and SH compared to the control group (P = 0.001). Rotenone significantly decreased CAT, SOD, and GSH activities while increasing GST levels. Furthermore, it upregulated the expressions of TNF-α (P = 0.001), IL-1β (P = 0.001), and COX-2 (P = 0.001). Supplementation with sake, particularly at higher doses, reversed the adverse effects of rotenone on behavioral, oxidative, and inflammatory responses. In conclusion, sake shows promise for preventing Parkinson's disease pending further clinical studies.

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in detecting pathogens from joint infection (JI) synovial fluid (SF) samples with previous antibiotic exposure.MethodsFrom January 2019 to January 2022, 59 cases with suspected JI were enrolled. All cases had antibiotic exposure within 2 weeks before sample collection. mNGS and conventional culture were performed on SF samples. JI was diagnosed based on history and clinical symptoms in conjunction with MSIS criteria. The diagnostic values, including sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive values (PPV/NPV), and accuracy, were in comparison with mNGS and culture.ResultsThere were 47 of the 59 cases diagnosed with JI, while the remaining 12 were diagnosed with non-infectious diseases. The sensitivity of mNGS was 68.1%, which was significantly higher than that of culture (25.5%, p