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The data regarding the application of motivational interviewing techniques (MITs) in the treatment of obese adolescents contain conflicting results. The case examined in this study belongs to a patient who was advised to diet and exercise and given medication for 5 years in the examination by a dietician and various outpatient clinics. However, the patient did not comply with the diet or use medication regularly, so weight gain continued. Laboratory tests showed the presence of insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis. The patient was sedentary, uncomfortable with their weight, and had limited family and peer relationships. The patient's BMI SDS was 3.7, with the physical examination showing the presence of acanthosis nigricans, striae, and mild kyphosis. MITs were conducted every 15 days for the first 3 months, and then once a month. At the end of the two-year follow-up, the patient's weight had decreased to 62 kg (BMI = 24.2 kg/m2, +1.15 SDS), and their family-peer relationships had improved. MITs are a treatment method healthcare teams should use for treating obesity in adolescents. MITs are also effective for the accompanying psychopathologies. Conducting frequent interviews in the early stages of obesity treatment may result in more positive findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child marriage, which is seen as both a global public health and social problem, is defined as marriage before the age of 18 years. Gender inequality, migration and wars, economic problems, lack of education, and non-deterrent laws are the main causes of child marriage. Child marriage in our country, and other places where child marriage is still commonplace, is a breach of the widely recognized human rights of the child. Prevention of this breach requires effective and target-oriented counter-measures. At the same time, to achieve sustainable change, problems should be analyzed and solutions should be provided with programmed and multi-layered components. It should not be forgotten that "the child is not a bride, the place for the child is in school and the playground." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Child / Çocuk Dergisi is the property of Journal of Child and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Our aim was to determine the prevalence of maternal and neonatal vitamin B12 (vit-B12) and folate deficiencies, a new cutoff value of serum vit-B12 in newborns using vit-B12-related metabolites and also cutoff values of homocysteine (Hcy), propionyl (C3) carnitine, and methyl malonic acid (MMA) in newborns using a vit-B12 cutoff value of 200 pg/mL.Methods: Healthy pregnant women (without iron deficiency) and 98 healthy, term, singleton babies were included. Blood samples were obtained from women 0-8 h before birth and from cord blood during birth for hemogram and to measure serum vit-B12, folate, and Hcy levels. Maternal and cord blood serum vit-B12 levels were classified as low < 200 pg/mL, marginal 200-300 pg/mL, and normal ≥ 300 pg/mL. Neonatal urine MMA levels were analyzed in mothers with a vit-B12 concentration < 300 pg/mL. C3 carnitine levels of newborns were acquired from extended newborn screening. Receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) analysis was used for serum vit-B12, urine MMA, C3 carnitine, and Hcy.Results: Of total, 98 pregnant women (28.6 ± 5.5-year-old) and 98 newborn were included. Vit-B12 level was lower than 300 pg/mL in 93% of the pregnant women and 61% of cord blood samples. Folate deficiency was not found in either group. There was statistically significant negative correlation between baby C3 carnitine, cord blood folate (r = -0.265, p = .008) and cord blood vit-B12 (r = -0.220, p = .029). In backward stepwise linear regression analysis, maternal vit-B12 level exerted the most marked effect on cord blood vit-B12 level (adjusted R2 = 0.457). In ROC analysis, the Hcy cutoff value was 4.77 µmol/L (68.4% sensitivity, 58.3% specificity, p = .012) for the detection of vit-B12 deficiency.Conclusion: Vit-B12 deficiency remains an important health issue for pregnant women and newborns. Our study revealed a cutoff value for Hcy for the detection of nutritional vit-B12 deficiency that could be used in practice for newborns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a linear advection–diffusion equation described by Atangana–Baleanu derivative with non-singular Mittag-Leffler kernel is considered. The Cauchy, Dirichlet and source problems are formulated on the half-line. The main motivation of this work is to find the fundamental solutions of prescribed problems. For this purpose, Laplace transform method with respect to time t and sine/cosine-Fourier transform methods with respect to spatial coordinate x are applied. It is remarkable that the obtained results are quite similar to the existing fundamental solutions of advection–diffusion equation with time-Caputo fractional derivative. Although the results are mathematically similar in both formulations, the AB derivative is a non-singular operator and provides a significant advantage in the computational processes. Therefore, it is preferable to replace the Caputo derivative in modelling such diffusive transports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Injection drug use is a gradually increasing mode of transmission for hepatitis C virus (HCV) among adolescents and young adults. In our analysis, we aimed to present some demographic data, treatment compliance and responses, and HCV genotype analyses of the opioid-dependent adolescents and young adults who were referred to a gastroenterology clinic. Methods: 36 patients with injection drug use (between 17 and 30 years of age) found to be HCV RNA-positive were included in the study. Twenty-one patients were residing in prison and HCV infection was identified during screenings performed in prison. Sociodemographic data and laboratory findings including complete blood count, alanine aminotransferase, aspartat aminotransferase, HCV genotype and HCV RNA level were evaluated retrospectively. Information about therapeutic response of patients and their compliance with therapy were obtained from patient files. For patients in prison, their access to treatment was controlled every 2 weeks by getting in contact with prison physicians. Patients were divided into two groups, aged 17-24 years and 25-30 years, and they were compared in terms of HCV genotype and HCV RNA levels. Results: 35 (97%) of the patients were male. The mean age was 24.5±3.6 years. Of patients, 22 (61.1%), 12 (33.3%) and 2 (5.6%) were infected with HCV genotypes 1a, 3 and 2, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between age groups with regards to HCV genotype and HCV RNA levels. Pre-treatment HCV RNA levels of HCV genotypes 1a and 3 patients were also similar. Except one patient, all patients were treated with pegylated interferon-αand ribavirin. HCV RNA had become negative in 17 (47.2%) of the patients at the end of treatment. Treatment response was not obtained in 12 (33.3%) of the patients. Optimal treatment could not be given to 7 (19.4%) patients because of incompliance and/or refusal of treatment. There were no compliance problems with oral antiviral and HCV RNA negativity developed after treatment. Conclusions: Screening, follow-up, and regular treatment of HCV infection is important in youth with injection drug use. Young people, especially those in prison, should be considered more carefully in this regard. In this study, HCV genotype 1a was found the most frequent agent in addicted youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: A recent improvement was made on the law regulating maternity leave in 2011 in Turkey. The leave without pay period was increased, the right to stop working on night shifts was granted, and work hours were improved. It is a known fact that returning to work is a barrier against exclusive and total breastfeeding duration. Legal regulations have crucial importance on the ability of working mothers to breastfeed their infants. The aim of this study was to calculate the effect of the improved law on breastfeeding rates among female physicians. Moreover, the difference in the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and total breastfeeding were evaluated in relation to the new law. Material and Methods: Three of the major hospitals in Istanbul were included in the study. A pilot study was planned and our questionnaire was tried. The actual study included 40 female physicians from each hospital. Mothers who went through antenatal or postnatal complications were excluded from the study. Infants who required intensive care after birth or were never breastfed were similarly excluded. A total of 109 female physician resident mothers' questionnaires were included in the study. Results: The effects of the improvement in the law were statistically significant on the duration of maternity leave and improved working hours after returning to work (OR: 2.74 and OR: 2.52). Exclusive breastfeeding rates and total breastfeeding for more than 12 months significantly increased after the new law (OR: 4.47 and OR: 2.56). Conclusions: This study showed that legal improvements did reflect on positive outcomes. There is more to be done, especially with condition of the work places and distributing rights equally to women practicing in surgical disciplines as well. If the physicians can breastfeed after they become mothers, their experience may affect their breastfeeding advocacy and the guidance they will provide for their patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Child / Çocuk Dergisi is the property of Journal of Child and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: Despite the fact that the frequency of stillbirth is estimated to be about the same as that of early neonatal deaths, stillbirth records and statistics are not kept on a regular basis worldwide and their causes cannot be determined. The aim of our study was to examine the causes and characteristics of stillbirths in Istanbul. Material and Methods: All death certificates of 2011 archived in 8 District Cemetery Directorships, which manage 322 cemeteries within the boundaries of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, were examined. Based on the burial licences, weight, gestational weeks, the main cause and causes of death related to stillbirth were analyzed. Cervical insuf- ficieny, placenta abnormalities, preeclampsia, complications of multiple pregnancy, chronic diseases of mothers, conditions including malignancy in mothers were evaluated under the title of "maternal and gestational causes." Intrapartum infections, meconium aspiration, and asphyxia were evaluated under the title of "perinatal causes." Results: A total of 2078 stillbirths and 128 abortus records were found among the death certificates. Nineteen of the abortus records and 109 stillbirths were misidentified. A total of 1988 stillbirth records were examined, of which 68.4% were low-birth-weight babies (<2 500 g). Approximately three quarters of the stillbirths were moderately preterm and extremely preterm babies, whereas 10% were at or more than 37 gestastional weeks. The cause of death was not known in 30% of the stillbirths. Conclusions: The cause of death was not known in a significant portion of stillbirths in Istanbul. Recordings should be made more meticulosuly directed to the cause of death. The cause of stillbirth in term babies is another research subject. Regional and global epidemiologic studies are needed to understand the causes of stillbirths and thus to take necessary precautions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Current guidelines recommend vitamin D supplementation during the adolescence period. Studies showed that the deficiencies of vitamins D and B12 are common in children in developing countries. On the other hand it is important to have optimum levels of vitamin D and B12 during the puberty. This study aims to evaluate the vitamin D and vitamin B12 levels of adolescents admitted to the outpatient department. Material and Method: The study was carried out in the Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Adolescent Health outpatient clinic between January to December 2014. The records of the adolescents aged 10-20 years were analyzed retrospectively. Of 187 adolescents were evaluated for vitamin 25 OH D and 219 were evaluated for vitamin B12. Results: Of 187 adolescents 56% had 25-OH vitamin D level =20 ng/ml, and 36% between 20-30 ng/ml. There were no statistically significant difference between genders or months in a year. Serum vitamin B12 levels were below the optimal level (<300 pg/mL) in one-third of adolescents (n=78). Conclusion: Vitamin D and vitamin B12 deficiencies were significantly high among adolescents attending to the outpatient department with various medical reasons. Adolescents should be considered risky in terms of lack of vitamin D and vitamin B12 levels, especially in metropolitan cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term adolescence comprises of multiple factors including adolescent’s thoughts feelings, behavioral characteristics, family structure, health and nutritional conditions, geographical features, climate, culture, and society. Therefore multidisciplinary professional approach is required in this special period. One of these disciplines is the social work discipline. Social work interferes with adolescents, as in the all applicant groups, with the formulation of “psycho-social diagnosis and treatment”. Psychosocial assessment can not be used in place of medical treatment but supports medical treatment. The professional intervention of the social worker with the psychosocial formula in adolescents and families is very meaningful in terms of their continuing quality of life and well-being, and this contribution is also transferred to social refinement. The focus of social work is the “individual in the periphery” . In this review, the aim is to reveal the role of social worker in evaluating adolescent in micro-, and mezzo perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vaccination is one of the most effective implementation for the protection and maintenance of healthy state. It is important to immunize children against vaccine p reventable diseases for healthy growth and development. In recent years some familie s have concerns about vaccination because of different causes which may affect their acceptance of vaccination. Therefore, examination of the causes that may affect vaccine acceptance may contribute to reinforcing vaccination practices and alleviate hesitancy against vaccination. In this review, it is aimed to synthesise studies and publications about factors that can affect vaccination acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Errors in complementary feeding may lead to important problems in child's physical and mental development. In this study, we aimed to investigate feeding practices, attitudes and knowledge of mothers with infants aged 20-36 months, who attended the outpatient departments. Materials and Methods: Research was performed in the center of Iğdır and the town of Iğdır called Tuzluca. Two hundred three mothers with children aged 20 to 36 months that attended Iğdır and Tuzluca State Hospitals between June-July 2012 constituted the study population. A questionnaire consisting of 11 questions was administered. Questions were asked in detail by a physician. Results: Seventy percent of mothers had breastfed their babies within 1 hour after birth, 92% within 1-24 hours. All mothers thought that breastfeeding was the best for their babies. The mean duration of breastfeeding was 17.0±8.0 months, complementary feeding was started at 6.4 months. Twenty two mothers began to give complementary foods to their babies before 6 months, 51% at 6 months, 15.7% between 6-9 months, and 11% at 9 months and later. The first choice as a complementary food was homemade yogurt (67%) and the second was yoghurt from market (47%). Vegetables and fruit puree were not among the first choices of complementary foods. Sixty three percent of mothers received information from people around (mother, mother-in-law, sister-in-law, neighbor, etc.), 31% of from health personnel in the family health centers. Conclusions: Mothers in Iğdır and Tuzluca seemed to need counseling about complementary feeding. Health workers with current and practical knowledge should give accurate information to mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Calvarial lesions are often detected incidentally in routine radiology. Most lytic lesions of the skull are benign. Enlarged parietal foramina are benign lesions caused by deficient intramembranous ossification. Case Report: An 11 month-old female patient was admitted with a mass on the right of the back of the head. Physical examination showed a soft 5 cm mass area with no palpable bone in the right occipital. The family history revealed a similar mass in a maternal cousin that resolved over time. Craniography showed lytic lesions, and there were no other pathologies on a complete skeletal X-ray. Computed tomography (CT) showed regular-shaped defects in the bilateral temporal bones, right parietal bone, bilateral frontal bones in the upper-medial orbital wall, and particularly in the occipital bone. The well-defined contours, absence of a soft tissue component, and normal structure and density of the adjacent calvarial bones all pointed to a congenital defect. No change in the lesions was observed during a three-year ultrasound follow-up period. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first described case of multiple occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal foramina in the cranium. A diagnosis of enlarged parietal foramina variant should be considered after ruling out the differential diagnosis in patients with multiple calvarial lesions. CT may provide valuable findings for the differential diagnosis, and sonography may be used for follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]