Search

The epitaxial growth of single-crystal thin films relies on the availability of a single-crystal substrate and a strong interaction between epilayer and substrate. Previous studies have reported the roles of the substrate (

The wettability of graphene is critical for numerous applications but is very sensitive to its surface cleanness. Herein, by clarifying the impact of intrinsic contamination, i.e., amorphous carbon, which is formed on the graphene surface during the high-temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, the hydrophilic nature of clean graphene grown on single-crystal Cu(111) substrate was confirmed by both experimental and theoretical studies, with an average water contact angle of ∼23°. Furthermore, the wettability of as-transferred graphene was proven to be highly dependent on its intrinsic cleanness, because of which the hydrophilic, clean graphene exhibited improved performance when utilized for cell culture and cryoelectron microscopy imaging. This work not only validates the intrinsic hydrophilic nature of graphene but also provides a new insight in developing advanced bioapplications using CVD-grown clean graphene films.

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has become a promising approach for the industrial production of graphene films with appealing controllability and uniformity. However, in the conventional hot-wall CVD system, CVD-derived graphene films suffer from surface contamination originating from the gas-phase reaction during the high-temperature growth. Shown here is that the cold-wall CVD system is capable of suppressing the gas-phase reaction, and achieves the superclean growth of graphene films in a controllable manner. The as-received superclean graphene film, exhibiting improved optical and electrical properties, was proven to be an ideal candidate material used as transparent electrodes and substrate for epitaxial growth. This study provides a new promising choice for industrial production of high-quality graphene films, and the finding about the engineering of the gas-phase reaction, which is usually overlooked, will be instructive for future research on CVD growth of graphene.

To determine the Dysgonia stuposa mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) structure and to clarify its phylogenetic position, the entire mitogenome of D. stuposa was sequenced and annotated. The D. stuposa mitogenome is 15,721 bp in size and contains 37 genes (protein-coding genes, transfer RNA genes, ribosomal RNA genes) usually found in lepidopteran mitogenomes. The newly sequenced mitogenome contained some common features reported in other Erebidae species, e.g., an A+T biased nucleotide composition and a non-canonical start codon for cox1 (CGA). Like other insect mitogenomes, the D. stuposa mitogenome had a conserved sequence ‘ATACTAA’ in an intergenic spacer between trnS2 and nad1, and a motif ‘ATAGA’ followed by a 20 bp poly-T stretch in the A+T rich region. Phylogenetic analyses supported D. stuposa as part of the Erebidae family and reconfirmed the monophyly of the subfamilies Arctiinae, Catocalinae and Lymantriinae within Erebidae.

Since its first successful isolation over a decade ago, academic and industrial interest has triggered the steady progress of the commercialization of graphene, as evidenced by a wealth of graphene-related patents, products, institutes, and startups. Among currently available graphene materials, graphene films derived from chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques, with fine controllability and uniformity, have been proven to be a promising candidate for various applications, with exciting demonstrations in electronics, optoelectronics, sensors, and filtering membrane. In this review, recent progress toward the commercialization of CVD films is summarized, covering the state-of-the-art methods for controllable synthesis, up-scale technologies for mass production, and demonstrations in potential commercial applications, which will propel the successful commercialization of graphene films by transforming the laboratory-scale advances. Moreover, a brief summary of the current market of CVD graphene films is provided with regarding to the commercial graphene products and production equipment. Finally, a perspective on the critical challenges and future direction of CVD graphene films will be presented.