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Adequate intakes of calcium and magnesium in water have been found to reduce the risk of some diseases (cardiovascular, diabetes, rectal cancer, neurological disturbances and pre-eclemsia in women) especially where adequate amount of these ions are not supplemented in foods. The dependence on waters abstracted directly from hand dug wells and other sources without any form of treatment and or regulation are of great concern to the health of humans and animals. Groundwater abstracted from hand dug wells and hand pumps without any form of treatment, are the main sources of water supply for rural inhabitants of central Plateau State, Nigeria. The aim of this study was to map out the distribution of calcium and magnesium using GIS in parts of central Plateau State. Multivariate analysis to explain the variation of these ions in aquifers of the area was also employed. Four rock types constitute the aquifers from which water is abstracted for drinking (migmatite, biotite granite, granite gneiss and basalts) exhibiting variations in their contents of calcium and magnesium. Averagely, content of calcium and magnesium are higher in the migmatite compared to the other rock types. Generally the total content of calcium in both foods and water do not meet the recommended daily intake of 1000 mg for an adult. Although, magnesium is quite low in 90% of water points, the daily recommended daily intake of 200 - 400 mg for adult is supplemented in (Zea Mays, and sorghum) staple foods consumed daily by every household in the area. There is the need for calcium supplements in the area to meet the recommended daily intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Akure is underlain by the basement complex rocks of southwestern Nigeria. It is faced with difficulty in the search for groundwater due to lateral discontinuity of basement lithologies. This study therefore delineates possible groundwater potential zones through the integration of remote sensing and electrical resistivity data. Landsat TM data was digitally processed and used to produce lineament, lineament density and intersection maps while hydrogeological parameters were obtained from electrical resistivity method and used in the production of overburden/fractured map. Weighted overlay method was utilized in ArcGIS® in order to integrate the two maps so as to produce groundwater potential map of the study area. The groundwater potential map showed four major areas of groundwater potentials viz; very low, low, high and very high groundwater potential areas. An average of 0.9445litres of groundwater is discharge per second in the area i.e., approximately 3, 400litres per hour of groundwater is disharge in th area. However, a critical analysis of borehole yields show that boreholes with the poorest yields pump at a rate of between 0.2 to 0.5 l/s which is higly inadequate while very good boreholes pump at the rate of 1.14 to 2.16 l/s. Infact, most areas with good yields are cited in the southwestern portions of the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence suggests that physical activity and alcohol use are positively related among young adults. Two studies have examined daily relations, and results have shown conflicting findings. We examined relations between physical activity and alcohol use at both within- and between-individual levels and investigated moderators of the relation at both levels. 269 college students wore accelerometers to collect physical activity data over a 2-week period. At the end of each day, they indicated whether or not they drank alcohol. Multilevel logistic regression indicated neither within- nor between-subject relations were statistically significant. Positive affect, negative affect, and drinking motives moderated these relations at the between-subject level. Contrary to previous research, we did not observe a relation between physical activity and alcohol use at the daily level. Unique features of the current study suggest next steps for future research examining the perplexing PA-alcohol relation in this population.

Inmates remain a vulnerable group at elevated risk for suicide, especially in light of stresses associated with incarceration. Despite the elevated risk for inmates, suicide prevention practices in corrections remain tenuous at best. The present article reviews literature on risk and protective factors for suicide among inmates as well as current recommended best practices. It then provides directions for suicide prevention provision, training, and research in correctional settings. These include adaptations for security staff of current empirically supported models of suicide risk training and intervention.