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Hypermethylated genomic DNA is a common feature in tumoral tissues, although the prevalence of this modification remains poorly understood. We aimed to determine the frequency of five tumor suppressor (TS) genes in prostate cancer and the correlation between promoter hypermethylation of these genes and low and high grade of prostate carcinomas. A total of 30 prostate tumor specimens were investigated for promoter methylation status of TS hypermethylated in cancer 1 ( HIC1), death-associated protein kinase 1 ( DAPK1), secreted frizzled-related protein 2 ( SFRP2), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16), and O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase ( MGMT) genes by using bisulfite modifying method. A high frequency of promoter hypermethylation was found in HIC1 (70.9%), SFRP2 (58.3%), and DAPK1 (33.3%) genes in tumor samples that were examined. The current data show high frequency of hypermethylation changes in HIC1, SFRP2, and DAPK1 genes in prostate carcinomas of high Gleason Score (GS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four different drying methods, hot-air-drying (HAD), vacuum-drying (VD), ultrasound-assisted vacuum-drying (US-VD), and freeze-drying (FD), were used to obtain dried plums ( Prunes domestica L .). These prunes were evaluated for their physical properties (such as color, rehydration ratio, and microstructural properties), phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities before and after being subjected to in vitro digestion. TPC (total phenolic content) of plums ranged from 196.84 to 919.58 mg of GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/100 g of dw, and neochlorogenic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound. FD prunes had the highest levels of phenolics, whereas US-VD caused the most significant loss. During in vitro digestion, the phenolics were present at higher levels at the gastric medium but failed to maintain their stability at the small intestinal stage. Among the samples, FD along with HAD prunes exhibited a higher bioaccessibility index for most of the phenolic compounds. The ratios of TPC, TFC (total flavonoid content), and individual phenolics determined in the digested residues to the initial values of the undigested samples ranged from 0.23 to 31.03%. It could be concluded that the majority of the phenolics were extracted during digestion. Our findings showed that the different drying methods would alter the microstructure, which would affect the extractability and release of phenolics in the simulated digestion model., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Background: The purpose of the study was to analyze the expression of nucleophosmin (NPM1), CCAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA), and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) with immunohistochemistry and evaluate the relationship with clinicopathologic data with special emphasis on prognosis in bone marrow biopsy specimens diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)., Materials and Methods: Bone marrow biopsies of 104 patients who were diagnosed with AML were re-evaluated for diagnosis and subclassification. Immunohistochemically, anti-NPM1, anti-CEBPA, and anti-FLT3 antibodies were applied to slides prepared from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Sixty-three of these patients had their follow-up in our institutional hematology clinic and these patients' clinical, biochemical, and radiological data were obtained and analyzed from patient files. These data were analyzed with survival times statistically., Results: Except for age, no significant effect of clinical data on prognosis was detected. Immunohistochemical results were also statistically compared with clinical data. No correlation was found between overall survival and disease-free survival with the expression of anti-CEBPA or anti-NPM1 antibodies. However, immunohistochemical reactivity for anti-FLT3 antibody was found to be a poor prognostic factor and statistically significant. Also, when the expression of FLT3 was analyzed with that of NPM1 or CEBPA, a correlation (dependent on the expression of FLT3) was found with disease-free survival., Conclusions: FLT3 is an independent prognostic factor for AML. CEBPA and NPM1 should be considered as good prognostic factors only in the absence of FLT3 abnormalities., Competing Interests: None

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of intraarticular insulin on the treatment of chondral defects., Design: Twenty-four mature New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups as control (Group 1), microfracture (Group 2), and microfracture and insulin (Group 3). Four-millimeter full-thickness cartilage defects were created to the weight-bearing surface on the medial femoral condyles of each rabbit. In the first group, any additional interventions were not performed. Microfracture was performed on defects in groups 2 and 3. Additionally, 10 IU of insulin glargine was administrated into the knee joints of the third group. Three months after surgery, the knee joints were harvested and cartilage quality was assessed according to Wakitani and ICRS (International Cartilage Repair Society) scores histopathologically. Insulin injections were performed into the knees of 2 additional rabbits without creating a cartilage defect to evaluate the potential adverse effects of insulin on healthy cartilage (Group 4)., Results: The total ICRS and Wakitani scores of the insulin group were found to be significantly lower than the microfracture group but similar to the control group. No negative effects of insulin on healthy cartilage were detected. Intraarticular insulin after surgery has led to a statistically significant decrease in systemic blood sugar levels whereas the decrease observed after administration to intact tissues was not statistically significant., Conclusions: Insulin had a negative influence on the quality of cartilage regeneration and had no effect on healthy cartilage. Intraarticular insulin administration does not cause significant systemic effects in intact tissue.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe the development and implementation of a Team-based Learning (TBL) educational model in a predoctoral education course to assess its effectiveness in promoting student learning as measured by knowledge acquisition and student satisfaction., Methods: An interprofessional education course used the TBL structure for the second-year dental students, in which students had an opportunity to first work on the questions individually and then in groups. Each instruction session began with a readiness assurance test (RAT), which students were asked to complete in two formats: each student answered on their own, then each team worked on the same questions to arrive at a consensus decision followed by a team-based application exercise., Results: A significant difference existed in which team scores were higher than individual scores and on average, the teams scored higher than when students worked alone. Student feedback showed a strong preference of TBL over the traditional lecture format. Students found that the sessions helped them to understand the clinical cases from the perspective of other health care fields in this pedagogical approach., Conclusion: The TBL methods facilitated an interactive learning environment to promote student-centred learning in a predoctoral education course and the teams performed better in correct evaluation compared with the individual students., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

This study evaluated the effect of a) pontic materials and b) occlusal morphologies on the fracture resistance of fi ber-reinforced composite (FRC) inlay-retained fixed dental prostheses (FDP). Inlay-retained FRC FPDs (N=45, n=9) were constructed using a) resin composite (deep anatomy), b) natural tooth, c) acrylic denture tooth, d) porcelain denture tooth and e) resin composite (shallow anatomy), as pontic materials. In addition resin composite beams were fabricated (N=30, n=10): i) 'circular', ii) 'elliptic I', and iii) 'elliptic II'. There was no significant difference between the fracture resistance of Groups a, b, c, and d (598, 543, 539, 509 N, respectively) (p>0.05) (One-way ANOVA). Fracture resistance of Group e (1,186 N) was significantly higher than those of other groups (p<0.05) (Tukey's test). No significant difference was found between Group i (1,750 N) and Group ii (1,790 N). Not the pontic material but the occlusal morphology affects the fracture resistance of FRC FDPs.

Background: Patients diagnosis as penil fracture and treated with surgical methods were evaluated retrospectively between January 1990-February 2002., Methods: Patients were evaluated by age, trauma type, time passed after the trauma, physical examination and radiologic data., Results: The cause of trauma was blunt trauma in all patients. 14 trauma (60.8%) were during sexual activity, 6 trauma (26%) were during handling the erective penis in morning erection, 3 of trauma (13%) were due to the rolling on to the penis. Urethral bleeding was seen in 1 patient and microscopic hematuria was detected in 5 patients. Subcoronal circular incision was carried out in 16 patients (69.5%), semicircular incision was done directly on the injury in 6 patients (26%) and from penis radix to scrotum was done in 1 patient (4.3%). There was unilateral corpus cavernosum injury in 21 patients. Bilateral corpus cavernosum injury in 1 patient, corpuscavernosum, corpus spongiosum and incomplent urethral injury in 1 patient. Wound infection was detected only in 2 patients at postoperatively early period. After evaluating 20 patients with medical history and physical examination in postoperative control penil curvature permitting sexual activity was detected in 3 patients., Conclusion: We concluded that patients with penil fracture may be treated with low complication rate by early surgical procedure.

Recent studies have shown 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated modulation of the immune system. We examined lymphocyte subpopulations of 16 children with nutritional rickets. Most of the patients suffered more frequent infection episodes than the control group of 15 healthy children and low serum levels of 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D, such as 38.2 +/- 8.6 ng/mL and 15.7 +/- 2.6 pg/mL respectively. This decrease correlated with a significant decrease in total T lymphocytes and an increase in B lymphocytes expressing surface IgA, IgM, IgG molecules. These results suggest that vitamin D plays an important role in the impaired functions of T lymphocytes which may lead to frequent infection episodes in nutritional rickets.

Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, or agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by fibrosis of the bone marrow accompanied by aniso- and poikilocytosis, leukoerythroblastosis and hepatosplenomegaly with extramedullary hematopoiesis. Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia is very rare in children. In this report, two cases of AMM in whom the onset of the illness were at 3 and 12 months of age, are presented. Both had severe anemia, hepatosplenomegaly and bone marrow fibrosis. Lymph node biopsy of the first patient and liver biopsy of the second revealed extramedullary hematopoiesis. They were treated with an intravenous high dose of methylprednisolone (daily 30 mg/kg for 3 days, 20 mg/kg for 4 days, 10 mg/kg for 1 week, 5 mg/kg for 1 week). A complete improvement of hematological and clinical findings was observed.

The levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were determined in the serum of 61 children with hematological malignancy, including 20 patients with leukemia and 16 with lymphoma in active state of malignancy, and 20 patients with leukemia and 5 with lymphoma in complete remission. In addition, serum samples from 15 healthy children were used as controls. It was found that the mean serum levels of sIL-2R and TNF were significantly increased in active malignancy (207.0 +/- 17.1 pmol/L for sIL-2R; 209.7 +/- 35.0 pg/mL for TNF) compared to the remission status and normal controls (P < 0.001). No such difference was observed between leukemia and lymphoma groups. It was concluded that serum sIL-2R and TNF are of potential value in the diagnosis and follow up of patients with neoplastic diseases.