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Author(s): Tung-Ju Wu [sup.1] , Kuo-Shu Yuan [sup.2] , David C. Yen [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.19373.3f, 0000 0001 0193 3564, School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), , [...], The purpose of this study is to elucidate the relationships between leader-member exchange (LMX), perceived organizational support (POS), presenteeism, and turnover intention as well as to test the mediating effect of presenteeism and the moderated mediating effect of POS. A total of 566 questionnaires were returned in technology industry to examine the quality of the dyadic relationships between the workers perceived LMX, supervisor-subordinate guanxi and presenteeism in the first questionnaire survey. And we examined second questionnaire survey that their turnover intentions by self-assessed after a month in the first time retuned. After excluding matching and invalid questionnaires, 365 valid questionnaires were collected. In this study, LMX indirectly affected turnover intention through presenteeism. Studies have asserted that high-quality LMX and strong POS effectively reduced workers' turnover intentions. In addition, when POS increased, the negative relationship between LMX and turnover intention and the positive relationship between presenteeism and turnover intention increased and decreased, respectively. However, POS failed to moderate the positive relationship between LMX and presenteeism. Further, presenteeism was determined to mediate the relationship between LMX and turnover intentions. Notably, LMX only indirectly affected turnover intention through presenteeism in workers with low POS. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for formulating human resource management policies. In summary, this study provides evidence of the important role played by turnover intentions in determining an LMX, supervisor-subordinate guanxi and presenteeism. High-quality exchange relationships entail leader-member relationships and organization proxy (e.g., supervisor)-worker relationships. When workers' perceptions of organizational support are weak, and the organization lacks a robust support policy, workers' presenteeism to reciprocate to their supervisors or organization cannot be regulated, increasing presenteeism behavior in the organization and workers' turnover intentions.

This review paper focuses on the application of neural networks in semiconductor packaging, particularly examining how the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) model predicts the work-in-process (WIP) arrival rates at various stages of semiconductor packaging processes. Our study demonstrates that BPNN models effectively forecast WIP quantities at each processing step, aiding production planners in optimizing machine allocation and thus reducing product manufacturing cycles. This paper further explores the potential applications of neural networks in enhancing production efficiency, forecasting capabilities, and process optimization within the semiconductor industry. We discuss the integration of real-time data from manufacturing systems with neural network models to enable more accurate and dynamic production planning. Looking ahead, this paper outlines prospective advancements in neural network applications for semiconductor packaging, emphasizing their role in addressing the challenges of rapidly changing market demands and technological innovations. This review not only underscores the practical implementations of neural networks but also highlights future directions for leveraging these technologies to maintain competitiveness in the fast-evolving semiconductor industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Frailty epitomizes the most complex consequence of an aging population. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of frailty, measured using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), on outcomes of older people in an emergency department (ED). Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study enrolling patients aged 65 years and older in a medical center of Taiwan between March 8, 2021, and November 30, 2021. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality rate. Individuals were categorized into three groups based on the CFS scores. Logistic regression was employed to examine the influence of frailty on clinical outcomes following covariate adjustment. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan–Meier curves and Log rank tests. Results: A total of 473 individuals were included in the study, with a mean age of 82.1 years, and 60.5% of them were males. The 90-day mortality rate was 10.6%. Among these groups, the CFS score 7– 9 group had the highest 90-day mortality rate (15.9%), followed by the CFS score 4– 6 group (8.0%) and the CFS score 1– 3 group (7.1%). The multiple logistic regression analyses demonstrated a significant impact of CFS score on prognosis, with adjusted odd ratios of 1.24 (95% CI 1.06– 1.47) for 90-day mortality, 1.18 (95% CI 1.06– 1.31) for hospitalization, and 1.30 (95% CI 1.12– 1.52) for 180-day mortality. The Kaplan–Meier curves revealed a significantly higher 90-day mortality rate for patients with high CFS scores (Log rank tests, p = 0.019). Conclusion: In the older ED population, the severity of frailty assessed by the CFS emerged as a significant and important prognostic factor for hospitalization, 90-day mortality, and 180-day mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic back pain is a disabling condition that affects a significant proportion of the general population: epidemiologic surveys suggest two-thirds of Americans have back pain at some point in their [...], Background: Instrumented lumbar surgeries, such as lumbar fusion and lumbar disc replacement, are increasingly being used in the United States for low back pain, with utilization rates approaching those of total joint arthroplasty. It is unknown whether there is a similar pattern in Canada. We sought to determine utilization rates and total medical costs of instrumented lumbar surgeries in a single-payer system and to compare these with the rates and costs of total hip and knee replacements. Methods: We included Ontarians aged 20 years and older who underwent instrumented lumbar surgery or total knee or total hip replacement between April 1993 and March 2012. Utilization and medical cost of the procedures were evaluated and compared using linear regression in a time-series analysis. Instrumented lumbar surgical procedures were stratified by age and main indication for surgery. Results: Utilization of instrumented lumbar surgeries rose from 6.2 to 14.2 procedures per 100 000 population between 1993 and 2012 (p < 0.001), well below the utilization of knee and hip arthroplasties. Patients were younger than 50 years for 29.2% of all instrumented lumbar surgery cases; annual procedure rates among those older than 80 years rose 7.6-fold. Direct medical costs of instrumented lumbar surgeries from 2002 to 2012 totaled $176 million. Spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis were the most common indications for instrumented lumbar surgeries. Conclusion: Use of instrumented lumbar surgeries in Ontario's single-payer system has increased rapidly, especially among patients older than 80 years. In contrast to the situation in the United States, these rates were well below those of total joint arthroplasties. These data provide useful insights about resource allocation for surgical treatment of lumbar degenerative disorders. Contexte: Les chirurgies lombaires instrumentees, telles que l'arthrodese ou la prothese discale lombaires, sont de plus en plus utilisees aux Etats-Unis pour le traitement de la lombalgie, leurs taux d'utilisation s'approchant de ceux de l'arthroplastie totale. On ignore si la tendance est la meme au Canada. Nous avons voulu mesurer les taux d'utilisation et les couts medicaux totaux des chirurgies lombaires instrumentees et les comparer aux taux et aux couts de l'arthroplastie totale de la hanche et du genou. Methodes: Nous avons inclus les Ontariens de 20 ans et plus ayant subi une chirurgie lombaire instrumentee ou une arthroplastie totale du genou ou de la hanche entre avril 1993 et mars 2012. L'utilisation et les couts medicaux des interventions ont ete evalues et compares par analyse de regression lineaire des series chronologiques. Les chirurgies lombaires ont ete stratifiees selon l'age et la principale indication. Resultats: Le recours aux chirurgies lombaires instrumentees a augmente de 6,2 a 14,2 interventions par 100 000 de population entre 1993 et 2012 (p < 0,001), ce qui reste bien inferieur au recours a l'arthroplastie du genou et de la hanche. Les patients avaient moins de 50 ans pour 29,2% de tous les cas de chirurgies lombaires instrumentees; le taux annuel d'interventions chez les patients de plus de 80 ans a augmente selon un facteur de 7,6. Les couts medicaux directs des chirurgies lombaires instrumentees ont totalise 176 millions de dollars entre 2002 et 2012. La stenose rachidienne et le spondylolisthesis etaient les plus frequentes indications des chirurgies lombaires instrumentees. Conclusion: L'utilisation de la chirurgie lombaire instrumentee pour le regime d'assurance sante a payeur unique ontarien a augmente rapidement, particulierement chez les patients de plus de 80 ans. Comparativement a la situation qui prevaut aux Etats-Unis, ces taux sont bien inferieurs aux taux d'arthroplasties totales. Ces donnees sont interessantes du point de vue de l'allocation des ressources pour le traitement chirurgical de la degenerescence discale lombaire.