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A clear awareness of a patient's knowledge, values, and perspectives is an important component of effective genetic counseling. Advances in precision medicine, however, have outpaced our understanding of patient perceptions of this new approach. Patient views may differ across the three domains of precision medicine (genetics, behavioral, and environmental determinants of health), ethnic/racial groups, and health literacy levels. This study describes and compares group differences in familiarity, perceptions, and preferences for precision medicine in a diverse sample. Between 2016 and 2017, 252 participants completed a 10–15‐min survey in three primary care clinics in Florida and Tennessee. The final sample was 42.5% African American/Black, 25.8% Hispanic/Latino, 25.0% White, and 6.7% other ethnicity/race. Less than a quarter of participants reported being familiar with the term "precision medicine," but were more familiar with basic genetic terms. Participants with higher health literacy reported greater familiarity with terms (p ≤ 003). African Americans/Black participants were more likely to identify ethnicity/race and discrimination as influencing their health (p ≤ .004). When deciding to get a genetic test, individuals across ethnic/racial groups shared similar considerations. Those with higher health literacy, however, gave significantly greater importance to provider trust (p ≤ .008). Given the recent emergence of precision medicine, at present there may be limited differences in patient perceptions across ethnic/racial groups. Culturally sensitive efforts, tailored to health literacy level, may aid equitable precision medicine uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Evaluating medication adherence in chronic diseases is important to understand the effectiveness of treatment. A reliable, valid, and practical measure is needed to assess medication adherence for Iranian patients. Aim: To translate and validate the Short Form of the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS-SF) in Iranian elders with chronic disease. Materials and Methods: The 'forward-backward' procedure was applied to translate the scale. One hundred patients aged 60 years and older with chronic disease were included in the study. Construct validity was evaluated with exploratory factor analysis and criterion validity was evaluated with the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Cronbach's alpha coefficients and the test-retest procedure were used to assess the scale reliability. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis indicated a two-factor solution for the scale that jointly accounted for 67.26% of the variance observed. The criterion validity showed high and significant correlation between ARMS-SF and MMAS-8. Cronbach's alpha of the total scale was 0.74 and testretest reliability (ICC) within two weeks was greater than 0.80 in all dimensions. Conclusion: The ARMS-SF is reliable and valid for measuring medication adherence among Iranian elders with chronic disease. Further research is required to measure the sensitivity and specificity of the scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypnosis is a brief intervention ready for wider dissemination in medical contexts. Overall, hypnosis remains underused despite evidence supporting its beneficial clinical impact. This review will evaluate the evidence supporting hypnosis for dissemination using guidelines formulated by Glasgow and colleagues (1999). Five dissemination dimensions will be considered: Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM)., Reach: In medical settings, hypnosis is capable of helping a diverse range of individuals with a wide variety of problems., Efficacy: There is evidence supporting the use of hypnosis for chronic pain, acute pain and emotional distress arising from medical procedures and conditions, cancer treatment-related side-effects and irritable bowel syndrome., Adoption: Although hypnosis is currently not a part of mainstream clinical practices, evidence suggests that patients and healthcare providers are open to trying hypnosis, and may become more so when educated about what hypnosis can do., Implementation: Hypnosis is a brief intervention capable of being administered effectively by healthcare providers., Maintenance: Given the low resource needs of hypnosis, opportunities for reimbursement, and the ability of the intervention to potentially help medical settings reduce costs, the intervention has the qualities necessary to be integrated into routine care in a self-sustaining way in medical settings. In sum, hypnosis is a promising candidate for further dissemination.